Compiled by Engr.

Majid Khan

Contents
TRANSFER FUNCTION & MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEM .......................................... 2
FEED BACK STABILITY AND GAIN ............................................................................................................ 2
TRANSIENT RESPONSE ............................................................................................................................ 4
BASIC OPEN & CLOSE LOOP SYSTEMS..................................................................................................... 4
ANALOGIES.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Compiled by Engr. Majid Khan

TRANSFER FUNCTION & MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEM

1. Transfer function is used to calculate: output for a given input
2. Output variables are known as: Dependent variables.
3. If the gain of transfer function K=0, the locus roots are: Open loop poles
4. Addition of poles in a transfer function causes: Lag compensation
5. Purpose of transfer function is to decide: System is stable BIBO
6. Bounded input bounded output stability is a form of stability for linear signals and
systems that take inputs
7. Addition of zero in a transfer function causes: Lead compensation
8. A unit ramp function when integrated gives: unit parabolic function
9. State variable analysis is used for the model of which type of system? Linear, Non-
Linear, Time invariant, Time variant, All.
10. Open loop transfer function, G(s)=(s+2)/(s-2): all pass filter
11. When all the terms in a row of Routh array are zero, the characteristic equation has
roots on: Imaginary axis.
12. ROC converges if poles and zeros lie inside: Z=1
13. At breakaway point, several branches of root loci coalesce because system
characteristics equation has: Several roots.
14. Location of poles of a system gives info about: Peak time, percent overshoot and
settling time.
15. Horizontal line in the S-Plane represent line of: Constant Peak time
16. Vertical lines on the S-Plane are for: Poles

FEED BACK STABILITY AND GAIN

1. The main drawback of feedback system is Instability.
2. A linear time-invariant system is marginally stable if the natural response neither
decays nor grows but remains constant or oscillates as time approaches infinity.
3. If all the poles and zeros are inside the unit circle then, Both the system and its inverse
are causal and stable.
4. Addition of poles to the transfer function has the effect of pulling the root locus to the
right, making the system less stable
Compiled by Engr. Majid Khan

5. Addition of zeros to the transfer function has the effect of pulling the root locus to the
left, making the system more stable.
6. The transportation delay in a distributed system causes reduced stability because it
produces: Phase lag
7. Gain Margin: Indicates absolute stability.
8. Phase Margin: Indicates relative stability.
9. The Routh array method helps to find stability of control system from the coefficients
of the equation.
10. Asymptotic stability of a control system is determined by: Eigen values
11. If a zero appears in first column of Routh table, the system is: Necessarily Unstable
12. Identify the open loop transfer function that is not stable for all the values of gain K:
k(s+1)
∅= (s+2)(−s+4)

13. The stability of a general dynamical system with no input can be described with:
Lyapunov stability.
14. Which of the following should be done to make an unstable system stable? The gain
of the system should be increased to make an unstable system stable
15. Feedback can cause a system that is originally stable to become: Either more stable or
unstable.
16. In control system with feedback: System stability increases and gain decreases.
17. Which system needs more stability? Motor with position control
18. A system with characteristic equation 𝑠4+3𝑠3+6𝑠2+12=0: Unstable
19. What type of controller used for stability and speed consideration: PID
20. If positive feedback gain is received by a controller from a sensor, then overall gain of
system will: decrease
21. In closed loop control system feedback strategy is: Error driven
22. On which of the following factors does the sensitivity of a closed loop system to gain
changes & load disturbances depend? Frequency, Loop gain, Forward gain. All of
these.
23. Which of the following statements is correct for any closed loop system? Only one of
the static error coefficients has a finite non-zero valve
Compiled by Engr. Majid Khan

24. In position control system, the device used for providing rated feedback voltage is
called: Tacho-generator.
25. ROCOF feature is used in relays to keep system within stability limits in case of major
disturbance. ROCOF stands for: rate of change of frequency
26. In terms of circuit components, what does the term pole refer to? A single RC Circuit
27. In a 4 Quadrant operation of an electric machine drive, the 2nd quadrant is: Forward
Braking
28. B.W. can be increased by using phase lead.
29. Steady state error can be reduced using phase lag

TRANSIENT RESPONSE
1. Natural frequency response of a system gives: Oscillations. (System is in normal mode)
2. Output occurring due to only input with zero initial conditions is called: zero state
response (natural)
3. If a system is critically damped and the gain is increased, then the system becomes:
under damped
4. Under damped system have: 0<Damping ratio <1
5. If damping ratio is in btw 0 and 1, the poles locus forms: Semi circle
6. What is the fastest possible response without overshooting? Critically damped
7. Transient response of a system is due to: Stored energy
8. The transient response, with feedback system: Decays quickly
9. The time constant of a circuit is the time required for the response to decay to a factor
of how much percent of its initial value: 36.8%
10. The second derivative input signals modify which of the following? The time constant
and suppress the oscillations

BASIC OPEN & CLOSE LOOP SYSTEMS

1. In close loop transfer function variables are represented by: vectors
2. Which system used pressure as controlling element? Pneumatic system
Compiled by Engr. Majid Khan

3. In Pneumatic control system, the compensation is provided by: restriction-volume

combination
4. The pressure required to generate output signal for pneumatic controller is up to
20Psi Typically 3 to 15 Psi is used.
5. Automatic gain controller (AGC) voltage is applied to a stage which is: before the
detector stage
6. What can’t be used as an amplifier in control system? DC Motor
7. Excessive noise in a control system results in: saturation in amplifying stages.
8. Which of the following is a closed loop system? Autopilot of an aircraft
9. In open loop control system, input is independent of the output.
10. Field controlled D.C. motor is an open loop control system
11. In process control system there are 3 main terms or factors: Manipulated variable,
uncontrolled variable and Disturbance Variable.
12. A process control consists of 4 essential elements such as Process, Measurement,
Control and Evaluation.
13. To decrease the power in a control system we use: Open loop system
14. In control system non-Linearity caused by gear trains is: Backlash
15. In hydraulic control systems power is transmitted through: Fluid under pressure
16. In absolutely stable 2nd order control system: Setup automatically and get damped
out eventually
17. In a control system, usually a differentiator is not a part it because: It increase input
noise
18. The position and velocity error of the type 2 system is zero and a constant
19. A control system with excessive noise, is likely to suffer from: saturation in amplifying
stages
20. Which terminology deals with the excitation or stimulus applied to the system from an
external source for the generation of an output? Input signal
21. Control system working on unknown random actions is called: stochastic control
system
22. Correct sequence for a three-term controller: PID as well as PDI
Compiled by Engr. Majid Khan

ANALOGIES
1. In force-current analogy, mass is analogous to capacitance
2. Spring constant in force-voltage analogy is analogous to: Reciprocal of capacitance
3. In force-voltage analogy, inertia is analogous to Inductance.
4. In force-voltage analogy, mass is analogous to inductance