(CS305SAD)

System Analysis
& Design
EISHITA GUPTA
Course
NOTIONAL LEARNING
CREDITS: 04 MARKS : 100
HOURS: 120 hrs

Form Sum
L T P A L T P
ative mativ

Outcomes 30 15 30 45 2 1 1 40 60

NATURE & CONTEXT OF THE COURSE

Understand the fundamentals of system
The course System Analysis and Design equips students with
development life cycles (SDLC). essential skills to analyze, design, and implement effective
Analyze organizational needs and model system information systems. It combines theoretical foundations with

requirements effectively. practical methodologies like Agile and tools such as UML and
DFD. The course emphasizes problem-solving, system thinking,
Design system architectures and interfaces and prepares students for dynamic IT and business
using tools like DFD, ER diagrams, and UML environments.

diagrams.
PREREQUISITE
Evaluate and select appropriate systems, tools,
Basic knowledge of computer fundamentals, programming
and technologies for system implementation.
concepts, database management systems, and problem-
Demonstrate the ability to plan, manage, and solving techniques
document system analysis and design
processes.
 1. Overview of System Analysis and Design:
Definitions and Scope
2. Characteristics of Information Systems
3. Role of System Analyst in Organizations
Unit 1 4. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Phases
and Models
5. Approaches to System Development (Waterfall,
Agile, Spiral)
6. Tools and Techniques for System Analysis
 Case Breakdown
(Analysis/Synthesis)
scenario:
“Imagine your college library system currently uses paper registers to lend books. What parts
would you automate? What inputs and outputs would be involved?”
 TESTING
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
System
Lifecycle PLANNING
MAINTENANCE

IMPLEMENTATION
 Flowchart

DRAW A 2-STEP FLOWCHART FOR “LOGIN AND LOGOUT SYSTEM”

 Match the Concept
1. DFD
2. SDLC 1. A system designed to collect, process, store, and
distribute information.
3. IPO 2. A structured framework that describes phases for
4. IS developing an information system.
3. A model representing how data flows through a system:
5. SRS
→
input →
processing output
6. ERD 4. A visual representation of how items in a database
relate to each other
5. A visual representation of data flow in a system.
6. A formal document that captures what the system
should do.
System Systems Analysis and Design (5th Edition) — Dennis,
Wixom, Roth

Analysis
System analysis is the process of studying an
organization’s business processes, identifying
problems or opportunities, and determining
requirements for a new or improved system to
address them.

Modern Systems Analysis and Design (6th Edition)

— Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S.
Valacich

Systems analysis is the part of the systems

development life cycle (SDLC) that focuses on
understanding how the current system functions and
identifying the requirements for the new system.
System Systems Analysis and Design (5th Edition) — Dennis,
Wixom, Roth

Design
The process of translating system requirements into
a blueprint for constructing the system, including
architecture, interfaces, and data models.

Modern Systems Analysis and Design (6th Edition)

— Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S.
Valacich

Systems design is the phase that describes how the

system will fulfill the requirements identified during
systems analysis.
Systems
Analysis and
Design:
Core Concepts
Information systems
The world runs on information systems. Information systems form the foundation for every major
organizational activity and industry, from retail to healthcare to manufacturing to logistics.
Systems consist of computer hardware, software, networks, and the people who oversee their
operation and the people who use them.
Information systems analysis and design is the complex, challenging, and stimulating
organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and
maintain information systems.
An important (but not the only) result of systems analysis and design is application software,
software designed to support a specific organizational function or process, such as inventory
management, payroll, or market analysis.
 In addition to application software, the total information system
includes the hardware and systems software on which the application
DEFINITIONS software runs, documentation and training materials, the specific job
roles associated with the overall system, controls, and the people who
use the software along with their work methods.

Application software:
Information systems analysis and
design: Application software Software designed to process data
and support users in an organization. Examples include
The complex organizational Word Processing Software, Web Browsers, Multimedia
process whereby computer- Software, Communication Software, Gaming Software
based information systems are etc.
developed and maintained.
 Software
Methodologies are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems
development that will guide your work and influence the quality of your final product
—the information system. Most methodologies incorporate several development

engineering techniques.
Example: Waterfall, Agile, Spiral

process that Techniques are particular processes that you, as an analyst, will follow to help
ensure that your work is well thought out, complete, and comprehensible to others

leads to the
on your project team. Techniques provide support for a wide range of tasks,
including gathering information to determine what your system should do, planning
and managing the activities in a systems development project, diagramming the

creation of system’s logic, and designing the system’s interface and outputs. development that
will guide your work and influence the quality of your final product—the information

information
system. Most methodologies incorporate several development techniques.
Example: Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), Use Case
Diagram (UML)

systems Tools are typically computer programs that make it easy to use and benefit from
techniques and to faithfully follow the guidelines of the overall development
methodology.
In Simple Words
(Analogy)
Methodology =
The recipe or
guidebook (what
steps to follow)
Technique = The
cooking steps
(chop, boil, fry...)
Tool = The
kitchen
equipment (knife,
pan, stove)
Characteristics of Information Systems (IS)
Characteristic Explanation Example

1. Functional Support for IS helps organizations do their regular work A billing system in a supermarket calculates prices
Operations efficiently. and updates inventory.

2. Composed of IS includes hardware, software, data, people, and A school management system includes computers,
Interrelated Components networks working together. student data, teachers, etc.

3. Task-Specific Application Each IS is designed to solve a specific business Payroll system calculates salaries; Library system
Software problem or perform a task. manages book lending.

4. Developed Using SDLC IS is built step by step using structured Planning → Analysis → Design → Implementation →
Methodologies development processes like SDLC. Maintenance.

5. Human Interaction & IS includes the people who use it and their job In a hospital system, doctors, nurses, and admins all
Role Integration roles and responsibilities. use the same system.

6. Built Using Techniques & Analysts use diagrams, charts, and tools to create Using DFDs, ER Diagrams, and tools like MS Visio or
Tools systems correctly and clearly. MySQL.

7. Adaptive & Evolvable IS must be regularly updated to meet new A university adds online payment and mobile app
System business or user needs. support to its portal.
Role of System Analyst in Organizations
Role Definition Real-World Example
Focuses on how technology (information Designs a new online booking system for a
1. Systems Analyst
systems) can improve business processes. hotel that speeds up room allocation and
Focuses on the business side—figures out what Suggests creating a mobile app for a retail
2. Business Analyst
changes the business needs and how IT can store to improve customer orders and
3. Requirements Talks to users and stakeholders to understand Interviews teachers and students to find
Analyst exactly what they need from the system what features a university exam system
4. Infrastructure Focuses on technical setup—hardware, Ensures the new hospital software works
Analyst networks, databases. Ensures the system fits properly with their servers, Wi-Fi, and
5. Change Helps users adapt to the new system, provides Trains bank employees on how to use a
Management training, documentation, and deals with new online loan processing system and
Plans and oversees the entire project—makes Tracks the development of a new e-
6. Project Manager
sure it finishes on time, within budget, and learning platform, manages deadlines,
7. Software Takes a big-picture view of the organization’s Decides how a company's mobile app,
Architect (senior entire IT setup and guides system design website, and internal tools should all work
Systems Analyst Skills
Major Skill Area Definition How to improve them

- Learn basic programming (Python, C, Java)

Understanding how computer
1. Technical - Study database concepts (MySQL, ER diagrams)
systems, networks, software, and
Skills - Explore networking basics
databases work together. - Do lab assignments using system design tools
- Analyze real-world case studies (banking, retail,
Knowing how IT can solve business education)
2. Business
problems and improve work - Join workshops on business applications of IT
Skills
processes. - Create flowcharts of business processes
- Attend industry guest lectures

- Practice creating DFDs and flowcharts

Solving problems by thinking
3. Analytical - Solve logic puzzles and system case scenarios
logically and breaking things down
Skills - Use tools like Lucidchart or Draw.io
into parts.
- Participate in system design assignments
Systems Analyst Skills

- Practice giving presentations

Communicating well with users,
- Do group projects or roleplay as “analyst & client”
4. Interpersonal Skills classmates, and teams—both technical
- Write clear documentation or reports
and non-technical.
- Participate in classroom discussions

- Create a mini project plan using Gantt charts

Managing time, people, tasks, and
- Take leadership in group projects
5. Management Skills handling stress or unclear situations in
- Use to-do lists or apps (like Trello) to manage tasks
projects.
- Learn basic project management terms

- Discuss classroom ethics scenarios (e.g., data misuse)

Acting honestly, protecting sensitive - Sign an honesty pledge during projects
6. Ethical Skills
information, and being responsible. - Learn about data privacy (like GDPR basics)
- Respect confidentiality in peer work
 QUESTION: Develop a short BEING AN
plan that describes how you will ANALYST

prepare for your career as an

analyst

Suppose you decide to become an analyst after you graduate. What type of
analyst would you most prefer to be? What type of courses should you take
before you graduate? What type of summer job or internship should you
seek?
 SPOTLIGHT ON ETHICS
James is a systems analyst on a new James is uncomfortable with the request.
account management system for He is not sure the bank has the right to use
Hometown National Bank. At a recent a person’s data for purposes other than the
meeting with the project sponsor, original intent. Who “owns” this data, the
James learned about some new ideas bank that collected it as a part of a
for the system that were not a part of customer opening an account, or the
the original project scope. Specifically, customer who the data describes? Should
the bank’s marketing director has James insist that the customers give
asked that some of the data that will authorization to use “their” data in this way?
be collected by the new system from Or should he say nothing and ignore the
customers who open new checking issue? Is it necessary (or appropriate) for a
and savings accounts also be used as systems analyst to be an ethical watchdog
the basis of a marketing campaign for in a systems develop?
various loan products the bank offers.