Module 9: DIGITAL/CYBER

LITERACY
LESSON OUTLINES

Technology has been part of everyone's life, be it at home, in school, or anywhere with every facet of
our undertaking. However, in many instances, we may not be aware that we have been misusing or
abusing it or in another way around, we may find ourselves being used by other people with their
malicious motives using digital tools. Therefore, we may end up being liable or a victim of such
irresponsible kind of technological processing and utilization. It is in this case that we must gain further
understanding and application of digital/cyber literacy, De it on personal or professional merit.

Digital Literacy
According to Wikipedia, digital literacy is the set of competencies required for full participation in
society that includes knowledge, skills, and behaviors involving the effective use of digital devices for
purposes of communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy.

Simply, it is the ability of an individual to engage with the digital environment and operate
technologies safely by knowing what to do and what not to do and how to avoid unnecessary risks.

Digital literacy is an individual's ability to access both information and methods of communication
through technological tools, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs. While digital
literacy is initially focused on digital skills and standalone computers, its focus has shifted to network
devices, including the Internet and the use of social media.

Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
(Cisco, n.d.). These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive
information; extorting money from users; or interrupting normal business processes. Implementing
effective cybersecurity measures is challenging because there are more devices than people, and
attackers are becoming more innovative. Here are some tips on how to protect yourself against cyber
threats.

1. Monitor behavior on social networks. Before posting or uploading something online, try to
realize: (a) Does this need to be public?; and (b) Is it worth the risk? Remember, not only what
we share online is available to friends and family, but also to cybercriminals.
2. Keep devices safe. Protect your technology tools by installing Anti-virus software, a
configuration of settings on the devices and by completing software updates.
3. Understand how best to use passwords. Passwords need to be complex and hard to guess,
but can still be remembered. One strategy is "passphrase” or a password that comes from the
first letter of each word in the phrase. There is also a password manager app to help keep
track of all the passwords called "KeePass" which is free of charge. Importantly, do not use
the same password for all accounts.
4. Handle unsafe content. Know exactly how to respond or react to unsafe situations online,
such as (1) suspicious emails (2) pop-ups claiming that your computer is infected; and (3)
BitTorrent sites.
5. Consider safety for the future. Take individual responsibility in using devices with an utmost
care and critical thinking when online (https://www.esentire.com)

Cyber Citizenship
Citizenship is an old value that is now applied to a new medium, the Internet. Cyber citizenship refers
to being responsible when using the Internet. Doing online when no one is looking speaks a lot about
one's character and morals. The power of this digital world is associated with responsibilities and
consequences. Therefore, we can explore and navigate all information available online however we
should observe cyber citizenship or manners and etiquette on the Web.

Ways on How to be a Good Cyber Citizen

The enlisted ways of becoming a good cyber citizen would guide everyone on his/her digital
operations and information processing and would prevent anyone from further consequences,
distractions, moral damages and risks.
1. Be careful and critical for whatever you post online that could be visible to the public even if on
a "private page through tagging by a friend.

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 2. If you have problem with someone, go to that person or an adult to help work it out, instead of
posting your expression online.
3. Use the Internet to help you with your schoolwork, but give credit to the sources you use and
critically analyze everything you search online.
4. Use the Internet purposefully to learn more about anything you are interested in, to help you
research relevant and needed data or information and to stay connected with friends
throughout the world.
5. Make sure you verify an information before you share it or use it in a project and check on
accuracy and truth in the information you search on the web.
6. Give out certain information only.
7. Don't answer questions that make you uncomfortable
8. Always make sure you have told a reliable adult if you decide to meet someone you knew
through the Internet.
9. Always be aware of copyright laws and give credit to whom an article or a part of it is due.
10. Use only the computers that you are allowed to use. Avoid hacking.

Importance of Cyber Citizenship

1. It keeps the Internet free from hurtful statements.
2. It creates a culture of more reliable information.
3. It gives provisions for people to be given credit for what they have created.
4. More criminals or bullies can be caught when kids are honest and talk to adults.
5. It keeps information private.

Proper Netiquette
Follow these simple rules to ensure that you make Wise choices when sending messages online.

1. Make sure you have the correct address (with proper spelling), correct link and you are
sending the information to the right person when doing it online.
2. Check information before sending or posting any message and avoid false statements and
information on the web or forwarding junk mail or chain letters to family or friends.
3. Re-read what you wrote to make sure it is what you want to say and the other person would
interpret it the same way.
4. Keep your comments clean and don't confront others online or say anything that could be
hurtful to them.
5. Keep your personal and friends information private and don't forward information that was just
given to you without his/her permission.
6. Watch out for spam and other fraud e-mails and never reply to them.
7. If you are going to write something personal or private, think twice because messages can get
misdelivered.
8. Adults should monitor kids' messages, especially when they are sending emails to others
without permission.
(http://www.cybercitizenship.org/ethics/ethics.html)

The Ten Commandments of Teacher Cyber Citizenship

At some point, misuse and abuse of technology may also happen in schools involving teachers with
their students, colleagues and others. The following are reminders to teachers regarding the use of
media tools.

1. Thou shall not post any personal matter, confidential information and obscene pictures and
messages online that can be accessed by students and parents.
2. Thou shall not respond or thread to any personal message created by students online other
than those school-related.
3. Thou shall not lend or let students access your cellphone.
4. Thou shall not give your email password to students
5. Thou shall not use concepts and information from texts and references without the author's
citation.
6. Thou shall not post to any social media account, for whatever purposes, the pictures of
students without their or their parents’ consent.
7. Thou shall not express sentiments, disappointments and disagreements against superiors,
colleagues, students and their parents using their social media accounts.

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Internet Safety
Internet safety, online safety or cyber safety means trying to be safe on the Internet. It is maximizing
the user's personal safety and security risks to private information and property associated with using
the Internet, including self-protection from computer crime. As the number of Internet users continues
to grow worldwide, issues and concerns also continuously exist.

Information security. Sensitive information, such as personal information, identity and passwords
are often associated with personal property and privacy and may present security concerns if leaked.
Unauthorized access and usage of private information may result in consequences, such as identity
and property theft.

Common causes of information security breaches include:

1. Phishing. It is a common type of scam, of which the scammers disguise as a trustworthy
source in an attempt to obtain private information, such as passwords, credit card information,
etc. through the use of fake websites that look identical and legitimate.
2. Internet scams. These are schemes that deceive the users in various ways in an attempt to
take advantage of them.
3. Malware. It is a malicious software (particularly spyware) disguised to collect and transmit
private information, such as password without the user's consent or knowledge, of which it is
impossible to determine whether a file is infected.

Personal safety and threats. The growth of the Internet gave rise to many important services
accessible to anyone with a connection, such as digital communication. While it allows communication
with others, it is also being grabbed by malicious users for bad intent. The following are common
threats to personal safety.
1. Cyberstalking. It is the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an
individual, group or organization through false accusations, defamation, slander and libel,
intentional monitoring, Identity theft, threats, vandalism, solicitation for sex, or gathering
information that may be used to threaten, embarrass or harass.
2. Cyberbullying. It is the use of electronic means, such as instant messaging, social media, e-
mail and other forms of online communication with the intent to abuse, intimidate, or
overpower an individual or group.
3. Online predation. It is the act of engaging an underage minor into inappropriate sexual
relationships through the Internet. Online predators may attempt to initiate and seduce minors
into relationships through the use of chat rooms or Internet forums. The behavior
characteristics are categorized into three groups: A) Manipulative - typically a child molester,
B) Opportunist typically a rapist; and C) Coercive being a mixture of both rapists and child
molesters.
4. Obscene/offensive content. Various websites on the Internet contain material that may
deem offensive, distasteful or explicit, which may often not be of the user's liking. Such
websites may include the Internet, shock sites, hate speech or otherwise, and inflammatory
content. Such content may manifest in many ways, such as pop-up ads and unsuspecting
links.
5. Sextortion. It is the use of webcams for flirting and cybersex. Often, this involves a
cybercriminal posing as someone else, such as an attractive person initiating communication
of a sexual nature with the victim. The video is recorded by the cybercriminal to demand
money or other services, threaten to publicly release the video and send to family members
and friends of the victim if they do not comply. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wikiintemetsafety)

Computer Threats and Fixing Solutions

The realm of Information Technology (1) Security professionals and computer security has become
an issue and concern for many people (Honan, 2014).

A threat, in the context of computer security, refers to anything that has the potential to cause serious
harm to a computer system. It is something that may or may not happen, but has the potential to
cause serious damage and can lead to attacks on Computer systems and networks
(https://www.techopedla.com)

Cybercrime is now becoming alarming in the life of every individual and the organization as they
intend to steal information that they can sell or trade, such as financial details, credit card information,
personal details, or any other information using computer networks.

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 Likewise, while email has been the main method for the spread of computer viruses, it can also enter
a network by the USB device, Internet download, visiting an infected website, instant messaging or
messaging in social media platforms, file transfer and file-sharing programs, or by remote users
connecting directly to the corporate network with an infected PC. Once a computer virus gets into a
network, it can spread from computer to computer in multiple ways.

Given the numerous ways a computer virus can spread, the following are ways on how to ensure that
computer networks can be protected.

1. Install anti-virus software. Ensure that reputable anti-virus software is installed on all
computers, including all servers, PCs and laptops.
2. Ensure that the anti-virus software is up-to-date. New computer viruses are being released
daily and so it is essential that computers are protected by keeping the anti-virus software-up-
to-date.
3. Employ a firewall to protect networks. As computer Viruses can spread by means other than
email, it is important that unwanted traffic is blocked from entering the network by using a
firewall.
4. Filter all email traffic. Example of emails with certain file attachments commonly used by
computer viruses to spread themselves, such as .EXE, COM and .SCR files. These should be
prevented from entering the network.
5. Educate all users to be careful of suspicious e-mails. Ensure that all users know to never open
an attachment or to click on a link in an email they are not expecting.
6. Scan Internet downloads. Ensure that all files downloaded from the Internet are scanned
against computer viruses from one central point on the network.
7. Do not run programs of unknown origin. It is important to Use a trusted source tor software
requirements to be installed and ensure it can be accounted for.
8. Implement a vulnerability management system. It is important to regularly review network and
the applications running on it for new vulnerabilities and a plan on how to manage them, either
by patching or upgrading them, using tools, Such as firewalls or Intrusion Detection Systems
that should be put in place.
9. Make regular backups of critical data. There is a need to keep important files on removable
media, such as portable drives or tape for back-up in the event that the network is infected
with a computer virus.
10. Develop an information Security Policy. The creation and publication of an Information
Security Policy is key to ensuring that information security receives the profile it requires in
order to secure the systems and data.
11. Monitor logs and systems. Regular monitoring of network and system logs can assist in the
early identification of a computer virus infecting the network or other attacks by criminals.
12. Develop an Incident Response Plan. The incident response plan outlines the roles and
responsibilities of people in the event of a computer virus infecting the network or any other
type of security breach.
13. Restrict end-User access to the systems. Where possible, end users are prohibited from
access to the system so that the virus will also be restricted.
(https://bhconsuitng.1ercomputer-secunty-threats-solutions/)

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying, cyberharassment or online bullying is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic
means usually among minors in a school setting and has become increasingly common, especially
among teenagers.

It is an aggressive, intentional act or behavior that is carried out by a group or an individual using
electronic forms of contact, repeatedly against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself. The
National Crime Prevention Council defines it as a process of using the internet, cell phones or other
devices to send or post texts or images that intend to hurt or embarrass another person. It may also
include public actions, such as repeated threats, sexual remarks, pejorative labels or defamatory false
accusations, ganging up on a victim by making the person the subject of ridicule in online forums,
hacking into or vandalizing sites about a person, and posting false statements to discredit the targeted
person.

Cyberbullying is similar to traditional bullying, it is just that victims may not know the identity of their
bullying and the reason for bullying them. Cyberbullies may disclose victims’ personal data on
websites or forums called doxing, or may use impersonation, and create fake accounts, comments or
sites for the purpose of publishing material in their names. This can leave the cyberbully anonymous
and difficult to be caught or apprehended for his/her behavior.

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 Cyberbullying types. There are various types of cyberbullying and research has revealed serious
profound consequences on victims.

1. Internet trolling is a common form of bullying over the Internet in an online community to elicit
a reaction, disruption or intentionally provoke and offend others.
2. Cyberstalking is another form of bullying or harassment that uses electronic communication to
stalk a victim and pose a credible threat to harass him/her.

Implications of bullying in schools. Schools should initiate various antibullying programs and
campaigns to protect students from being threatened or victimized by such offense. More so teachers
should be oriented and trained in handling bullying cases and executing teaching strategies to
address and reduce bullying cases in class. Also, schools should conduct student empowerment
activities that can be engaged in by students, including the bullies to divert their attention and energy
into something worthwhile and engagements that they can be busy about.

Cybercrime

Avast defines cybercrime as any criminal activity carried out using computers or the Internet.
Cybercrime uses tools like phishing, viruses, spyware, ransomware and social engineering to break
the law (https://www.avast.com/c-cybercrime).

On the other hand, cybercrime is defined by Techopedia as a crime with the computer as the
object of the crime (i.e. hacking, phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to commit an offense (i.e.
child pornography, hate crimes). Cybercriminals may use computer technology to access personal
and confidential information or use the Internet for exploitative or malicious purposes.

There is a wide variety of cybercrimes, which can broadly be placed into two categories: one-
off crimes, Such as installing a virus that steals your personal data, and ongoing crimes, such as
cyberbullying, extortion, distributing child pornography or organizing terrorist attacks
(https://www.avast.com/c-cybercrime).

Cybercrime may also be referred to as computer crime practiced by those who have technological
skills and use the Internet to achieve their bad motive. Cybercriminals employ their diverse skill to
access bank accounts, steal identities, blackmail, defraud, stalk, and harass or use a compromised
computer to attack their victims. Criminals can also use computers for communication and document
or data storage and those, who perform these illegal activities, are often referred to as hackers.

On the other hand, malware downloaded from the computer may slow it down and prompt it to give
error messages. Likewise, phishing attacks usually involve receiving emails from unknown sources
while trying to rick someone into giving up his/her passwords or personal data. Keyloggers leave their
own telltale signs, like strange icons, or duplicating the messages.

Technopedia cites common types of cybercrime that include online bank information theft, identity
theft, online predatory crimes, unauthorized computer access, and the most serious one like
cyberterrorism. Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of activities that can be categorized as: (1)
crimes that target computer networks or devices, including viruses and denial-of-service (DoS)
attacks; and (2) crimes that use computer networks to advance other criminal activities, including
cyberstalking, phishing and fraud or identity theft.
(https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2387/cybercrime)

Exploring the Internet: Researching and Evaluating the Web

The Internet is a global communication network that allows computers to exchange and share
information worldwide. It makes possible for people around the world to connect and share 1deas
across time zones and geographic locations. However, because cyberspace is such a large realm,
sometimes it is difficult to find the needed information. So, the most effective way to explore the
Internet is to have strategies in place for doing research on the Web and tor evaluation the websites.

Commonly, this is important among schools in doing researches and other related works. Therefore,
this aspect needs to be explored by teachers and students in doing their works.

Surfing the Web. The following are the three key factors in surfing the web.

1. Most surfing sessions start with the user-targeted keywords about the subject into a search
engine.

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 2. Good strategies for searching the Web include writing research questions; extracting
keywords from the questions and typing them into a search engine using synonyms if the
keywords do not bring up desired results; keeping track of keywords and synonyms used, and
recording the results of search.
3. Always be cautious about the information shared online and in visiting websites.

Assessing credibility. Different websites accessible on the Web can make the job of researchers
very challenging. Carefully evaluate the information searched online. Consider the credibility, or
trustworthiness and reliability or the Content before taking it. There are two types of websites:
informational and commercial. Informational websites usually strive to offer credible content to users,
while commercial websites present inaccurate information in order to see something.

Checklist of credibility criteria. The first step in evaluating the credibility of websites is to review
several important aspects of the site

1. Author. Check the credentials of the author, the company or the expert and determine the
qualifications to provide information on the subject being researched. Some websites do not
list specific authors, but the credibility of a company can be explored by reviewing the site’s
"About” page, if available.
2. Date. Look for copyright information at the bottom of a website's home page. If the site is
more than a few years old and it has not been updated regularly, look for more up-to-date
information.
3. Purpose. Analyze the goals of the website to determine if it is an informational or an
advertisement site.
4. Contact. Most credible websites list down contact information, such as telephone number,
email address, or mailing address so that users may get in touch f they have questions.
5. Fact vs. Opinion. When doing research for a school paper, go to sites that present factual
information provided by experts, rather than opinions. Be on the lookout for biases, too. If the
author is biased, so as the information on the site.
6. URL. The URL may look like ending in .edu (for education), .gov (for government), .org (for
organization), .com (for commercial sites), or net (for network sites). Different websites have
different URLs. To help determine a site's credibility, determine if that is a personal website or
blog, a government website, or other types of website.

Common credible URLS. One way of determining the credibility of a website is through the URLS,
although a website's URL gives clues as to credibility, there is still a need to evaluate it carefully.

1. When encountering a URL, look at the letters that appear after the "dof (i.e.
www.whitehouse.gov.) And that is called top-level domain. Thus, the URL's toplevel domain
helps in determining a site's credibility.
2. Websites ending in .gov are government-related websites, which generally, Can be trusted to
provide credible statistical information, articles on many different topics and government news.
3. Websites ending in .edu are the websites of educational institutions, such as colleges and
universities that usually offer a variety of credible data, especially about the school's
operations and research. Since students may create websites with an .edu top-level domain,
but they may contain inaccurate or biased information.
4. Websites ending in.org are the websites of organizations. While many organizations,
especially nonprofit ones, provide credible information, they may sometimes have advertising
intent. Since some organizations show bias in their provided information, so evaluate.org sites
carefully.

Recognition of information sources. Similar to the information in print sources, the use of online
sources must be given credit to the authors. This can be done by applying proper referencing and
citation procedures that would get rid of risks, consequences and legal implications because of the
copyright issue, which means that the ideas and words used belong to the author.

Citation. Each entry in the bibliography is called a citation. Proper citation must be applied or
included for every source used, whether it is a website, a newspaper, or a book. Online sources are
cited differently because they are different from traditional print sources. There are different formats
used to cite the sources.

Author/Source Year Article Title

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Transparency International (2014). Corruption perceptions index 2014: Results. Retrieved from
https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/resuts, July 17, 2019

Website URL Retrieved Date

(To note: The easiest way to create citation of sources is to go to www citationmachine.net. This
website generates citations that can be copied and pasted into the Works Cited page.)

Data privacy implication. The implementation of data privacy in the country is becoming stronger
and powerful, especially in utilizing data for research and other forms of report and paper works. This
has also corresponding legal implications once not processed immediately and properly. It involves
uploading of pictures, designs, graphics, concepts/ideas, frameworks, art work, data, and other
information that are copyrighted without the consent of the author or the source. These are commonly
observed in schools.

The following are practical techniques in responding to data privacy issues.

1. When getting data, put proper citation and source acknowledgment (e.g. Source: National
Statistics Office, 2019).
2. When using needed pictures downloaded from the Internet, put acknowledgment (e.g. Photo
credits to PhilPost, 2019) but if possible to have personal pictures taken with your original
concept. Although, there is still a need to seek the consent of those in the pictures.
3. If data, concepts and information are copyrighted, ask for the consent of the author, and wait
for his/her response. However, if the data and information are for public domain, just
acknowledging/citing the author or the source will do.
4. If the author doesn't really want anyone to utilize his/her data file or article, learn the value of
respect, anyway that is his/ her property. The author's disapproval usually manifests through
difficulty in downloading the file, some tricky signs that appear on Screen, or direct statement
or notice of disapproval contained in the file.

Research and data collection protocols. When researching and collecting data from the Web,
avoid plagiarism, which is the act of taking someone else's work and presenting it as your own
(Turnitin.com).

Plagiarism is unethical, and it can bring you in trouble. Sometimes, students don't mean to plagiarize,
but they end up doing it accidentally because they are unaware or unclear about it.

The following are 10 types of plagiarism that teachers, researchers and students should know.

1. Clone Plagiarism. It is also called identical copying or copying another work (word-for-word)
without any change and claim as his/her own work.
2. Remix Plagiarism. It refers to collecting information from various sources and mixing all
together as a single document then, claiming the work as their own work.
3. Ctrl+C Plagiarism. This is when a significant portion of text copied from any single source
without any alteration in a written document.
4. Hybrid Plagiarism. Here, perfectly cited source documents are copied and arranged as a new
document without citation.
5. Find-Replace Plagiarism. This is changing the most common keywords and phrases in the
copied content but not making any changes in the essential document.
6. Recycle Plagiarism. Also called self-plagiarism, it refers to the act of borrowing from one's
own previous document without proper citation.
7. Mashup Plagiarism. It is when the written document is copied from more than one source and
all are mixed together without proper citation.
8. 404 Error Plagiarism. Here, a person creates a document by copying from various sources
prepared as a single document with the citation but inaccurate or leads to non-existing
resources.
9. Aggregator Plagiarism. Here, the written document includes proper citation but it does not
contain original work.

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 10. Re-Tweet Plagiarism. Here, all written documents look perfect with properly cited mark but
still, the document resembles somewhere the original text's structure or wordings.

Tips to Avoid Plagiarism

Turnitin.com suggests some techniques to avoid plagiarism that teachers, researchers and students
should know.

1. Read and understand the original document several times before start explaining about it.
2. Do not copy any word or sentence from the original document.
3. Give proper citation to all sources (book, journal, website, video, etc.).
4. In case of citing online sources, include the retrieval date and appropriate URL in the
reference
5. Common phrases and definitions need to be quoted and cited without any modification.
6. Make a practice to include the "references" section whenever you write an academic
document.
7. Cross verify all your citations before submitting your document
8. Resort to available plagiarism software to ensure the originality of the written document.

How to Evaluate a Website

Morris (2018) suggests ways on evaluating a website as reference in research.

1. Open the site. When looking through Google search results, open sites in new tabs, leave
search results in a tab for easy access later (e.g. right-click on the title and click "Open link in
new tab").
2. Skim read. Determine whether you can read and understand the text. If it is too complicated
or difficult to understand, find another website that may provide the information you need.
3. Look for the answer to your question. Find out if the information on the site actually
answers your question. You can use a search box, navigation menu, or pull up your own
search box by pressing Control/Command F and type in the keywords you are searching for.
4. Consider the credibility of the author or website. You need to consider the credibility of the
author or website by considering the following: (1) Domain include .gov or edu are trustworthy
sources; (2) Author's information- look at the author's bio or About page regarding domains
that the qualification of the author, (3) Design avoid sites that are cluttered and difficult to
navigate; and (4) Sources trustworthy articles usually link to other sources or cite where their
facts come from.
5. Consider the purpose or the site. Think about the purpose of the site and whether it meets
your needs.
6. Look for the date. Consider whether the information is current enough for your topic. You can
look for the date when the article was written or last updated. Sometimes, URLs also include
dates. (http://www.kathleenamorris.com/)

Integrating Digital/Cyber Literacy into the Curriculum

The following are suggested activities to integrate digital literacy. Higher-order thinking and
construction of meaning in the classroom.

1. Use an interactive whiteboard to design and deliver lessons. Use Promethean and Smart
Notebook with teacher-created lessons if you are not yet capable of designing your own.
2. Allow students to maintain blogs, wikis, web pages related to their learning.
3. Engage in email/video chat exchanges with students.
4. Utilize storytelling media to allow students to create and publish stories.
5. Set-up a blog site, Facebook page, Yahoo or Google group and post weekly discussion
questions for students to respond.
6. Use video cameras to dramatize stories, record scientific experiments and expose students to
video editing software to create video production of learning.
7. Engage students in discussions about how and why various media work well to showcase
learning and why others do not.

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 8. Thinking critically about the medium use to present a message is as important as the
message itself.
9. Require E-Portfolio that would compile their outputs, projects, messages and photo-
documents of group activities and investigations online.
10. Allow students to use digital tools, such as mobile phones, Ipad and netbooks for Google
search, dictionary Apps, Youtube, Podcast and Spotify applications in class to complement
their learning, especially during group works and concept reporting.

Impact of integrating digital literacy in the classroom on teachers, families and friends.
Integrating digital literacy in the classroom can bring a positive impact on students learning as
evidenced by the following:

1. It motivates students in their learning due to their enjoyment and ease of use with various
technological mediums.
2. It reaches students of various learning styles and multiple intelligences.
3. It allows students to create and design their own unique products reflective of their
personalities and learning needs/ styles.
4. It encourages students to manipulate media in constructing their own meaning.
5. It enables students to share their learning with teachers, families and friends.
6. It gives students the chance to explore technological media that inevitably increase the job
skills needed in the workforce.
(http://purposefultechnology.weebly.com/how-can-we-embed-digital-literacyin-the-
classroom.htm)

SUMMARY
DIGITAL/CYBER LITERACY
 Digital literacy is the set of competencies on the effective use of digital devices for
purposes of communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy while cybersecurity is
the practice of protecting systems, networks and programs from digital attacks.
 Cyber citizenship refers to being responsible when exploring the Internet, including the right
manner and etiquette in using the Web.
 Internet safety is preventing from online security risks to private information and property
and protecting self from computer threats and cybercrimes.
 Cyberbullying is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means that is punishable
by law while cybercrime is any criminal activity carried out using the computer or the
Internet.
 A computer threat refers to anything that has the potential to cause serious harm and
damage to a computer system that must be fixed immediately and effectively with
solutions.
 In order to avoid digital risks and consequences, proper Interne exploration, source citation,
data privacy imposition, research and data- gathering protocols and website evaluation are
imperative.
 As digital literacy impacts teaching-learning process, its wide dissemination in schools and
integration in the classroom is they, relevant and necessary.

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ASSESSMENT/ENRICHMENT
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. How do you define cyber/digital literacy and cybersecurity?
2. What do you mean by cyber citizenship? Elaborate.
3. What are netiquette and the process of safety use of digital media? Give
examples.
4. What are the common computer threats and how can these be fixed?
5. What is meant by cyberbullying and cybercrimes? Discus.
6. How can you practice the processes of Internet exploration, source Citation,
research and data-gathering protocols and website evaluation?
7. How can cyber/digital literacy be integrated in the teaching learning process?

INTROSPECTING
Direction: Choose any type of cyberbullying. Describe it and write purpose,
procedures, principles and prospective target indicated in the tablets
provided below.
PROSPECTIVE PRINCIPLES PROCEDURES PURPOSE CYBER BULLYING
TARGET TYPE
REFLECTION
LEARNING

CURRICULUM APPLICATION
Direction: Produce and evaluate a digital tool that can be utilized in the
classroom.
PROJECT PLAN
Digital Tool:
Brief Described:
Purpose:
Topic:
Subject:
Materials:
Estimated Cost:
PROCEDURES

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 OUTPUT

(Paste picture of created digital tool here.)

PREPARED BY: _______________________ COURSE/SECTION____________

REFERENCES
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/illustration-of-a-target-with-an-arrow-on-a-
whitebackground-in-flat-style-gm1129198791-298208537

https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/lecturer-blackboard-with-students-line-
iconlecture-or-training-lesson-symbol-gm1214504716-353383962
https://www.deltaxresearch.com/circleflip-portfolio/toa4s-dga-summary-report/
https://webstockreview.net/image/assessment-clipart-clip-art/2663566.html

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