DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND DATA
SCIENCE
CS3361 – DATA SCIENCE LABORATORY
LAB MANUAL
(Regulation 2021)
Prepared by,
DR.M.KUMAR, AP/AI&DS
SRIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Perumalpattu, Chennai - 602 024.
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University,
Chennai.)
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS3361 - DATA SCIENCE LABORATORY
REGULATION - 2021
(ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024 - 2025)
NAME OF THE STUDENT :
REGISTER NUMBER :
COURSE / DEPT :
YEAR / SEMESTER :
SUBJECT CODE :
SUBJECT NAME :
SRIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Perumalpattu, Chennai - 602 024.
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.)
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
REGISTER NO:
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
.
This is to certify that this is a bonafide record of work done by
of II-Year III Semester B.E.
CSE in CS3361-DATA SCIENCE LABORATORY during the academic
year 2024 - 2025.
Signature of Faculty In-charge Signature of School Head - CSE
Submitted for the Practical Examination held on .
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
Ex.No. 1 Download, install and explore the features of NumPy, SciPy,
Jupyter, Statsmodels and Pandas packages.
How to Install Anaconda & Run Jupyter Notebook
Instructions To Install Anaconda and Run Jupyter Notebook
Download & Install Anaconda Distribution
Create Anaconda Environment
Install and Run Jupyter Notebook
Download & Install Anaconda Distribution
Follow the below step-by-step instructions to install Anaconda distribution.
Download Anaconda Distribution
Go to https://anaconda.com/ and select Anaconda Individual Edition to download
the latest version of Anaconda. This downloads the .exe file to the windows download
folder.
Install Anaconda
1
By double-clicking the .exe file starts the Anaconda installation. Follow the below
screen shot’s and complete the installation
2
3
4
This finishes the installation of Anaconda distribution, now let’s see how to create an
environment and install Jupyter Notebook.
Create Anaconda Environment from Navigator
A conda environment is a directory that contains a specific
collection of conda packages that you have installed. For
example, you may have one environment with NumPy 1.7 and its
dependencies, and another environment with NumPy 1.6 for legacy
testing. https://conda.io/docs/using/envs.html
Open Anaconda Navigator
Open Anaconda Navigator from windows start or by searching it.
Anaconda Navigator is a UI application where you can control the Anaconda
packages, environment e.t.c
5
Create an Environment to Run Jupyter Notebook
This is optional but recommended to create an environment before you proceed. This
gives complete segregation of different package installs for different projects you
would be working on. If you already have an environment, you can use it too.
6
select + Create icon at the bottom of the screen to create an Anaconda environment.
Install and Run Jupyter Notebook
Once you create the anaconda environment, go back to the Home page on Anaconda
7
Navigator and install Jupyter Notebook from an application on the right panel.
It will take a few seconds to install Jupyter to your environment, once the install
completes, you can open Jupyter from the same screen or by accessing Anaconda
Navigator -> Environments -> your environment (mine pandas-tutorial) -> select
Open With Jupyter Notebook.
This opens up Jupyter Notebook in the default browser.
8
Now select New -> PythonX and enter the below lines and select Run. On Jupyter, each
cell is a statement, so you can run each cell independently when there are no
dependencies on previous cells.
This completes installing Anaconda and running Jupyter Notebook.
9
RESULT:
Thus Jupyter Notebook environment has been successfully installed with all the necessary
packages using Anaconda distribution.
Ex. No 2 Working with Numpy arrays
Aim
To implement array object using Numpy module in Python programming
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Read the elements through list/tuple/dictionary
Step 4: Convert List/tuple/dictionary into array using built-in methods
Step 5: Check the number of dimensions in an array
Step 6: Compute the shape of an array or if it’s required reshape an array
Step 7: Do the required operations like slicing, iterating, searching, concatenating and
splitting an array element.
Step 8: Stop the program
(i) Create a NumPy ndarray Object Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr) print(type(arr))
Output
[1 2 3 4 5]
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
10
(ii) Dimensions in Arrays
0-D Arrays Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array(42)
print(arr)
Output
42
1-D Arrays Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr) Output
[1 2 3 4 5]
2-D Arrays Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) print(arr)
Output
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
3-D arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])
print(arr)
Output
[[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]]
11
(iii) Check Number of Dimensions?
Program
import numpy as np a
= np.array(42)
b = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) c =
np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
d = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])
print(a.ndim) print(b.ndim)
print(c.ndim) print(d.ndim)
Output
0
1
2
3
(iv) Access Array Elements
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) print(arr[0])
Output
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) print(arr[2]
+ arr[3])
Output
(v) Slicing arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(arr[1:5]) Output
12
[2 3 4 5]
(vi) NumPy
Array Shape Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]]) print(arr.shape)
Output
(2, 4)
(vii) Reshaping
arrays Program import
numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
newarr = arr.reshape(4, 3) print(newarr)
Output
[[ 1 2 3]
[ 4 5 6]
[ 7 8 9]
[10 11 12]]
(viii) Iterating Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
for x in arr: print(x)
Output
1
2
13
(ix) Joining NumPy Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3]) arr2 =
np.array([4, 5, 6]) arr =
np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))
print(arr)
Output
[1 2 3 4 5 6]
(x) Splitting NumPy Arrays
Program import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
newarr = np.array_split(arr, 3)
print(newarr)
Output
[array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]), array([5, 6])]
(xi) Searching Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4])
x = np.where(arr == 4) print(x)
Output
(array([3, 5,
6]),)
(xii) Sorting Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([3, 2, 0, 1]) print(np.sort(arr))
Output
[0 1 2 3]
14
RESULT:
Thus Array object has been explored using Numpy module in Python programming
successfully.
Exp. No. 3. Working with Pandas data frames
Aim:
To work with DataFrame object using Pandas module in Python Programming
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Create a DataFrame using built in method.
Step 4: Load data into a DataFrame object otherwise Load Files(excel/csv) into a
DataFrame
Step 5: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in method.
Step 6: Display the last 5 rows of the DataFrame.
Step 7: Check the number of maximum returned rows
Step 8: Stop the program
15
(i) Create a simple Pandas DataFrame:
Program
import pandas as pd
data = {
"calories": [420, 380, 390],
"duration": [50, 40, 45]
}
#load data into a DataFrame object:
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df) Output
calories duration
0 420 50
1 380 40
2 390 45
(ii) Locate Row Program
print(df.loc[0])
Output
calories 420
duration 50
Name: 0, dtype: int64 Note: This example
returns a Pandas Series.
(iv )use a list of indexes:
Program
print(df.loc[[0, 1]])
16
Output calories
duration
0 420 50
1 380 40
Note: When using [], the result is a Pandas DataFrame.
(v) Named Indexes Program
import pandas as pd data
={
"calories": [420, 380, 390],
"duration": [50, 40, 45]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index = ["day1", "day2", "day3"]) print(df)
Output calories
duration
day1 420 50
day2 380 40
day3 390 45
(vi) Locate Named Indexes
print(df.loc["day2"])
Output
calories 380
duration 40
Name: 0, dtype: int64
(vii) Load Files Into a
DataFrame Program
17
import pandas as pd df =
pd.read_csv('data.csv')
print(df)
Output
Duration Pulse Maxpulse Calories
0 60 110 130 409.1
1 60 117 145 479.0
2 60 103 135 340.0
3 45 109 175 282.4
4 45 117 148 406.0
.. ... ... ... ...
164 60 105 140 290.8
165
60 110 145 300.4
166
60 115 145 310.2
167
75 120 150 320.4
168 75 125 150 330.4
[169 rows x 4 columns]
(viii) Check the number of maximum returned rows:
Program
import pandas as pd
print(pd.options.display.max_rows)
In my system the number is 60, which means that if the DataFrame contains more
than 60 rows, the print(df) statement will return only the headers and the first and
last 5 rows.
import pandas as pd
pd.options.display.max_rows = 9999
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
print(df)
18
(ix) Viewing the Data Program import pandas as pd df =
pd.read_csv('data.csv') print(df.head(4))
Output
Duration Pulse Maxpulse Calories
0 60 110 130 409.1
1 60 117 145 479.0
2 60 103 135 340.0
3 45 109 175 282.4
4 45 117 148 406.0
(x) Print the last 5 rows of the DataFrame:
print(df.tail()) print(df.info())
Output
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 169 entries, 0 to 168
Data columns (total 4 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
0 Duration 169 non-null int64
1 Pulse 169 non-null int64
2 Maxpulse 169 non-null int64
3 Calories 164 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(3)
memory usage: 5.4 KB
None
RESULT:
Thus DataFrame object using Pandas module in Python Programming has been successfully
explored
19
Exp. No. 4. Reading data from text files, Excel and the web and exploring various
commands for doing descriptive analytics on the Iris data
set.
Aim:
To perform descriptive analytics on Iris dataset using Python programming
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Load Files(excel/csv/ text) into a DataFrame from Iris data set
Step 4: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in methods
Step 5: Compare Petal Length and Petal Width
Step 6: Visualize the data set using histogram with distplot, heatmaps box
plots methods
Step 7: Check Missing Values, Duplicates and remove outliers
Step 8: Stop the program
Program
import pandas as pd #
Reading the CSV file df =
pd.read_csv("Iris.csv") #
Printing top 5 rows
df.head()
Output:
20
Getting Information about the Dataset
df.shape Output:
(150, 6) df.info()
Output
df.describe()
Checking Missing Values
df.isnull().sum()
Checking Duplicates
21
data = df.drop_duplicates(subset ="Species",) data
Output
df.value_counts("Species")
Data Visualization
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.countplot(x='Species',
data=df, ) plt.show()
22
Comparing Sepal Length and Sepal Width
# importing packages import seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.scatterplot(x='SepalLengthCm', y='SepalWidthCm',
hue='Species', data=df, )
# Placing Legend outside the Figure plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1,
1), loc=2)
plt.show()
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.pairplot(df.drop(['Id'], axis = 1),
hue='Species', height=2)
Output:
23
Histograms
Program
# importing packages import seaborn as
sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, axes
= plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10,10))
axes[0,0].set_title("Sepal Length")
axes[0,0].hist(df['SepalLengthCm'], bins=7)
axes[0,1].set_title("Sepal Width")
axes[0,1].hist(df['SepalWidthCm'], bins=5)
axes[1,0].set_title("Petal Length")
axes[1,0].hist(df['PetalLengthCm'], bins=6)
axes[1,1].set_title("Petal Width")
axes[1,1].hist(df['PetalWidthCm'], bins=6)
24
Output:
Histograms with Distplot Plot
Program
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plot = sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species")
plot.map(sns.distplot, "SepalLengthCm").add_legend() plot
= sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species") plot.map(sns.distplot,
"SepalWidthCm").add_legend() plot = sns.FacetGrid(df,
hue="Species") plot.map(sns.distplot,
"PetalLengthCm").add_legend() plot = sns.FacetGrid(df,
hue="Species") plot.map(sns.distplot,
"PetalWidthCm").add_legend() plt.show()
25
Output:
Handling Correlation
data.corr(method='pearson')
Output:
26
Heatmaps
Program
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.heatmap(df.corr(method='pearson').drop(
['Id'], axis=1).drop(['Id'], axis=0),
annot = True);
plt.show()
Output:
Box Plots
Program
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
27
matplotlib.pyplot as plt def
graph(y):
sns.boxplot(x="Species", y=y, data=df) plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
# Adding the subplot at the specified
# grid position
plt.subplot(221)
graph('SepalLengthCm')
plt.subplot(222)
graph('SepalWidthCm')
plt.subplot(223)
graph('PetalLengthCm')
plt.subplot(224)
graph('PetalWidthCm')
plt.show() Output:
28
Program
# importing packages import
seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load the dataset df =
pd.read_csv('Iris.csv')
sns.boxplot(x='SepalWidthCm', data=df)
Output:
29
Removing Outliers
Program #
Importing
import sklearn
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
import pandas as pd import seaborn as
sns # Load the dataset df =
pd.read_csv('Iris.csv')
# IQR
Q1 = np.percentile(df['SepalWidthCm'], 25, interpolation
= 'midpoint')
Q3 = np.percentile(df['SepalWidthCm'], 75,
interpolation = 'midpoint') IQR = Q3 - Q1
print("Old Shape: ", df.shape) # Upper
bound
upper = np.where(df['SepalWidthCm'] >= (Q3+1.5*IQR))
# Lower bound
lower = np.where(df['SepalWidthCm'] <= (Q1-1.5*IQR))
# Removing the Outliers df.drop(upper[0],
inplace = True) df.drop(lower[0], inplace =
True) print("New Shape: ", df.shape)
30
sns.boxplot(x='SepalWidthCm', data=df)
Output:
RESULT:
Thus Iris dataset has been explored and descriptively analysed using Python programming
Exp. No. 5. Use the diabetes data set from UCI and Pima Indians Diabetes data
set for performing the following:
Aim:
To perform various exploratory data analysis on Pima Indians Diabetes dataset using Python
Programming
a. Univariate analysis: Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance,
Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis.
b. Bivariate analysis: Linear and logistic regression modeling
31
c. Multiple Regression analysis
d. Also compare the results of the above analysis for the two data sets.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Load Files (excel/csv/ text) into a Data Frame from UCI and Pima Indians Diabetes
data set
Step 4: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in methods
Step 5: Compute Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation,
Skewness and Kurtosis
Step 6: Visualize the data set using histogram with distplot, heatmaps
box plots methods
Step 7: Check Missing Values, Duplicates and remove outliers using built in method
Step 8: Stop the program
Program import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline from sklearn.linear_model import
LogisticRegression from sklearn.externals import joblib df =
pd.read_csv('C:/Users/praveen/Downloads/diabetes.csv') count
= df['Glucose'].value_counts() display(count)
df.head()
32
df.describe()
df.mean()
df.mode()
df.var()
df.std()
33
df.skew()
Pregnancies 0.901674
Glucose 0.173754
BloodPressure -1.843608
SkinThickness 0.109372
Insulin 2.272251
BMI -0.428982
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 1.919911
Age 1.129597
Outcome 0.635017 dtype: float64
df.kurtosis()
Pregnancies 0.159220
Glucose 0.640780
BloodPressure 5.180157
SkinThickness -0.520072
Insulin 7.214260
BMI 3.290443
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 5.594954
Age 0.643159
Outcome -1.600930 dtype: float64
corr = df.corr() sns.heatmap(corr,
xticklabels=corr.columns,
yticklabels=corr.columns)
34
sns.countplot('Outcome', data=df) plt.show()
# Computing the %age of diabetic and non-diabetic in the sample
Out0=len([df.Outcome==1])
Out1=len([df.Outcome==0])
Total=Out0+Out1
PC_of_1 = Out1*100/Total PC_of_0 =
Out0*100/Total
PC_of_1, PC_of_0
(50.0, 50.0)
35
plt.figure(dpi = 120,figsize= (5,4)) mask = np.triu(np.ones_like(df.corr(),dtype =
bool)) sns.heatmap(df.corr(),mask = mask, fmt = ".2f",annot=True,lw=1,cmap =
'plasma') plt.yticks(rotation = 0) plt.xticks(rotation = 90) plt.title('Correlation
Heatmap') plt.show()
36
RESULT:
Thus various exploratory data analysis has been performed on Pima Indians Diabetes
dataset using Python Programming successfully.
Exp. No. 6. Apply and explore various plotting functions on UCI data sets.
a. Normal curves
b. Density and contour plots
c. Correlation and scatter plots
d. Histograms
e. Three dimensional plotting
Aim:
To apply various plotting functions on UCI data set using Python Programming
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Load Files (excel/csv/ text) into a Data Frame from UCI data set
Step 4: Describe the data set using built in method
Step 5: Compute Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation,
Step 6: Visualize the data set using Explore various plotting functions on UCI data sets for
the following
a. Normal curves
b. Density and contour plots
c. Correlation and scatter plots
d. Histograms
e. Three-dimensional plotting
Step 7: Analyse the sample data and do the required operations Step 8:
Stop the program
a. Normal curves Program
import pandas as pd import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt import
numpy as np
37
df=pd.read_csv("C:/Users/praveen/Downloads/dataset_diabetes/diabetic_data.cs v")
df.head() mean
=df['time_in_hospital'].mean() std
=df['time_in_hospital'].std() x_axis =
np.arange(1, 10, 0.01) plt.plot(x_axis,
norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, std)) plt.show()
Output
b. Density and contour plots
Program
df.time_in_hospital.plot.density(color='green')
plt.title('Density plot for time_in_hospital') plt.show()
38
df.num_lab_procedures.plot.density(color='green')
plt.title('Density Plot for num_lab_procedures')
plt.show()
df.num_medications.plot.density(color='green')
plt.title('Density Plot for num_medications') plt.show()
39
Output
Program
# for 'tip' attribute # using plot.kde()
df.number_emergency.plot.kde(color='green')
plt.title('KDE-Density plot for number_emergency')
plt.show()
40
Output
Program
def func(x, y):
return np.sin(x) ** 2 + np.cos(y) **2 #
generate 50 values b/w 0 a5 mean
=df['time_in_hospital'].mean() std
=df['time_in_hospital'].std() x =
np.linspace(0, mean) y = np.linspace(0,
std)
# Generate combination of grids
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = func(X, Y)
# Draw rectangular contour plot plt.contour(X, Y,
Z, cmap='gist_rainbow_r');
41
Output
c. Correlat
ion and
scatter
plots
Program
mp.figure(figsize=(20,10)) dataplot = sb.heatmap(data.corr(),
cmap="YlGnBu", annot=True)
Output
42
Output
43
d. Histograms Program
df.hist(figsize=(12,12),layout=(5,3))
Output
# plotting histogram for carat using distplot()
sb.distplot(a=df.num_lab_procedures, kde=False) #
visualizing plot using matplotlib.pyplot library
plt.show()
Output
44
e. Three dimensional
plotting Program
fig = plt.figure() ax = plt.axes(projection =
'3d') x = df['number_emergency'] x =
pd.Series(x, name= '') y =
df['number_inpatient'] y = pd.Series(x,
name= '') z = df['number_outpatient'] z =
pd.Series(x, name= '') ax.plot3D(x, y, z,
'green') ax.set_title('3D line plot diabetes
dataset') plt.show()
Output
45
RESULT:
Thus apply various plotting functions on UCI data set using Python Programming Exp.
No. 7. Visualizing Geographic Data with Basemap
Aim:
To visualize Geographic Data using BaseMap module in Python Programming
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program
46
Step 2: Import the required packages
Step 3: Visualize Geographic Data with Basemap
Step 4: Display the Base map using built in method like basemap along with latitude
and longitude parameters
Step 5: Display the Coastal lines meters and Country boundaries using built in
methods
Step 6: Fill the Coastal lines meters and Country boundaries with suitable colours
Step 7: Create a global map with a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection, Orthographic
Projection, Robinson Projection
Step 8: Stop the program
Create a global map with a Ortho Projection
Program
%matplotlib inline import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from
mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8)) m = Basemap(projection='ortho',
resolution=None, lat_0=50, lon_0=-100)
m.bluemarble(scale=0.5);
Output
47
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
m = Basemap(projection='lcc', resolution=None,
width=8E6, height=8E6, lat_0=45, lon_0=-100,)
m.etopo(scale=0.5, alpha=0.5) # Map
(long, lat) to (x, y) for plotting x, y =
m(-122.3, 47.6) plt.plot(x, y, 'ok',
markersize=5) plt.text(x, y, ' INDIA',
fontsize=12); Output
48
-
Create a global map with a Coastlines Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12)) m
= Basemap()
m.drawcoastlines()
plt.title("Coastlines", fontsize=20) plt.show()
49
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12))
m = Basemap()
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.0, linestyle='dashed', color='red') plt.title("Coastlines",
fontsize=20)
plt.show()
Create a global map with a Country boundaries
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12))
50
m = Basemap()
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.0, linestyle='solid', color='black')
m.drawcountries() plt.title("Country
boundaries", fontsize=20) x, y = m(-122.3,
47.6) plt.plot(x, y, 'ok', markersize=5)
plt.text(x, y, ' INDIA', fontsize=12);
plt.show()
Output
Create a global map with a Mercator Projection
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8))
m = Basemap(projection='merc',llcrnrlat=-80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-
180,urcrnrlon=180)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue') plt.title("Mercator
Projection", fontsize=20)
51
Output
Create a global map with a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8)) m = Basemap(projection='cyl',llcrnrlat=-
80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-180,urcrnrlon=180) m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue') plt.title("
Cylindrical Equidistant Projection", fontsize=20)
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Output
Create a global map with Orthographic Projection
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8)) m =
Basemap(projection='ortho', lon_0 = 25, lat_0 = 10)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue') plt.title("Orthographic
Projection", fontsize=18)
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Output
Create a global map with a Robinson Projection
Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8)) m = Basemap(projection='robin',llcrnrlat=-
80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-180,urcrnrlon=180, lon_0 = 0, lat_0 = 0)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue')
plt.title(" Robinson Projection", fontsize=20)
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Output
RESULT
Thus Geographic Data has been visualized using BaseMap module in Python
Programming successfully.
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