Apa itu Inversion?

Inversion, atau pembalikan, adalah perubahan urutan kata dalam sebuah kalimat. Biasanya,
dalam kalimat pernyataan, subjek mendahului kata kerja. Namun, dalam inversion, urutan ini
dibalik, sehingga kata kerja (atau bagian dari kata kerja) mendahului subjek.

Mengapa Kita Menggunakan Inversion?

Inversion umumnya digunakan untuk memberikan penekanan pada bagian awal kalimat,
menciptakan efek dramatis, atau mengikuti aturan tata bahasa tertentu setelah beberapa jenis
kata atau frasa.

Jenis-Jenis Inversion dan Contohnya:

Berikut adalah beberapa situasi umum di mana inversion digunakan:

1. Setelah Adverbia Negatif atau Pembatas di Awal Kalimat:

Adverbia negatif atau pembatas seperti never, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, no
sooner, little, only, not only, dan frasa yang mengandung no atau not di awal kalimat sering
diikuti oleh inversion.

 Normal: I had rarely seen such a beautiful sunset.

 Inversion: Rarely had I seen such a beautiful sunset. (Penekanan pada 'rarely')
 Normal: He not only speaks English fluently but also French.
 Inversion: Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French.
 Normal: They had no sooner arrived than it started to rain.
 Inversion: No sooner had they arrived than it started to rain.
 Normal: I understood little of what she was saying.
 Inversion: Little did I understand of what she was saying.

2. Setelah Frasa yang Mengandung "Only":

Ketika frasa yang dimulai dengan only berada di awal kalimat dan membatasi waktu, cara, atau
kondisi, inversion sering digunakan.

 Normal: I realized the problem only after I had spoken to her.

 Inversion: Only after I had spoken to her did I realize the problem.
 Normal: You can succeed only by working hard.
 Inversion: Only by working hard can you succeed.
 Normal: He felt comfortable only when he was alone.
 Inversion: Only when he was alone did he feel comfortable.

3. Setelah Adverbia Arah (Here, There, Away, Up, Down, In, Out):

Ketika adverbia arah berada di awal kalimat dan diikuti oleh kata kerja be, come, atau go,
inversion dapat terjadi. Jika subjek adalah kata ganti (pronoun), inversion biasanya tidak
digunakan.

 Normal: The bus is coming here.

 Inversion: Here comes the bus. (Subjek: the bus)
 Normal: They went out.
 Inversion: Out went they. (Subjek: they - inversion kurang umum)
 Lebih umum: Out they went.
 Normal: A cat was sitting on the roof.
 Inversion: On the roof sat a cat. (Subjek: a cat)
4. Dalam Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional Sentences) Tanpa "If":

Inversion: Pembalikan Urutan Kata dalam Kalimat

Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya, inversion adalah perubahan urutan kata dalam
kalimat, di mana kata kerja atau bagian dari kata kerja mendahului subjek. Tujuan utama
inversion adalah untuk memberikan penekanan, menciptakan efek dramatis, atau mengikuti
aturan tata bahasa setelah jenis kata atau frasa tertentu.

Kategori Inversion yang Lebih Rinci:

Mari kita telaah lebih lanjut berbagai situasi di mana inversion umum digunakan:

1. Inversion Setelah Adverbia Negatif atau Pembatas di Awal Kalimat:

Kelompok kata ini memberikan batasan atau penekanan negatif pada pernyataan. Ketika
diletakkan di awal kalimat, mereka seringkali diikuti oleh inversion.

 Adverbia Negatif: never, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely

o Normal: I have never seen such a storm.
o Inversion: Never have I seen such a storm.
o Normal: She rarely goes to the cinema.
o Inversion: Rarely does she go to the cinema.
o Normal: They had seldom experienced such kindness.
o Inversion: Seldom had they experienced such kindness.
o Normal: He hardly noticed her enter the room.
o Inversion: Hardly did he notice her enter the room.
o Normal: We had scarcely begun when the phone rang.
o Inversion: Scarcely had we begun when the phone rang.
o Normal: She barely managed to catch the train.
o Inversion: Barely did she manage to catch the train.
 Frasa yang Mengandung "No" atau "Not": no sooner...than, not only...but also, not
until, at no time, on no account, in no way
o Normal: They had no sooner left than the rain started.
o Inversion: No sooner had they left than the rain started.
o Normal: He not only speaks English but also German.
o Inversion: Not only does he speak English but he also speaks German.
o Normal: The truth was revealed not until many years later.
o Inversion: Not until many years later was the truth revealed.
o Normal: You must not leave the building at any time.
o Inversion: At no time must you leave the building.
o Normal: You are on no account to open this door.
o Inversion: On no account are you to open this door.
o Normal: This problem can in no way be ignored.
o Inversion: In no way can this problem be ignored.
 Adverbia Pembatas: little (ketika bermakna 'sedikit' dalam hal ide atau informasi)
o Normal: They knew little about the history of the region.
o Inversion: Little did they know about the history of the region.

Penting untuk diperhatikan: Jika adverbia negatif atau pembatas tidak berada di awal kalimat,
inversion biasanya tidak terjadi. * Contoh: He rarely goes to the cinema. (Tidak ada inversion)

2. Inversion Setelah Frasa yang Dimulai dengan "Only":

Frasa yang dimulai dengan only dan membatasi waktu, cara, atau kondisi sering diikuti oleh
inversion ketika berada di awal kalimat.
  only after, only by, only if, only when, only where, only with
o Normal: He understood the situation only after I explained it.
o Inversion: Only after I explained it did he understand the situation.
o Normal: You can achieve your goals only by working hard.
o Inversion: Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.
o Normal: The company can succeed only if it adapts to the market.
o Inversion: Only if it adapts to the market can the company succeed.
o Normal: She felt safe only when her mother was with her.
o Inversion: Only when her mother was with her did she feel safe.
o Normal: They found peace only where the river met the sea.
o Inversion: Only where the river met the sea did they find peace.
o Normal: The experiment can be conducted successfully only with precise
equipment.
o Inversion: Only with precise equipment can the experiment be conducted
successfully.

3. Inversion Setelah Adverbia Arah (Here, There, Away, Up, Down, In, Out):

Ketika adverbia arah berada di awal kalimat dan diikuti oleh kata kerja be, come, go, atau kata
kerja intransitif lainnya yang menunjukkan pergerakan, inversion dapat terjadi.

 Dengan Kata Kerja "be":

o Normal: The book is here.
o Inversion: Here is the book.
o Normal: The keys are there.
o Inversion: There are the keys.
 Dengan Kata Kerja Pergerakan:
o Normal: The children came in.
o Inversion: In came the children.
o Normal: The cat went up the tree.
o Inversion: Up went the cat.
o Normal: A strange figure appeared from behind the bushes.
o Inversion: From behind the bushes appeared a strange figure.

Penting untuk diperhatikan: Jika subjek adalah kata ganti (pronoun), inversion biasanya tidak
digunakan setelah adverbia arah. * Contoh: Here it is. (Bukan: Here is it.) * Contoh: Out they
went. (Lebih umum daripada: Out went they.)

4. Inversion dalam Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional Sentences) Tanpa "If":

Dalam beberapa jenis kalimat pengandaian, kata if dapat dihilangkan, dan inversion digunakan
dengan auxiliary verb.

 Tipe Pertama (Kemungkinan di masa depan): (Kurang umum, biasanya lebih formal)
o Normal: If you should need any help, please call me.
o Inversion: Should you need any help, please call me.
 Tipe Kedua (Tidak mungkin terjadi sekarang atau di masa depan):
o Normal: If I were a bird, I would fly away.
o Inversion: Were I a bird, I would fly away.
 Tipe Ketiga (Tidak terjadi di masa lalu):
o Normal: If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
o Inversion: Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

5. Inversion Setelah "So" dan "Neither/Nor":

Ketika so digunakan untuk menunjukkan kesamaan dengan pernyataan positif sebelumnya, atau
neither/nor digunakan untuk menunjukkan kesamaan dengan pernyataan negatif sebelumnya,
inversion terjadi.

 Dengan "So":
o Pernyataan 1: I am tired.
o Pernyataan 2 (kesamaan): So am I. (Bukan: So I am.)
o Pernyataan 1: She went to the party.
o Pernyataan 2 (kesamaan): So did he. (Bukan: So he did.)
 Dengan "Neither/Nor":
o Pernyataan 1: I don't like coffee.
o Pernyataan 2 (kesamaan): Neither do I. / Nor do I. (Bukan: Neither I do. / Nor
I do.)
o Pernyataan 1: He hasn't been to Paris.
o Pernyataan 2 (kesamaan): Neither has she. / Nor has she. (Bukan: Neither she
has. / Nor she has.)

6. Inversion dalam Pertanyaan (Interrogative Sentences):

Ini adalah bentuk inversion yang paling umum dan mendasar dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam
pertanyaan, auxiliary verb (atau kata kerja be) mendahului subjek.

 Normal: You are going to the market.

 Inversion (Pertanyaan): Are you going to the market?
 Normal: She can speak Spanish.
 Inversion (Pertanyaan): Can she speak Spanish?
 Normal: They have finished their work.
 Inversion (Pertanyaan): Have they finished their work?
 Normal: He likes pizza.
 Inversion (Pertanyaan): Does he like pizza?

7. Inversion dalam Kalimat Seru (Exclamatory Sentences) dengan "So" dan "Such":

Dalam beberapa kalimat seru yang dimulai dengan so atau such, inversion dapat digunakan
untuk memberikan penekanan.

 Dengan "So" (diikuti kata sifat atau adverbia):

o Normal: He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
o Inversion (seruan): So tired was he that he fell asleep immediately.
 Dengan "Such" (diikuti kata sifat + kata benda):
o Normal: It was such a beautiful painting that everyone admired it.
o Inversion (seruan): Such a beautiful painting was it that everyone admired it.
(Bentuk ini kurang umum dan terkesan sangat formal)
o Lebih umum (tanpa inversion): Such a beautiful painting it was!