Teacher: Sarah Marie Joy A.
Dela Vega
Define and describe the key components of information systems, including hardware,
software, data, people, and procedures.
Explain the roles and functions of each building block within an information system
architecture, highlighting their interdependencies and contributions to system
functionality.
Identify different types of hardware components utilized in information systems,
outlining their purposes and characteristics in supporting computing tasks and data
processing.
Discuss the significance of data management and databases in information systems,
emphasizing data storage, retrieval, security, and integrity for effective decision-
making and organizational operations.
Evaluate the impact of human resources on information systems, analyzing the roles of
various personnel such as system analysts, programmers, and end-users, and their
contributions to system development, implementation, and maintenance.
Statement of the Problem
The project aims to develop a Revenue Collection and Taxpayers’ Records Management
System for LGU Allacapan. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the practices and procedures of the Treasury Office of LGU Allacapan in
the collection and storage of taxpayers’ records?
2. What are the problems, needs, and gaps in the existing records collection and
storage practices and procedures of the Treasury Office in LGU Allacapan?
3. What system can be develop to solve the problems and needs in the existing
records collection and storage practices and procedures of the Treasury Office in
LGU Allacapan?
4. What is the extent of compliance of the developed application to ISO 25010
Software Quality Standards in terms of:
a. Functional Suitability,
b. Performance Efficiency,
c. Compatibility,
d. Usability,
e. Reliability,
f. Security,
g. Maintainability, and
h. Portability?
5. What enhancements can be accomplished to enhance the develop system?
These are two components of an organization's overall
information technology infrastructure, often found in
businesses such as financial institutions, healthcare
organizations, and retail companies.
These systems are integral to managing various
operations and customer interactions efficiently.
Front-office systems are customer-facing and primarily
deal with interactions between the organization and its
customers or clients.
These systems are designed to facilitate transactions,
provide customer service, and manage customer
relationships.
The primary goal of front-office systems is to enhance
customer satisfaction, improve sales and marketing
effectiveness, and ultimately drive revenue growth.
1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems:
These systems help manage interactions with existing and
potential customers, including sales, marketing, and customer
support activities.
The goal is simple: Improve business relationships.
Hubspot is a CRM platform in which it tracks customer
relationships as well as facilitates marketing, sales, and service
processes
2.Point-of-Sale (POS) systems:
These systems are used in retail environments to process sales
transactions, manage inventory, and sometimes handle customer
relationship data.
a place where a customer executes the payment for goods or
services and where sales taxes may become payable.
3. Helpdesk and support systems:
These systems assist in managing customer inquiries, complaints,
and support requests.
4. Sales Force Automation (SFA) systems:
Thesesystems automate sales activities such as lead
management, opportunity tracking, and performance analysis.
Back-office systems support internal operations and
are typically not visible to customers.
They handle tasks related to administration,
operations, and management of resources within the
organization.
The primary goal of back-office systems is to
streamline internal processes, improve operational
efficiency, and provide accurate information for
decision-making.
1. Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) systems:
These systems integrate various
business functions such as finance,
human resources, procurement, and
supply chain management into a unified
system.
Examples: Oracle NetSuite. NetSuite,
Intuit QuickBooks, Sage Intacct.,
Microsoft Dynamics 365
2. Accounting and financial systems:
These systems manage financial transactions, budgeting, financial
reporting, and compliance.
It automates everyday accounting tasks such as maintaining
ledger and journal entries, supporting tax calculations, and
enabling multicurrency transactions.
3. Inventory management systems:
These systems track inventory levels, manage stock movements,
and facilitate reordering processes.
4. Human Resource Management (HRM) systems:
These systems handle employee-related functions such as payroll
processing, employee records management, and performance
evaluation.
Information system applications
encompasses the hardware,
software, input and output
procedures, database, and
operational staff necessary for an
organization to execute its
information processing tasks
effectively.
Fig. 1. Organizational-level information management
systems.
This includes computers, servers, networking equipment, storage devices,
and other physical devices required to support information processing
tasks.
Examples:
• Desktop computers
• Servers
• Routers and switches
• Printers and scanners
• Mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets)
These are the programs and applications used to perform specific tasks
and processes within the information system.
Examples:
• Operating systems (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS)
• Database management systems (e.g., MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL
Server)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software (e.g., SAP, Oracle ERP
Cloud, Microsoft Dynamics)
• Customer relationship management (CRM) software (e.g., Salesforce,
HubSpot, Zoho CRM)
• Productivity software (e.g., Microsoft Office suite, Google Workspace)
These are the methods and protocols for entering data into the system and
retrieving information from it.
Examples:
• User interfaces (e.g., graphical user interfaces, command-line interfaces)
• Data entry forms
• Barcode scanners
• Touchscreen displays
• Voice recognition systems
This is the structured collection of data stored electronically within the
system.
Examples:
• Relational databases
• Document-oriented databases
• Data warehouses
• NoSQL databases
• Graph databases
These are the individuals responsible for operating, maintaining, and
supporting the information system.
Examples:
• System administrators
• Database administrators (DBAs)
• Network administrators
• Technical support staff
• IT managers
Information Systems
Architecture focuses on
identifying and defining the
applications and data
considerations that support an
enterprise's Business
Architecture; for example, by
defining views that relate to
information, knowledge,
application services, and many
Figure 2: Information Systems Architectures
more.
Information Systems Architecture often follows established
frameworks such as TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture
Framework), Zachman Framework, or FEAF (Federal
Enterprise Architecture Framework).
These frameworks provide methodologies, guidelines, and
best practices for developing and implementing Information
Systems Architecture within an organization.
Information Systems Architecture ensures that IT
systems and applications are aligned with the
organization's business architecture.
It involves understanding the business processes,
goals, and requirements and then identifying the
technology solutions that best support them.
Application architecture focuses on defining the
structure and behavior of individual software
applications within the information system.
It includes selecting appropriate software components,
defining interfaces between applications, and ensuring
interoperability and scalability.
Application architecture also involves mapping out how
applications support specific business functions and
processes.
Data architecture deals with the organization,
structure, and storage of data within the
information system.
It includes defining data models, databases,
data integration strategies, and data
governance policies.
Data architecture ensures that data is accurate,
consistent, and accessible to support business
decision-making and operations.
Information Systems Architecture addresses the
underlying technology infrastructure needed to
support IT systems and applications.
This includes hardware, networking, cloud services,
and other IT resources required to deploy and
operate the information system effectively.
Technology infrastructure decisions consider factors
such as performance, security, reliability, and cost-
effectiveness.
Information Systems Architecture defines
various views or perspectives to capture
different aspects of the system, such as
information, knowledge, application services,
and technology.
These views help stakeholders understand how
the information system supports business
processes and enables effective
communication and decision-making.
Information Systems Architecture establishes
governance processes and standards to ensure
that IT investments align with business priorities
and comply with organizational policies and
regulations.
Governance mechanisms may include review
boards, architectural principles, and compliance
assessments to guide decision-making and
ensure consistency across IT initiatives
