CLASS BASED QUESTIONS

1. Functions

cos 20
»2y=e-e Hence, y=
2 sin x cos a
7. (d) f(x):
2 sin x sin a
= f(tan)=-tane

= cos 20. f(x) = cot a

1+ tan
It is aconstant function.
= 8x+3
. (b) fix +1)- f(x) 8. (c) f(e) = 2sec?0
[b(x+ 1 +c(x+1) +d]-(bx² +o+) -8x+3 Range of f’ [2, o)
(a) Let y = x*-x+4
(2b)x+(b+c)=8x+3
9. ’(y-1)x +(y+ 1)x +4y -4 =0
2-8 b+c=3 ’b=4, c=-1. x2+x+4
For x to be real, discriminant of the above quadratic
() Let x,X2 E K, then fx)=cos X1, fx2)= cos X, So equation should be greater thah or equal to zero
fx)=fxg) 3
ESyS
5 (y-1=0+y=1’=o which is valid)
coS X = COS X2
10. (c) [x] -5[x]+6 =0
x =Znr tx ’ [x] -3x]-2[x]+6 =0
X *X2 So it is not one-one. ’ xl((x]-3)- 2([x]-3) = 0
Again the value of f-image of x lies in between -1 to 1 » ((x- 3)(x]-2) =0
fAR] =f ):-1sf(x)s1) ’ x]=2, 3
So other numbers of co - domain (besides -1 and 1) is xe(2, 3]
not f-image f[R] e R, so it is also not onto. So this 11. (d) -1<-cos xs1
mapping isneither one-one nor onto. ’ 2s2cosxs2
4 (c) Function f:R ’R is defined by f(x)=e.Let ’ 1-2<1-2cOsx <1+2
’ 11-2cosx<3
X1,X ¬ R and f(x,)= fx) or e =e or X =X2
1
Thereforefis one-one. Let fx) = e =y Taking log 1-2cosx 3
on both sides, we get x = logy We know that negative
Range of
real numbers have no pre-image or the function is not
onto and zero is not the image of any real number.
Therefore function fis into. 12. (c) flx)=1+x?

5 ) We have
¬1/2
foy) =1+xy?
...()
f) fu) =i+iy - J1+x)1+y
From (), clearly f(x) is defined for those values of x
for which
-1+x' +y+xy
J1+xy sJi+x*+y'+ x'y?
flxy)s fe)fy).
13. (b) Let f(x) =Va-x2
’x-5x+4<0 (x-1)(x4) SO f(x) is defined, if a² -x²0
Hence, domain of thefunction is 1, 4] iLe. 1sxs4.
b) e' =y+l+
e-y=1+y (x-a)(x +a) s0
Squaring both the sides, (e -y =(1+y) -asxsa[: a> 0)
-2ye* =1+y' ’e-1= 2ye* Domain of f = [-a, a)
Math
 1
1 COS X
14. (a) f(x) =W4-x +. lim sin x
-1/x
(By L' Hospita>'s
nule
f(x) is defined, if 4-x>0 or x-1>0 cot x 2x
X-4<0 or (x+ 1)(x- 1) > 0
lim Iim tan x
lim
o.
xs4 or x<-1and x> 1
22. (c) Write p= lim(cos ecx)log
Domain of f =(-, -1)v(1,4]
log cos ec x lim
-cot x
15. (b) f(x) = 2-|x-5| or log p K0
lim X0 1/x
log x
f(x) is defined for all xeR
=-lim -lim
X0 sec x
-=1[By L' Hospital's mle
Domain of f(x) = R x0 tanx

|x-5|20-|x-5k0 p=e =1/e.

2-|x-5|<2 tan(x-1)
23. (a) x’1
lim x-1
f(x) s 2

Range of f=[-o, 2) = lim

2x sec (x-)-2.1 sec (0) =2-1-1 -2.
1

16. (0) fo =log lim fx) = lim

24. (a) Apply the L-Hospital's rule, *a g(x)
(x+2)5/3-(a+2)5/3
Aliter: lim
X-a
x+y
1+xy+x+y
1+| 1+xy - lim Xt
2 ) -(a+ 2)5/3
x+y
(x+2)-(a+2)
1+xy

1+ x+y
1+ xy 1+2+3+.....+ n
25. (b) We have, lim
1+xy x+y n²+100
1 1+ xy

17. (d) fog(x) = f{glx)} = eZlog x =x. =lim

n’
n(n + 1)
2(n + 100)
lim
100 )
)
18. (c) f:R’R, fx) =sinx and g:R’R, gx) = x2
fogx) = flglx)) = f(x2) = sin x2,
26. (a)
2. Limits
(n +1)
*cot x x cotx1+cos x lim lim 2
19. (c)
1-cos X 0l 1-cosx 1+cos x
lim +11
lim
(1+ cos x) = 2 2 n 2n

20. (a) lim log[(x-1)+]1.

X-1 = lim
n 6
Aliter: Apply L-Hospital's rule, fla))
28. (b) lim (@lgx)- gla)) - gla)f(x)-
lim log x
x1x-1 - lim 1. [x-al
-f(a)g'(a)-gla)fa) = 2x2 -(-1)(1) = 5.
xlogsinx = lim
log sin x Aliter: Applying L. Hospitals rule x’a
21. (b) lim X0 1/x
sx) fla)-fe) gla) 5.
 [1° +2+3° +....n°] cot 4x sin 3x
29. (c) lim 37. (b) We have, ocosec 3x lim
*0 tan4x
n
2
n(n + 1)
2
-3 lim,n-d
= lim
n
)
n’0

38. (a) We have, n

lim
0

n+
1)2
= lim
n>0
4n2 = lim
(-5)n(n-1)(n-2)
2
6n
1
lim
n>0 4
--2)
x cos x x cOsx
COS X -COS a - sin x 39. (a) lim lim
30. (c) lim = lim x’01- cOs X 2sin*
Xa COt x-cot a xa-cosecx 2
sin x lim sin x- sin x
= lim
Xa 1/ sin x, lim cos x=2-1=2.
2 X’0
lim
= lim sin x = sin a 2

(1+x-1 (1+x-1 (1+x-1

=1/x lim
31. (a) Let f(x) = log x’ f (x) 40. (a) x’0
lim X
- lim 1+ x)-1 x0 (1+x)-1
Therefore, given function = f'(a) + kf'(e) =1 (1+x -1"
(1+x-1"
lim (1 +x)-1 lim (1+x)-1
(1+x)-1
*0
1,-1k-e
a e
|: lim
limits. =n-(1- =n
Aliter: Apply L-Hospital's rule to find both the
ex-epx e-1-ex+1 1- cos 40 2sin 20
32. (d) lim = X’0
lim 41. (a) lim = lim
X0 X X 00 1- cos 60 6-0 2 sin 30

eBx-1 = a-1-B-1 =a-B.

[:1-cos 2 = 2sin 9)
e*-1
=a limn -B lim
X’0 a x x’0 Bx limS i n 2 0
sin 20 )2
-(20) 4 20
3-2n*14-5n+1 6-2^ -20-5 (202
= lim 2
33. (a) lim 5-2" +7-5n sin 30 (30)2
sin 30
5-2"+7-5" n->o
lim lim
8-0 (3O) 9030
5"(6-(2/5)" -20) 20
sin x
= lim
n-’0 5°(5-(2/5)" +7) 7 lim
X’0 x
=land x’ 0» kx’0
4
9
COsecx- cot x
m 42. (c) lim
x’0 X
34. (a) Let y= lim
COS X

lim Sin X SInx=lim 1-cos x

x’0 X x0 X sin x

2sin?X tan
2
35. (a) lim g(f(*)) =limg[f(x)] +1 =lim(sin"x +1) =l
X0 X lim
x’0
2 = lim
x0 X
x2 sin ,cos
36. () Applying L-Hospital's rule,
11 1-x tan
lim
i 1+logx--lim2+2x
1-2x +x² X
X = lim
x’1 2x(x-1) x’0

Again applying L-Hospital's rule, x’1

m 4x-2
Fun ons. Limits. tinuity and Differentiability | 131
 50. (c) m - o , . t

43- (d) lin sec x-2

K14 tan x-1 b=36

tanx-l fd=g-b. im f =2 >a-b=2

lim l+tan' x-2_ 51 (d) in
En4 tanx-1 4tan x-1 AB the given sets af a. b make fri continuous

im (tan x+1)(tan x-1) m (tanx+)»2 (2x x0

4 (tan x-1 4
52. (a) f)= x-|x|= (@r<0
From graph there is no discontinuty
44- (c) Limit = lim | sin x|
is continuous for -4z).
Aliter: For x> fr) =2r is a straigt
LHL - ---Im 1

Continuos
RHL = i m l Also, for x<0f)=0 is I-ais which
No, there is x=0 at which continuity tot
LHL RHL
checked
So, limít does not eist
-e* le-1)-e-1) x>Qf0)= m fx= m 2r=0
45- (c) y- m SuS X sin x
x<0 fO)= n fr= in 0=0
e-1,(e-1)
=lm Sin x -2. .
Aiso, fO=0 ’f0)=fO =fO)

fx) is continnous for xe .

Trick Applying L-Hospita>'s rue,
53- ( By definition of continuity, we know that
1
e-e e+e
Sin x
= m
COsX cos0 2. 3

xcOoSX+ sínx0 LHospital's

im fx)=4 a m3-h+Ã=-4
46. () in [Apply
3+2=4¬)=1
rule]
xsin x+OSX+ 0sx 0+l+1_
2x+sex 0+1 54 () k-2*1
55- () sin|x-0r=k
47. (d) lim `ogl+x* - lim 2log1 +x)
s6. (c)
=lm 2log.e=2
IIf)iscontinoons at r=0, then
Iim fx)= fO) =a =sin)
Aliter
sán x
Sinx 57. () LHL = RHL -f5)-15-8
sén x-tanx
48. (b) lim m
coSx-scx coSK 58. (d) We have, RHL= m fx=n
im cosh=l

sán xcs x-Sn im sin fcos x-1) LHL = m fur) =n (-os=-1

cax-1 -súnx
1-cosx-= 0. Since LH L=RHL
fix) is Dot continuous at x=0
3. Continuity 59- (a) By the definition af greatest integer functt
fa5) =15]-1 which is continaons
49. (a) Por continuíty LH.L = RH.L 6o. (d) A continoous function assuming
b-1f +o1)+4 =a1 +b must be constant function
b-a+4=0+b ’ 2a =4
’ a=2hence b=3. So, fux)=2.
 We
know that, iffand g be continuous functions, then
61. (d) 68. (b) Given that,
f+g is
continuous
(b) f-g is continuous.
(a) |1, whem x is rational
fx) =
(c) is continuous (d) is continuous at these 0, when x is irational

points, where g(x)

0. L.H.L. lim fx)= lim f(0-h) = 1
h

(:(0-h) is rational]
-+1 x²+2
g) 2
Here, 2x 4x R.H.L lim fx) lim f (0+h) = 1 [ (0+ h) is
fx)
which is discontinuous at x=0. rational)
Hence. LH.L. = R.H.L. = 1.
4-x? (4-x)
f(x) -
=4x-x x(4-x²)
62. (c) 4. Differentiability
4-x?
69. (a) Check by graph.
x(2-x*) x(2+x)(2-x)
sin |x|
Clearly, fx) is discontinuous at exactly three points
X=0, X=2 and x=2.
70. (d) Period of sinx and cosx is 2
6R. (a) fx) = cotx is continuous in R-{nn:ne Z)
COS X
71. (c) Possible graph of fx) is as
Since, fx) = cot x=
sin x
[since, sin x=0 at n,n e Z] shown. There are two sharp
turn,
Hence, f(x) = cot x is discontinuous on the set Hence f(x) cannot be
{x= na :neZ}. differentiable at two points

64 (a) fx)=x*sin where x+0 72. (d) Rf(2) = lim f(2+ h)-f(2)
h

Hence. value of the function f at x=0, so that it is 2(2+h)-1-(4-1)

= lim h
continuous at x =0 is o.
4+2h-1-3 =2 and
65- (a) f)=x(V-+1) = lim h

x(x-(x+ 1) -X
(2-h)-f(2)
f(x) = Lf(2) = lim = lim2-h+l-3_1
-h -h
Function is continuous in (0, o) Thus f(2) does not exist.
66. (c) Points are {-10, 1}. 73. (a) g(0) =0+0+...+0+1+0=1.
sin x, for x >0 74. (b) f°x)+g)+h)-3 f() g) Ax)
67. (e) Letf(x)=}|1-cosx, for x<0
=f(x) +g(x) +hx) -1+0+O =1.
We have, gx)=e* .. LH.L =gof)' f(0-h)
75. (b) We have Rf (1)=lim f1+h)-f)
h
- im 9O-h)}-fg f (h)}
h0 h = lim
h-+0
(1+h)-1}-03
= lim g{1-cos (0-h)} -g {1-cosh)}
-h Lf(1) = lim fl-h)- f(l) = lim
-h
((1-)-1}-0-1
-h
el-coshl-cosh RI (1) = Lf)
= lim =0 and RHL =(gof) f(0+h)
h
’ fx) is not differentiable at x=1.
= lim gif (0+h)}-gfh) Now, f(l +0) = im f(1 +h) =0
h0 h
esinhesin h
and f(l--0) = lim f(l - ) = 0
= lim g {sin h}-g {sin h} lim -=0
h h+0 h f(l +0) = f(l -0)= f(O)
f(x) is continuous at x =1.
LHL =RH.L.=0
Hence at x =1, f(x) is continuous and not
(gof)' (0) =0. differentiable.
 ant AQr0

that it sevemer t US t
at integet mitpies aNt*a

exists

exists p-l>0 or pi

2 Itpsl,then sl does ot exist

* ai N N N t t e r e n t i a b l e

78. (c) We have. Ar 0<pslisantinuous function at r=ohr

tdìtterentiable.
Clearly. fx is eoatauous and tterentiabie ir all
&1. (b)

Now lim fx= ime'-1,

im f = lim e=1
1and 2
Also, f0) ==l.Sa iiscontinuous for allx I=1,= 2is non ditterentiable.

=1
82. (c) Apphing LHospital Rule,
(LHD at x=0) fx+2f2)+3r(3r)+.....+201520250
irn

(RHD at x=0) 2x 2015 x 2016

-2015 x 2016
2
So fx) is not iterentiable at x=0 83- (c) Lt fx)=-f(-x)
Hence fix) =e is everywhere continuous but not ’ f=f-x)=f-)
differentiable at r=0 -3)=f3) =2
Aliter:
5. JEE Mains

Graph &4- (b)

So, there is a sharp point at r = 0 hence not Lt ge) =fg)) =x

differentiable

fl-=Iml-1-h
79. () LHL =im fx)= m sf)f)=l» g2= Fo
in0 l-1-+2h}= im {2h-} -0
RHL= Iim fx)=afl+h)= iml+1+h} [Applying Leibnitz's rule]

=Iim l+l+h +2h}=2

- r(0) =2+1=3 ’s'|2) =
LHL RHL

Not continuous at r= L
MeeheAS

irmits. Continuity and Diferentiabiity

 x2, g(x) =sin x
85. (a) fx) =
gof(x) = sin x ’ gogof(x) = sin(sin x2) 90. (b) log p= X+0+
lim log(1+ tan Sxj2x
fogogof)(x) =(sin(sin x) = sin (sin x²)
Now, sin (sin x) = sin(sin x) lim log(1 +tan? )
sin(sinx=0.1 X0+ 2x

sin x² =m, (4n+1); nel ogltan+tanx J,tand 2

lim
2 x->0+
sin x = 0 ’ x= n
x= tym; neW. -11
86. (b) f (x) =6x-30x+36 91. (c) lim (1- cos 2x?
x’0 2xtanx -x tan 2x
-6(-5x+6)
4 sin x
-6(x-2)(x-3) lim
X>0
2 tanx
f(x)is increasing in [o, 2] and decreasing in [2, 3] *2tanx - 1-tanx
f(x) is many one 4sin xx (1- tan x) sin x
lim +1
f(0) =1 x’0 2 tan x -2 tan x-2tan x X

f(2) =29 -2sin x(1- tan x)

lim
f(3) =28 X>0
tanx
Range is [1, 29] lim-2 cos x(1- tanx) =2.
X>0
Hence, f(x) is many -one-onto 2x

lim (1-cos2x) sin 5x =

87. (a) X0 lim 2sin2 xsin 5x g2. (6) e =lim 4k| 1+ X
x2 sin 3x x2 sin 3x
x-4
2x
sin 5x lim| 1+2
= lim
2 sin x X
X’0 sin 3x
X
= lim||1+
2x5 10
3 3
88. (c) xlim0 (1-cosx 2x)(3
tan4x
+ cos x)

(3 + cos x) 2a =3’a=
2
= lim
2 sinx sin 4x cos 4x
=2
x’0 4x 4
93. (a) f:R
89. (b)
flx) = 1+?:xeR

S:f)=f(-x)
...) f()=(+*)1-r2x -(*+1)(x-1)
(1+*}
...() sign of f' (x)

()-2x()-3f(x) =3x -X-fx)=-x

X
X=-1 =1
Now f(x) = f(-x)

2-x=-+x
1

2=x
x=tV2 From diagram, it is clear that it is surjective but not
injective.
Exactly two elements.
Functions. Limits inuity ifforenthabilitv | 135
 2a
f"x) = 6x +
sx) =6
a=f(1)= 3+ 2a+b
94. (a) lim
X’0*

2a-b=-12
lim x b=f"= 12+ 2a >
X0*
=-5,b=9
C= f"(3) ’ C=6 and a
x-5x+2x+6

’ f(x) =
lim
(1+2+3+...+15 15x16120.
2
f(2) = 8-20+4+6=-2.

x’0* 15
[n+1if nis odd
95. (b) gn) = n-1if niseven
99. (a)
2x
1- flg(1)) =f(2) =1
2x
flg(2)) = f(1) = 1

s g ) ) is many
one
..
x-2fx). flg(2k)) = f(2k-
1) =k
= k+1
fg(2k +1))=f2k+ 2)
96. (d) hlJof(x)) = sx) .". fg)) is onto.
’ 1-J{(x))= f (x) X ’ y+yx =x
100. (d) y=1.2
1-)-J-I yx-x+y = 0
Case-I:y 0, D>0,
1
1_ Jx)= sl*).
Jx)=I1-x 1-4y >0 ye22
x

flx,) Case-II: y= 0 ’X=0

97. (d) or injectivity flx) =
2x1
-1 Hencerangeof y i s - .
(0, co), x=1f will not have any
in
2x
will never 101. (d) Asthe domain is
Hence f(x) is injective. Now
f(x)=
x-1 if we discard the solution is
2n hence it is not
attain value of the formn n-TeN,

surjective.
Aliter:
2

2
<0vxe R y=1-X1.
fs)=-1
hence f(x) isstrictly decreasing
f(x) is one-one
Now lim f(x) = 0

lim f(x) =2

Range of flx) is (0,2) = R

Hence into function.

+c
98. (b) fx) =x°+ ax? +bx
f(x) =3x+ 2ax +b many one and onto. Mathemsti
102. (d) fk)
1- y (say) ’20+1 16
’a=3
107. (d) g(S) -(-2,2]
xl+y) =y f(s(S)) =[0,4] =S
f(S) -[0,16]» f(g(S)) f(S)
1+y
ye(-o, -1)v[0, o) s(/(S) =[4,4] =g(S)
Therefore, g(f(S)) S
Hence set Ashould be R-[-1 01.
1 108.(b) flgx))=log(sin(sin (e)
103. (a)fx) = -4 +log,o(x-x)
= logle*) = -x
For domain x-4 #0 xeR-{-2, 2) f(g(x))' 1
& x-x>0 Now flgla)) = -a =b
x(x-1)(x+1)> 0 and f(gx))' at x =a is -1=a
.xe-1, 0)(1,) Now aa-ba -a=-a-(-a)a+1=1.
109. (c) Using rationalization
.:. Domain: xe-10)1, 2)u(2, o). 1+1+y-V2 J+yi+y +2
lim
104. (c) x) = (ho(fog)(x) = h(tan x) y’0 y Ji+yy +2
1 J1+y +1
1+ tan x -tan = lim
y-’0 y*

11z 1 1
= tan = lim
12 y’0
i+1+y+2 i+y+1
105 (b) by putting value of limit >
1 Aliter: Using L.H. rule
ok(x+y)+k(*-y)
So +aty 1 4y
1 (L.H.) y0
lim 2/1+1+y 2x1+y 1
4y 4N2
110. (a) lim x(x+)sin[x]
-la+a")Na +a") =2,0)6(9). X’0

106. (e) Given f(1) =2and f (x +y) =f(*)f(9) lim (0h)([0-hl+ |0-h) sin[0-h]
x’0

at x=1y =1» f(x) =f) = 2 [0-] =-1

x=2,y =1»f(3) =f(2)f(1) =2 lim -h(-1+h) sin(-1)
x’0" h
lim (-1+h) sin l = -sin 1
X’0
f(n) =2
10
Now Er(a+k)=16(2" -1) 111, (d) lim
a-4* sinll - )sin 1-)
X’1*
1-x[1-x]
>fla+1)+f(a+2) +....f(a+10) =16(20-1)
’fol 22 4....+2+10 =16(20-1) lim
(1-x* sin(l - ) sin -
x’1* (1-x)(-1)
»f2+2+....20]=16(20-1) -(x-1) +sin(x -1)-1+1=0.
2 2(20-1)]
2-1 =16(20 -1)
lim
y’0
(x-1)
Mathematics Fur
 So, from (1) and (2) we get
Domain of function
tan(rsin x)+ (x-sin(x(x])
112. (b) x
lim0 x -(-a,-3)u[-2,3)u[4, )
tan(nsinx)
sin(xlx) :(a+b+c) =-3+(-2)+3
lim
0
=2(a<b<c)

Consider R.H.L then x=x, and x]=0

5x+3
118. (c) f(x) = 6x-a
So R.H.L is (n+ 1) 5x +3
Now, fof(x) = f>6x-a
Consider L.H.L then x =-x and [x]=-1

So LHL is (r+1-2+1) =n 5x+343 5(5x+3)+3(6x-a)

6x-a=
Hence limit does not exists.
5x +3 6(5x+3) -a(6x-2)
6x-a
Given for (x) =x
113. (b) *
x cot 4x
lim0cot 2x- sinx= K0
lim tan 4x 5(5x+3) +3(6x-a) =X
cOs Zxinx
sin2x 6(5x +3)-a(6x-2)

1 4x 25x+15 +18x-3a =30x+18x-6au2.

4 tan 4x =1. ’x(30-6a)+ xa25 +3a -15 -0
lim
K0 cos 2x
-sin x
4sin xcos x Comparing coeffiecients,
30-6x=0
114. (a) Using LH. rule
’ 6 a = 30
3cot x(cosec'x)- sec x =8.
lim a=5

119. (d) 0<x²-x+ls1

n n >x-xs0
15-(b) lim 3'+2)*n+3)*n+(2n ’xe[0,1]
2n dx
lim a -an2. n

Also, 0<sin"(
r=l

Va-V2sinx Put sinx=t’x= sint »0<21s1

2
116. (b) lim
X’1 Vi-x ’0<2x-1<2
n-2t 1<2xs3
lim = lim
S-sint HiVrt2t)W1-sint
2 3

h
= lim lim, Trsl-cosh Takingintersection xe1
(2/)1-cos(u/2-) ho
1
117. (b) For domain,
-2. 120. (720) F(1)+F(2) =3-F(3)
1-320
’F(1)+F(2) =3+F(3)=3
wt
Case I: When [x-2z0 and [x-3>0 +2 =3
The only possibility is : 0 +1domain
m a p p e d

can bei
in the
xe(-3)u[4,) .(1) ’ Elements 1, 2, 3
0, 1, 2only.
Case II: When x-2s0 and [x-3<0 So number of bijective functions.
=|3 x (5 = 720 Mathematio
:xe[-2,3) ..(2)
 g:N’g(3n+1) =3n+2 Put m = 2,n=3
121. (C)
g(3n +2)=3n+3 when f(2) -1
s(3n+3)= 3n +1 |(3)-1to 7
[x+1 x= 3k +1]
f(6)- /(2)/(3)
(2) -2
g(x)= x+1 x=3k+2
x-2 x= 3k+3|
Ir(3)-1a 2o3
F(5),F(7) can take any value
[x+2 x= 3k +1] Total = (1x1x7×1X7%1x7)+(1x1x3x1x*1x)
s(s(-) = x+1 x=3k+2
-1 x=3k +3| = 490
125. (b) f(x) =cosr
x x=3k +1]
>= 2r
x x=3k+3|
Thus f(x) =cos 2rx
If F:NN,F isa one-one function such that
Now k is natural number
flg(x)) =f(x)’ s(x) =x, which is not the case Thus, f(k) =1
If Ff:N Nfisan onto function such that
1
1 sin(k+1)-*)]
f(g(x) =f(x), one possibility is sin ksin(k+1) sinl sink-sin (k+1)|
n x= 3n+1 20

f(x)=|n x= 3n+2 ne No sin l (cotk-cot(4 +1)

n x=3n +3
cotl-cot 21
= Cosec²lcosec(21)-sin20
Here f(x) is onto, also f(g(x)) =f(x) VxeN sinl

122. (16) |A|=ad -bc =15 126. (3) lim (2-cos xVoosx )*
Where a, b, c,de {+3,+2, +1,0} Form: 1*

Case I: ad=9&bc=-6 im 1-cosxVcos2x

=e
For ad possible pairs are (3, 3), (3, -3)
For bc possible pairs are (3,-2).(-3,2).(-23).(2-3) Now Now X0
lim
1-cosxVaos 2x

So total matrix =2x4=8 sin x cos 2x + sin 2x. cosx

lim
Case II ad-6&bc =-9 X0

Similarly totalmatrix=2 x 4 =8
Total such matrices are = 16
lim
123. (a) : (sof) exist gof is bijective So, e
must be one-one and 'g' must be ONT0 n-1

124. (490) F(n)= f(m).f(n) ra0

Put m=1f(n) =f()f(n) > f(1) =1

Put m=n=2

F(n) = f(m) f(n)

Put m=1f(n) =f(1)f(n) »f()=1
Put m=n=2
f(2) =1»f(4) =1
(4)=f(2)/(2)orf(2) =2’ f(4) =4
 R1- sin x+1+ sin x 11-sin x +
81- sin x+1+ sinx 1--sin x a1+si
41+ nsinx x
128, (3) *0
llm B1-sin x+1+ sin x
im-o 1- -sin x
B1- sin x+1+ sinx
-(1 +sin x|
.10
lim
0 (1- sin x+1+sin x)(1- sin x+1+sin x)
For limit to exist
(1-sin x+ 1+ sin x)
a-p-Qar-0 lim 1-sin x+1++ sin x|1-sin x+
..)
(P1-sin x+1+sin x)

Put in (i)
a a 3a
10 132. (d) - 1 < * - 5 x + 6

2 32 x-9
3a
6 l 0

-5x+61s0
-9
10
6

a=6
g20
a=6,ß =6,Y =-9 xe(-3,) ...1)
a+ß+y =3
-5x +6+120
(2)_1+8 -9
129. (c) lim
n n
n2)44 nn
1x+0
x+3

se(a-u) ..2)

After taking intersection

x?-3x+2>0
130. (d) Apply L'Hopital Rule
xs(-1)u(2«)
lim
x?-3x+2+1
=12
2

131. (4) lia01-

B sin x-1+ sin x After taking intersection of each solution

= lim
-sinx-1+ sinx
133. (31) 2f(a)+3f(c) -f(d)-f(b)
=lim -sin x-1+ sin x)
Using fundamental principle of counting
 f:N’RÍ(*+y)= 2f(*)f(0) ..)
134. (c)
f(1) =2

- 2f(a)(/(1) +f(2)+...*f(10) ..(2)

From (1)
f(2)-2(1) -2'
f(3) =2/(2)f(1) =25
-2 4
137. (6) f(*)= +y-6r-2

f(10)=2°f )-29
f(a) =2;aeN
From (2)
f()<0
10
Si(a+k)=2(22+2+2..*)
k=l
’f(x) is a dec. function

f(1)=+5

f(-1) =5r+5
Hence, a=4
Range:(a,b)]=[n+5,5r+5]
a=1+5,b =5+5
135.
4a-b=11-1

138. (d)f:R’Rdefined as
1e)-[(2-)|2.j
f(x)=x-land g:R’(1-1} ’Rs(x)=
1

=X Now sa:)
. Domain of fog(x) =R-{-1,1}
s:)=f(/(*)+(40) And range of fog(x)=(-,-1]u(Q)
=f(x)+x 2x
Now,
s(1)=f(1)+1-30 +1
2x
os() >0fo -x)(1+x)
136. (b) f(*)= -)(*+1)
xe(-a,-1)u(01)
x-l, X
And ((x)
dx <0 for xe(-1,0)v(1=)
x+1 :.fog(x) is neither one-one nor onto.

Mathematics Functions, Limits, Continuity and Differentiability I 141

 f(-2)+f(3) =0
142. (a)
2e2*
2e2-2x
f(x)=(x+1)(ar +b)
139. (99) f(x)+f(1-*) =xee+e
f(-2)+f(3) =-1(-2a +b)+4(34+b) =0
2a-b+12a + 4b =0
-b 14
a 3

Sumof roots ( - 1 - !3
143. (d)
B

3
2e
-(2+2+2+......9times) +e+e 4
5

-98+1=99

n(s) =5c, x4!= 120

n
;n=2,4,6,8,10

fla) + 2f(6) =

140. (190) f(n)=

t ;n=1,3,5,7,9 2X1 3 4
5
2x2 3 5
n+1 ;neodd 4
;neeven
1 2x3 2 5

;ne odd
n(A) =2x3=6
;neeven

6 1
n+1 ;ne odd
P(A) =n(4)
n(s) 120 20
2
f(n)= n+10
;nE even
144. (37) (11), (14), (4,1).(24),(4,2).(34).(43)./4.4
All have one choice for image.
s(10)-[s(1)+s(2)+g(3) +s(4) +s(5)] image
(21),(12),(2,2) - all have three choices for
-10-(1+6+2+7+3] =190
(3,2),(23).(3,1),(1,3), (3,3) -all havetwochoies
n=2,4,6,8,.
image.
2n,
= 72
141, (d) f(x)= (n-1); n=3,7,11, 15,..... Sothe total functions = 3x3x2x2x2
n=1,5,9,13, .... Case 1 : None of the pre-images have
3 as imay°

Total functions =2x2x1xlxl=4

When n=2,4,6, then 2n is the multiple of 4. image
have 2 as
Case 2: None of the pre-images
When n= 3,7, 11, 15 then (n-1) is not multiple of 4. Total functions =2x2x2x2x2=32 or2s

either. 3
have
When n =1,5,9,13, then is the odd number. Case 3: None of the preimages
image
Every number gives exactly one value. Total functions = 1xlxlxlx1xl =1
Thus, fis one-one and onto. 72-4-32+1 =37
.. Total onto functions =
 f(*)=(c+1)x +(1-c°)x+2* ...(1)
MS (ENS) For condition one we have Cyx1 way rest 33
&f(x+y) = f(*) +f(y)-xy Vxy eR elements 33!
f(x+y)-f*) = lim f(y)-xy - S0Cy x33! "C x331
lirn 0

-f(r)=f(0)-x 149. (25) Let f(x)= x+ bx+p

)-(0)x*2 but f(0) = 0 f()-»1+b+p-a .1)
>h=0 Assume common root be a

f9)--e)x ...(2) f(a) =0&/(/(f) =0

: as f() =1-c?
»f(/0(0) =0
Comparing equation (1) and (2) »f(f(p)) =0
We obtain, c= 1
’fp+bp +p)= 0
5 ’f(p(p+b+1)) =0
>1)-0 b+p-0
pb
*+1=0
= 2870 + 525 -3395 p+3b +9=0 ...(2)
146. (18) f(g(x)) =8x²-2x From (1) &(2) ’ p=, 7

s(/(*)) =4x' +6x +1

Now, f(3) =9-3b+p
So, g(x) =2x-1 s(2) =3
=9-(-p-9)+p
&f(x) =2x²+3x+1 7
-18+2p =18 +2x-25
2
f(2) =8+6+l =15 = 18
150. (d) F:N-{1}’ Nf(a) =a
147. (b) A={123,4) Where a is max of powers of prime P
B=(123.4,5,6) such that p divides a. Also g(a)=+1
Here f(3) can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 :.f(2) =1
f(3) =2(f(1).f(2)) ’ (11) ’6 cases f(3) =1
f(4) =2
f(3) =3,(/(1).f(2)’(42).(21) f(5) =1
’2x6=12 cases
s(2) =3
f(3) =4.(/(4).f(2)) ’(13).(3,1). (2,2) s(3) =4
’3x6=18 cases
g(4) =5
f(3)=5.(f(1).f(2) ’(44).(4,1), (2,3).(3,2) s(5) =6
’4x6=24 cases
f(2)+s(2) =4
I(3)=6(/(0).f (2) ’(15).,(5,1),(2,4),(4,2).(3,3)
’4x6=30 cases (V(3)+s(3) -5
48. (b) f(4) +g(4) =7
f:13,5,7,...99} -’{24,6,8,...100} f(5)+s(5) =7
f(3)2 f(9) zf(15) 2....f (99) ...(1)
.. many one f(x)+tg(x) does not cotain 1
3.9,15....99 17 numbers into function
Mathen
 5 84. (a) onsiter ave vhen --0then
ls°
f()-N

-2-5<1 o(a(0) (0)

’-5x +4<0
’Rxe(14)
58. (50) f(x)-0u (x-p)'-q -0
Roots are p+vap-a abesolute diterene hhe
roots 2/.
152. (1440) (*-10x +9)s0
Now, JF(4-500
>(*-1)(x-9) s0
Let a,.ay, q, a4 are a,a+d,a+2d,a +3d
’re19]»A-{1234,567,89}
|f(a500
f(*) s(*-3) +1
*=l:f(1) s5= 1',2
x=2:f(2) s 2 1² »(a-p)-q- 500
x=3:f(3)s1>1 -q-50 ..(1)

x=4:f(4) s2»1? And |f(a)'-f(a

x=5:f(5) s5 1²,2?
x=6:f(6)s 10 ’ 1',2,3² >(a-p)'-(4y-p))-((4-p)°-q+(9, -p-oj
x=7:f(7) s17 »11,2,3*,4
x=8:f(8) s 26 »1²,2,3²,4",5² a-g-q-0
x=9:f(9) s 37 > 1°,2, 3²,4 ,5ª,62 2q q -
Total number of such function = 2(6!) = 2 (720) = 1440 500
From equation (1) .9-q=
4 5
153. ) 500
>(-4x+2)'<(*+3' And 2/q - 2x0
2 50 Mathems

AA Funcions, Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

 = 14
L56. (d)
f(0)+3++4
159. (d) lim Si-x-x Ilim (-x)= 1

..f(0) = 7-h =c
s(1) = a+b+c=3 ..1)

f(3)= 9a +3b+c =4 .(ii) 160. (c) X0

lim
x
f(-2) =4a-2b+c=2 ...(iii) x+ sin x x- sinx
2-sin sin
2
lim
(i) =(i) x’0 4

a+b= put in equation (i) X+ sinx (x-sin x

sin sin
2 2
4 lim 2
+7-=3 X0 x+ sin x (X- sin x)
2 2
6 = 24; =4
x+ sin x

157. (c) f(x) =sin (x-3x+2

2 *-sin
2
x
+2x +7)
x-sinx
-1s **+3x+2
x+2x+7S1 lim
X0 2x4 )
Apply L-Hopital Rule:
+3x+Zs1
+2x+7 2x-2sin x cosx
lim
X0 2.4-x3
x-3x+2sx² +2x+7
2x-sin 2x 0
5x-5 lim
X0 8y3oAgain apply L-Hopital rule
x-1
lim 2-2cos(2x)
And -3x+2-1
x²+2x+7
X-0
8(3)x
lim 2(1-cos(2x)) x4
-3x+2-x-2x-7 X>0
24(4x²)
2x'-x+920
xeR
() o )
1
Domain e-,0 6

158. (a) 161, (a) lim 18-(1-x]

x’7
[x]-3a
lim tan° x N2sin x+3 sin x+4-sin² x+6sinx+2| LHL lim 18-[1-x]
x*7- x-3a
= lim tan x sinx-3sin x+2| 18-(-6)
6-3a
24
= lim tan' x(sin x-1)(sin x-2) 6-3a
6
R.H.L. im 18-[1-x]
x-3aX’7+
-÷lim
6 tan x(1-sinx) 18-(-7)
7-3a
sin x(1- sin x)(1 +sin x) 1
25
(1-sin x) 12
7-3a
Matheto Functions, Limits. Co
 Now L.H.L, = R.H.L. 165. (d) f(x) = 2x" +
24 25 f(4) = 133
6-3a 7-3a
f(5) =255
168-72a =150-75a
133 = 2x4" + ...(1)
’ 18= 3a
155 =2x 4" + ...2)
(2)-(1)
4
162. (©) f(x)4+2
122 =2(5° -4")
4* ql-* 4*+2 1
: f(x)+5(1-x) #+2*4*+2 4* +2 5-4" =61
.n=3&n =5
2023
2023
Now, f(3)-f(2) = 2(3-2)=38
=l+1+..... 1=1011 (1011 time) Number of Divisors is1, 2, 19,38, &their sum is 6o
163. (b) f(x+y) = f(x)-f(y)Vx,yeN,f(1)=3 166. (a) Since,
f(2) = ()=32 -V2s sin x-cos xS2
f(3) =f(1)f(2) =39 :.-2sV2(sin x-cos x)s2
f(4) =34
(Assume V2 (sinx -cosx) =k)
f(k) =34 -2<k<2 ...i)

f(x)=log(k+m-2)
Given, 0sf(x) s2
f(1)+f(2)+f(3) +..+f(k) =3279
3+3 +3+..34 -3279
0slogm(k+m-2)s2
1sk+m-2<m

s(3-1)_3279
3-1
-m+3<k<2 ...iü)
From eg. (i) &(ii), we get m+3=-2
3*-1
= 1093 m=5
2

3*-1= 2186 167. (a) f:1.2,34} ’ {a eZ:lal <8)

3= 2187
k=7 f()-f(n+1)=lne(1.23}
164- (2039) Let fog(x) =h(x) f(n+1) must be divisible by n
f(4)’-6,-3,0,3,6
f(3) ’ -8,6,-4,-2,0,2,4,6,8
»h(x) =fog(*) =2x*+7 f(2)’-8,.........8
fos(x) =a(b +c)-3 f(1) »-8,..
’a=2,b=3,c =5
f(4) must be odd since fa) should be even therefore
’ fos(ac) =fog(10) =2007 3
2 solution possible.
slf()-(2e-3 +5) f(4) f(3) f2) f)
’ gof (b) =gof (3) =32
-3
sum=2039

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

Mathematics
168. (a)
171. (10) : f()-2)-1)+10)-%
f(2)-(3) =f(2)+5(1)-2
(3)-2
in(n+1)(n+2)
(x+1) 2x
f(x)=+1 -1+
x²+1 )
f(x)=1+ 2
x+
X
1 m 1

m+2 10(m+ 2)) 12

169. (9) F(0)- 3|sin-
sin (Sx+0)]-2(1-ain' 20)
172. (a) Given for x>2
s-oe(a.a):f(o) f()+2/(2) +.. f(*) = x(x+1) f(x) replace xby
x+1
»f(0) =3(cos* 0+ sine)-2cos°20
’x(x+1)f(x) +(x+1)f(x+1)
3
=x(x+1)(x+2)f(x+1)
’f(0) =3-sin
2
20-2cos? e
(x+2)
f(x)

f(0)=
4 cos 40
4
»s()-(*+1)f(x+1)-x22
f(0) = sin 40
V3
re)-(0)
’f(0) = sin 40 = -4(0) =m+(-1)3 Now f(2022) = 4044
’0=+(-1)'
4 12 1
f(2028) = 4044
1
n,3n 3 So,
’48=74 2 f(2022) f(2028)
2r = 4044 + 4056=8100
cos
>p-0)-2.5
4 4 4 3x +2
173. (3125) f(x) =2x+3
170. (b) x-2<0’x>2
x+1<0’x>-1 13x +12
»f(x)= 12x+ 13
x+1+1x+0 and x>0
Denominator 63x +62
*-2x-3+0 »f(*) 62x +63

(x-3)(x+1) =0 1563x + 1562

X*-13 1562x + 1563
So Ans (2, o)-{3} a+b=3125

Matheatics Functions
 174. (3240) f(1)cf(2) <f(3) c f(4)c f(5)< f(6)
Required number of ways Then, a2
°C-4-3-21+6.°C,-32-1+65'G 2-1
sin K*1
+6-5-4.'C,1+654-3 C,-3240 178. (d) fx) =
-1s 1
2+340 and - 1
175 ) -3-x+2+x+23-x)(2+x)
x+4
-5+26+x-t -1-2-3 s02;2x+3
2x+3
-20

P5+5= f10 +

2
0s-1+2x+3
3x+2
Also,
I76. (a)x-(85"13)-"c, (83)"G(8-3)"(13 +..
2x+3

x-(8/5-13)"-c,(83)"G(8/3) (13 +.. -3 -2

2
2

Therefore, x-x ís even integer, hence x] ís even

’ domain

No%, y-(2/219>'- c(72)-";(Maj9}

v-(42-9'-c(aj-G(a'e
a=4,B= -2
3

y-y= Even integer, hence [y] is even

179. (a) y= f(x)
1
1. (c) S()2+in(3xj +cos 3x 24

sun(34)+ coa(3x)e[-2.2]
2+ sin(3:)"co(34)4[-.2+]

b"
a-+0.!4-1
222
Mathemtb

Limits, Continuity and ifferentiability

 2a

Case II
a f(1) =4,f(3) =10
a
f(1) =10,f(3) =4
Total one-one function

g(*)=.
s()-5() =2x5x4x3
2 120
a/2 Total cases = 120 +
120 = 240

184. (d) f(x) =e-25

4-2 -+ log,o(x +2x-15)
Domain: x²-250

as 1 ’xe(-,-5][5,-)
e 4-x 0 x*-2,2}
x+2x-15 >0 (x+5)(x-3) >0
-(x)< <(e)a (rf <e ’xe(-,-5)(3,*)
:.xe(-,5)(5,*)
181. (d) sin 5x e(-1,1] a =5;B = 5

-sin 5xe [-11] :.a+g=150

7-sin 5xe(6,8]
1
185. (0) s(/()= f(x) <0
7-sin 5x
ex (-o,0)
182. (c) The function f(y) x+2x-15 s(f(*) -ehx . (0,1)
x4x+9 ,XE R can be Inx , 1o)
simplified to f(x)=-3)(x+5)
x² -4x+9
For x=3 and x =5,f(x) equals o. (o, 1)
Therefore, f(x)
1S not one-one as it yields the same
input values. output for different (, o)
The range of f(x) is (-2,1.6], indicating that
does not cover all possible real values.
f(x)
f(x) is not onto. Cosequently,
Graph of s(f(x))
Thus, the function is neither
one-one nor onto. sf(x)) » Many one into
183. (c)
f(1)+f(3) =14
Case I 186. (d) f(x)= x+3
6x-4

f(1)=2,f(3) =12 4(4x+3)

6x-4
+3
s(x) = 34x
f(1)=12,f(3) =2 4
4x+3
(6x-4-4
34

Total one-one function

=2x5x4x3 s(x) =x
120

MatherNatia s(s(s(4))=4
6. Numerical Based Questions 2sin 2
= m
187. (50) x] denotes the integral part of x 2sin
Hene. atter
term each term will be one. Hene the
8 Statement Based Question
sum of given series will be 5o
188. (o) Since domain of f and domain of composite function 194- b) Given function g(x)-.x=0. Observe tht
gof are same. not defned. g
’’ +u=0.
189. (6) 2sin x+3 sinx -2>0 6+

2sin x +4 sinx- sin x-2>0

6 8
2sin x(sin x+)-1(sin x+2) >0
(sin x+2) (2 sin x -1) >0 -4

-6
2sin x-l>0’sin x> 1/2 -8

X> / 6 x e (r/6)
g) = lx
and x-x-2 <0’*-2x+x-2<0
x(r-2) + 1 (r- 2) <o Now, on computing the value of g(x) for r values
very near to 0, we see that the value of ori di:
(x+1)(x -2) <0>xe(-l ) -.() towards o. So, limg(x) =0. This is intuitivehy d
From () and (i), xe (r/6.2) from the graph of y=|x| for x*0.
À=6. 195. (a) Given, the following function.
x²-4
190. (1)
h(x) =
K-2 -,x*2
- sin : (0, y hr)
(o,

-sin 2x +sin(2x -nxx*) (-2, (2,

’X

-2 sin 2x-m2-0 very Dear

’ f(x) =k, where kis a constant. Now, on computing the value of h(x) for values of x
are near to 4
to 2 (but not atx= 2), we get all these values
But f0) =sin°0+sincos0co This is somewhat strengthened by considering the
5
graph of the function y = h(r).
Thus f(x)=xeR 9. Matching Based Question
1 sin
191.(0) lim(sec - tan 0) = lim expected value of fat xz ay*
196. (b) We say lim is the
Cos COs
iscale
This value
the values offnear.rxtothe left of a.
1-sin
= im
cos-sin =0. the left hand limit offat a.
im
cos value offat r =&
2
c-incosin Now, lim f(x) is the expected
ral
This
right of a. 1
given the values offnear xto the at a andifthe

7. Assertion and Reason (r)

is called the right hand limit of f
Reason is incorect. limits coincide, we call thtdenat
s02, (c) Assertion is correct but right and left hand = a and
offr) atr
common value as the limit
Assertion is correct
193. (c)
1 COsx l-cos x it by lim f(x). Aladhm
= im
lim0 sin x sin x sin x

nity and Differentiability