Node.
js
1) Shiftgram Problem
Ans:- let shiftgram=(name1,name2)=>{
if(name1.length!==name2.length){
return false;
}
const globlevalriable=name1+name1;
return globlevalriable.includes(name2);
}
shiftgram("abcd","cdab")
✅ Part 2: Must-Know JavaScript Topics for Node.js Interviews
These are core topics that often come up in interviews (especially for freshers/juniors):
🔹 1. String Questions
• Reverse a string
• function reve(name){
• let revee='';
• for(let i=name.length-1;i>=0;i--)
• {
• revee+=name[i]
• }
• return revee;
• }
• let r=(name)=> name.split('').reverse().join('');
• console.log(r("Hello"))
• console.log(reve("Paresh"))
3.Swap number without using third variable :
Ans:- let a=10;
let b=20;
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
// [a,b]=[a,b]
console.log("a:"+a)
console.log("b:"+b)
• Palindrome check
Ans:- function plaindrom(str)
{
const reve=str.split('').reverse().join('');
if(str===reve)
{
return "It is";
}
else{
return "it not"
}
}
plaindrom("Paresh")
• Anagram check
• function anagram(str,str1)
• {
• if(str.length!==str1.length) return false;
• let new1=str.split('').sort().join()
• let new2=str1.split('').sort().join()
• if(new1===new2)
• {
• return "it is"
• }
• else{
• return "it is not"
• }
•
• }
• Shiftagram (what you shared)
🔹 2. Array Questions
• Reverse an array
Ans:- function reversear(arr){
let revarr=[];
for(let i=arr.length-1;i>=0;i--)
{
revarr.push(arr[i])
}
console.log(revarr)
}
let arr=[1,2,3,4]
reversear(arr)
• Remove duplicates
Ans:- function dup(arr)
{
const ch=[...new Set (arr)];
console.log(ch)
}
arr=[1,2,2,3,4,4]
dup(arr);
• Find max/min
• let arr=[1,7,8,9]
• console.log(Math.max(...arr))
• console.log(Math.min(...arr))
• Rotate array
Ans:-
• Flatten nested array
• Find common elements between two arrays
• Sum of all elements
Ans:- let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let sum = arr.reduce((acc, val) => acc + val, 0);
console.log("Sum:", sum); // 15
or
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let sum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
sum += arr[i];
console.log("Sum of array elements:", sum); // Output: 15
Example:
js
CopyEdit
// Remove duplicates
const arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4];
const unique = [...new Set(arr)];
console.log(unique); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
✅
Part 3: Node.js Topics to Prepare
Here's a priority cheat sheet for you:
Topic What to Focus
require() vs import CommonJS vs ES modules
Node.js Core Modules fs, http, path, os, events
Asynchronous JS callbacks, promises, async/await
Event Loop explain with diagram or phases
Express.js Basics routes, middleware, req/res
REST APIs CRUD operations
package.json dependencies, scripts, versioning
npm vs npx tools and use cases
Middleware app.use, custom middleware
Error handling try/catch, .catch(), error middleware
Topic What to Focus
File System fs.readFile, fs.writeFile, etc.
Environment Variables .env, process.env
JSON Handling JSON.stringify() / JSON.parse()
MongoDB Basics connection, schema, model if Mongoose used
✅ Part 4: 3 Mock Questions to Practice
Q1: How is Node.js different from traditional server-side languages?
Answer: Node.js is single-threaded, event-driven, non-blocking, uses JavaScript on the server,
great for scalable apps.
Q2: What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?
Answer: == compares values only. === compares values and types (strict equality).
Q3: Write a function in Node.js that reads a file and logs its contents.
js
CopyEdit
const fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('myfile.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
if (err) {
console.error('Error reading file:', err);
return;
}
console.log('File content:', data);
});
React
1. React Lifecycle Methods
Phases:
• Mounting (Component added to DOM):
o constructor()
o getDerivedStateFromProps()
o render()
o componentDidMount()
Example:
componentDidMount() {
console.log('Component mounted!');
}
• Updating (Component re-rendered):
o getDerivedStateFromProps()
o shouldComponentUpdate()
o render()
o getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()
o componentDidUpdate()
• Unmounting (Component removed):
o componentWillUnmount()
• Error Handling:
o componentDidCatch()
o getDerivedStateFromError()
2. Class vs Functional Components
Feature Class Component Functional Component
Lifecycle Yes (methods) Yes (using Hooks)
State this.setState() useState()
Hooks Not Supported Supported
Code Size More Code Less Code
Preferred Old Projects Modern Projects
3. useState & useEffect
useState:
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
useEffect:
useEffect(() => {
console.log("Runs once after first render");
}, []);
4. Keys in Lists
• Helps React track items.
• Avoid using index as key if list is dynamic.
list.map(item => <li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>)
5. Synthetic Events
• React handles events using its own system.
• Example:
<button onClick={handleClick}>Click</button>
6. Refs
Functional Component:
const inputRef = useRef();
<input ref={inputRef} />
• Use for direct DOM access, focus, scroll, etc.
7. Controlled vs Uncontrolled Components
Feature Controlled Uncontrolled
Managed by React state DOM
Re-render on change Yes No
Example
8. Props vs State
Feature Props State
Source Parent Internal
Mutable No Yes
Used For Data Passing Component Behavior
9. Higher Order Components (HOC)
• Function that returns a component.
• Example:
const withAuth = (Component) => (props) => isLoggedIn ? <Component
{...props}/> : <Login/>;
10. Error Boundaries
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
componentDidCatch(error, info) {
// handle error
}
render() {
return this.props.children;
}
}
11. Prop Drilling
• Passing props down multiple levels.
Solution:
• Context API
• Redux / Zustand
12. Lifting State Up
• Move shared state to common parent.
13. React Router DOM
import { BrowserRouter, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
• Helps navigate without refreshing page.
14. PureComponent vs React.memo
• PureComponent: Class version
• React.memo: Functional version
export default React.memo(MyComponent);
15. Styling in React
• CSS Files: import './style.css'
• Inline Style: <div style={{ color: 'red' }}>Text</div>
• CSS Modules: import styles from './style.module.css'
• Libraries: Tailwind, MUI, Bootstrap
16. Data Fetching
useEffect(() => {
fetchData();
}, []);
• Libraries: Axios, React Query, RTK Query
17. Conditional Rendering
isLoggedIn ? <Logout /> : <Login />
show && <Component />
18. CSR vs SSR
Feature CSR SSR
Render Location Browser Server
SEO Friendly No Yes
Initial Load Fast HTML Fast Content
Library React Next.js
19. Lazy Loading
const LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import('./HeavyComponent'));
<Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
<LazyComponent />
</Suspense>
20. Custom Hooks
function useCounter() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return [count, () => setCount(count + 1)];
}
21. useMemo vs useCallback
useMemo:
const result = useMemo(() => heavyFunction(x), [x]);
useCallback:
const handleClick = useCallback(() => setCount(count + 1), [count]);
22. Challenges in React
• Prop drilling
• Complex state
• Re-rendering
• Large forms
Solutions:
• Redux / Zustand
• React.memo
• useCallback / useMemo
• Formik / React Hook Form
23. Performance Optimization
• React.memo, useMemo, useCallback
• Code splitting
• Virtualized lists
• Avoid re-render with proper keys
• Lazy image loading
