(a) English as a Medium of Instruction in Pakistan.

(b) Is Semester system a Blessing in

pakistan ? (c) The Pleasures of Reading (d) Use of Mobile phone (e) Decay of idealism
in Pakistan

USE OF MOBILE PHONE

The Use of Mobile Phones: A Blessing or a Curse?

Mobile phones, which were once a luxury item, have now become an essential part of
everyday life. Nearly everyone carries one, from young children to the elderly. The rapid
advancement in mobile technology, particularly the development of smartphones, has
changed the way we live, work, and communicate. While the mobile phone has undoubtedly
brought significant benefits, its widespread use has also raised concerns about its impact on
our health, relationships, and society. This essay will explore both the positive and negative
effects of mobile phone usage, ultimately offering a balanced perspective on the role of
mobile phones in our lives.

The Positive Impacts of Mobile Phone Usage

1. Enhanced Communication

One of the most significant advantages of mobile phones is their ability to enhance
communication. With a mobile phone, we can easily stay in touch with family, friends,
colleagues, and business partners, regardless of geographical barriers. Mobile phones allow
instant communication through voice calls, text messages, emails, and social media
platforms. In an emergency, mobile phones can be lifesavers, enabling people to contact
emergency services quickly.

Moreover, mobile phones are now equipped with video calling features, which allows people
to have face-to-face conversations, even if they are on opposite sides of the world. This has
greatly improved the ability to maintain long-distance relationships and conduct business
internationally.

2. Access to Information

Mobile phones have revolutionized access to information. With internet connectivity,

smartphones serve as portable devices for browsing the web, reading news, watching videos,
and conducting research. Students and professionals alike benefit from the availability of
educational resources at their fingertips. Learning applications, online courses, and digital
libraries are just a few examples of how mobile phones have made information more
accessible.

Mobile phones also provide instant updates on global events, making it easier to stay
informed about current affairs, weather, and even financial markets. People can now access
real-time information from anywhere, which is particularly helpful during times of crisis,
such as natural disasters or political upheavals.

3. Convenience in Daily Life

Mobile phones have made everyday tasks more convenient. From banking and shopping to
ordering food or transportation, smartphones provide services that save time and effort.
People can shop online, transfer money, or book flights and hotels, all from the palm of their
hands. This convenience has transformed the way we conduct business, making transactions
faster and more efficient.

Additionally, mobile phones come with a variety of apps designed to assist with personal
organization, such as calendars, reminders, note-taking, and fitness tracking. These tools help
individuals manage their schedules, track their health goals, and stay organized in their
personal and professional lives.

4. Social Connectivity

Social media platforms, which are often accessed via mobile phones, have changed the way
we interact with others. Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and
WhatsApp have allowed people to stay connected with friends and family, share life updates,
and participate in global conversations. These platforms also serve as spaces for communities
with shared interests to come together, whether it be through discussions, hobbies, or
activism.

Moreover, mobile phones have given rise to new ways of expressing oneself. Blogging,
vlogging, and sharing personal experiences through photos and videos have become part of
the mobile experience. In this way, mobile phones have democratized media, allowing
individuals to broadcast their thoughts and ideas to a global audience.

5. Improved Business and Work Productivity

In the professional realm, mobile phones have been a game-changer. With the advent of
email and messaging apps, business professionals can respond to inquiries, manage projects,
and collaborate with teams on-the-go. This level of connectivity has helped streamline
operations and improve productivity in various industries.

In addition, mobile phones are essential tools for remote work. With mobile devices, workers
can access documents, participate in virtual meetings, and stay connected to their colleagues,
making it easier for individuals to work from home or travel while staying productive.

The Negative Impacts of Mobile Phone Usage

Despite the numerous benefits, mobile phones have their fair share of drawbacks. Over-
reliance on mobile phones has led to several concerns, particularly regarding physical health,
mental well-being, and social interactions.

1. Impact on Physical Health

Excessive use of mobile phones can have detrimental effects on physical health. Prolonged
screen time is one of the most significant concerns. The blue light emitted by screens has
been shown to disrupt sleep patterns, particularly when used late at night. This can lead to
sleep deprivation and other associated health problems, including reduced cognitive function
and memory issues.
Additionally, the physical act of holding a phone for long periods can lead to strain on the
eyes, neck, and wrists. The term "text neck" has been coined to describe the condition
resulting from the constant bending of the neck to look at a mobile phone screen. Other
issues, such as eye strain and carpal tunnel syndrome, have also become more common due
to frequent mobile phone use.

2. Mental Health Concerns

While mobile phones provide a wealth of information and entertainment, they have also been
linked to mental health issues. One of the major concerns is social media addiction. The
constant need to check notifications, updates, and posts can lead to feelings of anxiety,
depression, and loneliness, particularly among young people. Social media platforms can
create unrealistic standards of beauty, success, and happiness, contributing to feelings of
inadequacy or self-doubt.

The constant barrage of notifications can also lead to stress and a sense of being
overwhelmed. Many people struggle to "switch off" from work or social obligations, leading
to an inability to relax and recharge.

3. Social Isolation

While mobile phones can help us stay connected, they can also contribute to social isolation.
The convenience of digital communication sometimes replaces face-to-face interactions,
leading to a lack of meaningful social connections. People may prefer texting or chatting
online rather than engaging in person, which can weaken relationships over time.

Moreover, mobile phone use can create distractions in social settings. Many people find
themselves glued to their screens during family dinners, social gatherings, or even meetings,
rather than engaging with those around them. This can lead to feelings of neglect and hinder
the development of deeper interpersonal relationships.

4. Security and Privacy Risks

Mobile phones have become a repository for personal information, from contact details and
photos to banking data and passwords. While this makes life more convenient, it also makes
individuals more vulnerable to security breaches and privacy violations. Mobile phones are a
target for hackers, and there have been numerous instances of data being stolen or
compromised.

Furthermore, location tracking features, which are often enabled on smartphones, raise
concerns about personal privacy. Many apps collect data on users' whereabouts and habits,
sometimes without their full knowledge or consent. This data can be used for targeted
advertising or, in some cases, exploited by malicious parties.

5. Addiction and Dependence

Another issue with mobile phone use is addiction. Many individuals find it difficult to detach
from their phones, leading to an unhealthy dependence on them. This dependency can
interfere with daily tasks, productivity, and personal relationships. The habit of constantly
checking a phone for notifications, even without a particular reason, is often compared to
addictive behaviors associated with gambling or substance abuse.

Conclusion

In conclusion, mobile phones are both a blessing and a curse. They have revolutionized
communication, improved access to information, and brought about unprecedented
convenience in everyday life. However, their overuse has also led to physical health issues,
mental health concerns, and social isolation. The key lies in using mobile phones mindfully
and in moderation. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential for individuals to strike a
balance between enjoying the benefits of mobile phones while mitigating their negative
effects. Society must also work together to ensure that mobile phone usage remains a tool for
enhancing, rather than hindering, personal well-being and social harmony. Ultimately, how
we choose to use mobile phones will determine whether they remain a powerful asset or

become a source of harm in our lives.

Question 2

Here are explanations and examples for the idiomatic expressions you’ve mentioned:

1. Lock down upon

o Meaning: To focus intensely or give attention to something.
o Sentence: The detective locked down upon the case, determined to find the
missing evidence.
2. A hard nut to crack
o Meaning: A person or situation that is very difficult to deal with or solve.
o Sentence: The new manager is a hard nut to crack; he has very high
expectations and doesn’t accept anything less than perfection.
3. Take after
o Meaning: To resemble or behave like a parent or ancestor.
o Sentence: Sarah really takes after her mother—she’s as creative and artistic as
she is.
4. Give in
o Meaning: To surrender or yield to pressure or demands.
o Sentence: After hours of negotiation, he finally gave in and agreed to their
terms.
5. By first and start
o Meaning: This seems to be an incorrect or less common expression. A more
typical phrase might be "by fits and starts", which means something
happening in irregular bursts or intermittently.
o Sentence: His progress on the project was by fits and starts, and it took longer
than expected.
6. Not in voice
 oMeaning: This phrase might be a variation or mistake of "not in the mood"
or "not in good voice." It generally means not feeling well or not in a good
state to speak or sing.
o Sentence: She wasn’t in voice today, so she decided to skip the choir
rehearsal.
7. The wee hours
o Meaning: The very early hours of the morning, typically after midnight.
o Sentence: We stayed up until the wee hours of the morning talking and
reminiscing about old times.
8. Push up the daisies
o Meaning: A euphemism for being dead and buried.
o Sentence: He was always joking about pushing up the daisies, but no one
expected him to pass away so suddenly

Here are several idiomatic expressions used in sentences to clarify their meanings:

1. Bite the bullet

o Meaning: To do something difficult or unpleasant that is unavoidable.
o Sentence: I really don’t want to go to the dentist, but I guess I’ll have to bite
the bullet and get my tooth fixed.
2. Break the ice
o Meaning: To initiate conversation or interaction in an awkward or
uncomfortable situation.
o Sentence: At the party, John told a funny joke to break the ice and get
everyone talking.
3. Burn the midnight oil
o Meaning: To work late into the night.
o Sentence: She had to burn the midnight oil to finish her project before the
deadline.
4. Caught between a rock and a hard place
o Meaning: To be in a difficult situation with no good options.
o Sentence: I’m caught between a rock and a hard place—either I take a job I
don’t like or stay unemployed.
5. Cut to the chase
o Meaning: To get to the point without wasting time.
o Sentence: Let’s cut to the chase. How much is this project going to cost?
6. Hit the nail on the head
o Meaning: To describe exactly what is causing a situation or problem.
o Sentence: When Sarah said the company’s lack of communication was the
issue, she really hit the nail on the head.
7. Let the cat out of the bag
o Meaning: To accidentally reveal a secret or a surprise.
o Sentence: I was trying to keep the party a secret, but Jane let the cat out of the
bag when she mentioned it at lunch.
8. Once in a blue moon
o Meaning: Something that happens very rarely.
 o Sentence: I only get to see my cousins once in a blue moon because they live
so far away.
9. The ball is in your court
o Meaning: It’s now your responsibility to take action.
o Sentence: I’ve done all I can to help with the project, now the ball is in your
court to finish it.
10. Under the weather

 Meaning: Feeling sick or unwell.

 Sentence: I’m going to stay home today because I’m feeling a bit under the weather.

11. A blessing in disguise

 Meaning: Something that seems bad or unlucky at first but results in something good.
 Sentence: Losing that job was actually a blessing in disguise because it pushed me to
pursue my dream career.

12. Burn your bridges

 Meaning: To do something that makes it impossible to go back to a previous situation

or relationship.
 Sentence: After he yelled at his boss, he really burned his bridges at the company.

13. Jump on the bandwagon

 Meaning: To join or support something that is popular or trending.

 Sentence: Everyone is jumping on the bandwagon and buying electric cars now.

14. Spill the beans

 Meaning: To reveal a secret.

 Sentence: Don’t spill the beans about the surprise party—I want it to be a surprise!

15. Hit the sack

 Meaning: To go to bed.
 Sentence: I’m really tired, so I think I’ll hit the sack early tonight.

Question 3
correct the following sentences

1 he absented from the class 2 Sitting on grass a snake bit him 3 i took revenge from my enemy 4 he
is ill owing to cold 5 he reached by 4:30 o clock train 6 his arguments are as follow 7 you had better
not to wake him up when get home 8he is clever but he lacks of experience 9 she is trying to
concentrate herself on finishing her degree 10 iam a little afraid to do this by my own

Answer

Here are the corrected sentences:

 1. He was absent from the class.
2. While sitting on the grass, a snake bit him.
3. I took revenge on my enemy.
4. He is ill due to a cold.
5. He reached by the 4:30 o'clock train.
6. His arguments are as follows.
7. You had better not wake him up when you get home.
8. He is clever, but he lacks experience.
9. She is trying to concentrate on finishing her degree.
10. I am a little afraid to do this on my own.

Question 4
Translate into English
1)
It is an undeniable fact that a healthy mind resides in a healthy body. Good health is the key
to all of life’s successes. A sick and weak person cannot perform any task effectively. Taking
care of one’s health is the primary responsibility of every individual. A balanced diet, regular
exercise, and adequate sleep are the guarantees of a healthy life. We should adopt these
principles so that we can lead a healthy and active life.
2)

Many sorrows are written in our fate, and they are destined to come to us. Some truths are
such that, no matter how unpleasant they may seem to us, we still have to accept them. If a
person keeps pitying himself constantly and thinking about the sorrows that come in his life,
then those sorrows overpower him. And even if happiness comes into his life, he may not be
able to see it.

Question 5

Please summarize the following passage into 1/3rd of its size and also give the title. The
satisfaction of man's physical and material needs is not enough, Man is the only animal who
has spiritual needs as well. Without the satisfaction of these he cannot develop his personality
or realize his whole being. It is religion that satisfies his spiritual urges. Human belief in God
and the presence of a spiritual world controlling his material world affords him a high ideal.
To achieve this, he conforms to lofty spiritual principles. In a society where religion prevails,
the spirit of sacrifice and the sense of achievement reign supreme. This can never be possible
in a materialistic regime. Here the purposes for which men undergo sacrifice are low in
comparison with the higher ideal of realizing the glory of God in actual practice.
Unfortunately, the present day world is becoming too materialistic and man's spiritual needs
are being Ignored. Consequently, his energies are being diverted into dangerous channels and
he is degenerating into a lawless criminal or a self-centered brute. It is devoutly hoped that
spiritual values will dominate the world in the near future because a civilization without
religion is unstable and aimless. With the dawn of the new era, religion will have a permanent
place of honour.
Answer

Title: The Importance of Spiritual Fulfillment

Man's physical and material needs alone are not enough for his well-being. Unlike other
animals, humans also have spiritual needs that must be fulfilled to develop their personality
and realize their full potential. Religion plays a crucial role in satisfying these spiritual urges
by providing a belief in God and a higher purpose. In a society where religion prevails,
sacrifice and achievement are valued, in contrast to materialistic regimes where lower goals
dominate. Unfortunately, the modern world is becoming increasingly materialistic, neglecting
spiritual needs and leading people toward lawlessness and selfishness. It is hoped that
spiritual values will once again dominate, as a civilization without religion is unstable and
directionless.

‫۔‬