Solutions

Basic Algebra

P(1) = 0  0= (0) S(1) + A(1) + B

Classwork Questions A+B=0 …(i)
P(1) = 4  4 = (0) S(–1) + A (1) + B
Algebraic Identities and 4=A+B …(ii)
Polynomials Solving (i) and (ii) , we get B = 2, A =  2
 A + 2B = 2
1. (p2 + q2)3 = (p3 + q3)2
 3(p2 + q2) p2q2 = 2p3q3
1
p2  q2 2 7. x= satisfies the given equation.
 = c
pq 3 1 1 1
Substituting x = in and 1  ,
p q 2 c 1 x x
  =
q p 3 c
we get the other roots as and 1 – c.
c 1
2. a + b+ c = 0  a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
1 1 2 1 1 2 Absolute Value
a=  = ,b=  = ,
9 27 27 27 81 81
1 1 8 1. x = 3 is the critical point where the graph
c=  = meets the x  axis.
81 9 81
32 2. 2x  1 = ± 5  2x = 6,  4  x = 3,2
 3abc = = a3 + b3 + c3
310
3
3 3 3
3. |10x  3| = 0  x = =a
3. a + b + c  3abc 10
= (a +b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) 3
5x  = 20  |5x + 10| = 20
a
 (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca) = 0
 5x + 10 = ± 20
 (a + b + c)
 5x =  30, 10  x = 6, 2
   [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] = 0 …(i)
1
2
  x x2 x x2
4. |x| + =  |x| + =
a, b, c are distinct  a ≠ b ≠ c 1 x x 1 1 x x 1
 (i)  a + b + c = 0 x
Let a = x, b = .
1 x
4. x300 < 3500  x3 < 35 (=243)
x  x2  x x2
 The greatest integer value of x is 6. Then, a + b = =
1 x x 1
y Given equation is of the form
5 2x = 3y  3 x = 2 | a | + | b | = | a + b | which shows that equality
z
 y
 has occurred in the inequality
18z = 2z 32z  3y =  3 x  . 32z
 
|a|+|b||a+b|
yz
 2z
 ab  0
3 x
= 3y  x2 1
  0  x = 0 or >0
 yz + 2zx = xy 1 x 1 x
1 2 1 x>1
 + =
x y z
5. |x  1| + |5  2x| = |3x  6|
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
 + + =   + + =   |x  1| + |2x  5| = |3x  6|
x y z z y y z z y
 Equality has occurred in the inequality
6. Let P(x) = x100  2x51 + 1 and Q(x) = x2  1 |x  1| + |2x  5|  | 3x  6|
If S(x) is the quotient, then  (x  1) (2x  5)  0
P(x) = Q(x) S(x) + Ax + B 5
 x  1 or x 
 x100  2x51 + 1= (x2  1) S(x) + Ax + B 2

1
 

JEE (Main): Maths

Intervals and Inequations x>
1
…(iv)
2
1. |5  2x| < 1 (iii) and (iv)  Solution set
 1 < 5  2x < 1
=  , 2     ,  
1
 6 < 2x < 4
 2 
3>x>2
There is no integer in (2, 3). 5. |2x  4| < x  1
x 5 L.H.S. is non negative  R.H.S. must be positive
2. >0 x>1 (feasible region) …(i)
x5
Given inequation  1  x < 2x 4 < x  1
 ( x  5)
 > 0 if x  5< 0 i.e, if 0 < x < 5  1  x < 2x  4 and 2x  4 < x 1
x 5
 5 < 3x and x < 3
 –1 > 0 (absurd) 5
x 5 x> and x < 3 …(ii)
>0 3
x5
(i) and (ii)  solution set =  , 3 
5
( x  5) 3  
 > 0 if x 5 > 0 i.e., if x > 5
x 5 The only integer in solution set = 2
1>0  The required sum = 2
x 5
 > 0 is true for all x > 5. Rational and Irrational
x5
Inequations
Now, consider all the options,
3x + 10 < 25 3x < 15  x < 5 1. The critical points are 3, 1, 1, 2.
(x 5) (x + 3)2 < 0 x = 1, x = 3 are solutions.
 x  5 < 0 as (x + 3)2 > 0 for all x except  
  
x = 3
x<5 3 1 1 2
|2x  5| < 5  5 < 2x  5 < 5  0 < 2x < 10 Method of intervals gives the solution set
x<5 (, 3]  (1, 1]  (2, )
x2  4x  5 > 0  (x + 1) (x  5) > 0  x > 5 The integers, which are not solutions, are 2,1,2.
The required sum = 2+(1) + (2) = –1
> 0 for x > 0
2  5x 7 x
2. 2 > 0  >0
5 5 5 x 1 x 1
3. 3x   2  3x    2 or 3x   2
2 2 2 x   
 <0
1 9 x 1 1 0
 3x  or 3x  The critical points are 1, 0.
2 4
1 3 The method of intervals gives solution set (1,0).
 x  or x 
6 4 1 1 2
3.  
x 2 x x 2
Solution set =   ,    ,  
1 3
 6   4  x x  2 2 2( x  2)  2 x 2  4 x
  0 0
1 x( x  2) x  2 x ( x  2) ( x  2)
Only x = lies in the solution set.
10 2 x 2  6 x  4 x2  3x  2
 0 0
x 1 x ( x  2)( x  2) x ( x  2) ( x  2)
4. <1
x 2 3  17
The zeroes of x 2  3x  2 are
 | x  1| > x + 2, if x + 2 < 0 …(i) 2
and |x  1| < x + 2, if x + 2 > 0 …(ii)      
(i) is a true statement as | x  1 | is non negative 2 3  17 0 2 3  17
and x + 2 is negative (i.e, x + 2 < 0)
2 2
 x <  2 is a solution …(iii)
(ii)  (x + 2) < x 1 < (x + 2), if x + 2 > 0 The solution set is
  x  2 < x  1 and x  1 < x + 2,  3  17   3  17 
if x > 2  2, 2 
  (0, 2)  
 2
,  
 
 2x >  1 and 1 < 2 3 3
a+b+c+d+f =  =3
(true) 2 2
22
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Basic Algebra
4. 3|x  1| + x2  7 > 0 …(i) 5
Let x  , squaring (i), we get
Case I: x < 1 2
(i)  x2 3x  4 > 0 x2  3x +2 > 4x2 20x + 25
 (x  4) (x + 1) > 0  3x2  17x + 23 < 0
 x < 1 or x > 4  17 
2
289  17  13
2

 3 x  > 23 +  3 x  <

 x  (, 1) is a solution …(ii)  6 12  6 12
Case II: x  1 13 17 13
(i)  x2 + 3x  10 > 0  <x <
6 6 6
 (x + 5) (x 2) > 0
17  13 17  13
 x < 5 or x > 2  <x<
6 6
 x (2,) is a solution …(iii)
 5 17  13 
(ii) and (iii)  solution set = ()  (2, )  x  ,  is a solution … (iii)
 2 6 
5. 3x  10 > 6 x (ii) and (iii) give solution set
First we find feasible region:  17  13 
= (, 1)   2, 
3x  10 > 0 and 6  x  0  6 
10
 <x6 …(feasible region)  a = 1, b = 2, c = 17, d = 13, f = 6
3
c+d 17  13
Squaring given inequation, 3x  10 > 6  x  a+b+ =1+2+ =8
f 6
 4x > 16  x > 4
 The solution set = (4,6]
Homework Questions
6. (x 1) x 2  x  2  0
x = –1 and 1 make two sides of inequation 1. 3  y  –1  1 y  3 … (i)
equal, hence they are solutions. Also 4  x  6 …(ii)
Feasible region: x2  x  2  0 From (i) and (ii), we get 5  x  y  9
 (x  2) (x + 1)  0
3 3
 x  ( ]  [2, )  2a 3b   2a 3b 
2.       
Also given inequation  x  1  0  x  1  5 5  5 5
 Solution set = [2,)  {1, –1}  2 a 3b  2
=  2a  3b  2a  3b     
7. x  18 < 2  x  5 5 5 5   5 5 
2
To get feasible region, x + 18  0 and 2  x > 0  2a 3b   2a 3b   2a 3b  
    +      
 18  x < 2 …(Feasible region)  5 5   5 5   5 5 
Squaring given inequation 6b   4a 2 9b 2   4a 2 9b 2  
x + 18 < x2  4x + 4 = 2      
5   25 25   25 25  
 x2 5x 14 > 0  (x 7) (x +2) > 0
6b 12a 2 9b 2  18b
 x <  2 or x > 7 = 
5  25
 =
25  125

4a 2  3b 2 
 The solution set = [18, 2)

8. x2  3x  2 > 2x  5 … (i) 3. (a + b + c) [(a b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2]

= (a + b + c) [2(a2 + b2 + c2  ab  bc  ca)]
Feasible region: x2 3x + 2  0
= 2(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc)
 (x  1) (x 2)  0
 x  1 or x  2 4. p3 + (q  p)3  q3
5 = [p +(q  p)]3  3p (q  p) (p + q  p)  q3
If x < then 2x  5 < 0 (i.e. negative)
2 = q3  3pq (q  p)  q3
 L.H.S of (i) is nonnegative and R.H.S. is = 3pq(q p)
5
negative for x <  1
2
1
2 2
5. p   =p + 2 2
5  p  p
 (i) is a true statement for x <
2 = 83 2 = 81
 x  (, 1]   2 ,  is a solution …(ii)
5
p1 =±9
 2 p
3
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JEE (Main): Maths

1 13. (x 2)3 (x  4)2 (x  10)17  0 … (i)
6. m = 2
m (i)  x = 2, 4, 10 are solutions … (ii)
1 Solving (i)  Solving (x  2) (x  10)  0.
 Equality in m  2
m (as even powers of x  2 , x – 4 and x  10 do
1 not contribute to the solution set)
m= =1
m  x  2 or x  10 … (iii)
1 (ii) and (iii)  Solution set
 m4 + 4 = 1 + 1 = 2
m = (, 2]  [10, ) {4}

3 2
4 8
2 2
4 8
2
12
(2 x  1)( x  4)
7. x=     =     =   14.  0
2 3 3 3 3 x2
2  (2x + 1) (x + 4)  0, x ≠ 0
 2 12  24

=  
2 2 1
 x =     x   4 or x   and x ≠ 0
 3   3 2
Solution set = (, 4]    ,   {0}
1
8. Let P(x) = x3  5x2 + x + 1
2
 
P(2) = Remainder = 8  20 + 2 + 1 = 9
4 2
9. Let x be the number. Then 15.  1<0
1 1 x x  1
(12)1 =  
2
(x) 2x  6  x2  1 x2  2x  5
  3  <0 > 0 …(i)
( x  1)( x  1) ( x  1)( x  1)
1 3x 1
 = x= Observe that x2  2x + 5 = (x  1)2 + 4 > 0
12 2 18
1
x2  5 x2  x  6
 (i)  > 0  x < 1 or x > 1
10. +10 0 ( x  1)( x  1)
x 1 x 1
Solution set = (, 1)  (1,)
( x  3)( x  2)
 0
x 1 16. x2  3x  4 < 0
     (x – 4) (x + 1) < 0  1 < x < 4
3 2 1 17. |x 2|  |x + 4|
x =  3, 1, 2 are critical points out of which Squaring  x2  4x + 4  x2 + 8x + 16
x = 3, 2 belong to the solution set.  12x   12  x  1
Solution set = [3, 1)  [ 2, )
1 1
18. < … (i)
11. Let x  3 < 0 i.e. x < 3 x 3 2
Then given inequation  1  x  4  x  5 Case I: x < 0
 x < 3 is a solution …(i) 1 1 1 1
(i)  <  + >0
Also x = 3 is a solution …(ii) x  3 2 2 x3
Let x > 3. Then given inequation  1  x  4 x4
 > 0  x < 4 or x > 3
x5 2( x  3)

 x  5 is a solution …(iii)  x(,4)  (3,0) is a solution …(ii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)  Solution set Case II: x  0
= (, 3]  [5, ) 1 1 5 x
(i)   <0 <0
x3 2 2( x  3)
12. (x  4) (x 10)  0  x  4 or x  10 …(i)
x5
1  >0
(x  9) (2x + 1)  0  x9 …(ii) 2( x  3)
2
 x < 3 or x > 5
 x [0, 3)  (5, ) is a solution … (iii)
1 4 9 10
 (ii) and (iii) give
2
Solution set = (, 4)  (3, 3)  (5, )
Integers which do not satisfy the inequation are
From (i) and (ii), we get x    , 4 
1
 2  4, 3, 3, 4, 5.
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 

Basic Algebra
19. x2  3x + 5 > 0 1 2x  3
 +20 0
 3
2
9 x2 x2
x  + 5  > 0
2  4
 3
 x<2
2 2
 3 11
x  + >0 (a true statement) 3
 2 9   x < 2 is a solution
2
 x R is a solution.
Case II: x  3 > 0  x > 3
2
20. x  5|x| + 6 < 0 1
(i) reduces to 2  0
|x|2  5|x| + 6 < 0 x2
 (|x|  2) (|x|  3) < 0 2 x  5 2x  5
 0 0
2 < |x| < 3  |x| > 2 and |x| < 3 x2 x2
(x < 2 or x > 2) and (3 < x < 3) 2<x
5
(rejected)
 3 < x <  2 or 2 < x < 3 2

The solution set is  , 2 

There is no integer in (–3, –2)  (2, 3) 3
2 
21. |x2  2x  8| > 2x … (i)
There is no integer in  , 2 
3
All x  0 are solutions … (ii)
2  
(i)  |(x  4) (x + 2)| > 2x
Let 0 < x < 4 x2  1
24. <1 …(i)
(i) (4 –x) (x + 2)  2x x  x 1
2

 x2  8  –2 2  x  2 2 2
3
 1 3
 0  x  2 2 is a solution … (iii) Observe that x2 + x + 1 =  x    
 2 4 4
Let x ≥ 4  x2 +x + 1 is positive for all x
(i)  (4 –x) (x + 2) > 2x  (i)  | x2 – 1| < x2 + x + 1
 x2  4x  8 > 0
  x2  x  1 < x2  1 < x2 + x + 1
 (x  2)2 > 12
 2x2 + x > 0 and x >  2
 x  2 <  2 3 or x  2 > 2 3
  x   or x  0  and x > 2
1
 x < 2  2 3 or x > 2 + 2 3
 2 
 x > 2 + 2 3 is a solution …(iv)
Solution set =  2,    (0, )
1
(ii), (iii) and (iv) give solution set
 2
= (, 2 2 )  (2 + 2 3 ,)
1
22. | |x  1|  x |  4 …(i) a = 2, b =  , c = 0  ab + bc + ca = 1
2
Case I: x < 1
(i)  |1 x  x|  4  |2x  1|  4 25. Given inequation  x3 (x 3)  (x  3) < 0
  4  2x 1  4
3 5  (x 3) (x3  1) < 0
 x  (x  3) (x  1) (x2 + x + 1) < 0
2 2
3  1 < x < 3 as x2 + x + 1 is positive for x.
   x < 1 is a solution …(ii)
2 The only integer in the solution set is 2.
Case II: x  1
(i)  |x  1  x|  4  1  4 (true) 26. (x  3) < x2  4x  5 … (i)
 x  1 is a solution …(iii) Feasible region:
x2 + 4x  5  0  (x + 5) (x  1)  0
(ii) and (iii)  Solution set =   ,  
3
 x  5 or x  1
 2 
…[Feasible region]
x3 If x < 3 then L.H.S of (i) < 0 and R.H.S  0
23. 20 …(i)
x2  5x  6  x < 3 makes (i) a meaningful statement.
Case I: x  3 < 0  x < 3  x   5 or 1  x < 3 is a solution … (ii)

(i) reduces to
( x  3)
2  0 Let x  3. Then squaring (i) we get
( x  3)( x  2) x2  6x + 9 < x2 + 4x 5
5
 

JEE (Main): Maths

 14 < 10x 1 13 1 13
 x
7 6 6
x>
5  1  13 
 x ≥ 3 is a solution … (iii)  x   0,  is a solution … (iii)
 6 
 (ii) and (iii)
(ii) and (iii)
 Solution set = (, 5]  [1, )
 1  13 
 Solution set = (, 2)   1, 
2 x  1 3x  1  6 
27.  >1
3 2
2 2
 4x + 2  9x + 3 > 6 30. x 2  2 x  8 =  x + 2x + 8 =  (x  2x – 8)
1 …(i)
 5x < 1  x < 
5
| a | = –a  a is negative
 the required greatest integer is 1.
(i)  x2  2x – 8 < 0
28. |x + 1| + |x + 4| > 7 …(i)  (x  4) (x + 2) < 0
Case I: x < 4 2<x<4
(i)  2x  5 > 7   2x > 12  x < 6  The integral values of x satisfying
 x < 6 is a solution.  2 < x < 4 are 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Case II: 4  x < 1 Required sum =  1 + 0 +1 + 2 + 3 = 5

(i)  x + 4  x  1 > 7  3 > 7 (absurd) 31. For (x + 2)2 (x + 4)2 > 0 except for x = −2, −4 …
(i) So the inequation will be equivalent
 No solution in [4,1) to (x −1) (x − 3) (x − 5) < 0
Case III: x   1 ⇒ x∞−( ∈, 1) ∪ (3, 5) …(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
(i)  2x + 5 > 7  x > 1
 x > 1 is a solution x− ,∞−( ∈4) −( ∪4, −2) −( ∪ 2, 1) ∪ (3, 5)
 Solution set = (,6)  (1,) ⇒ Largest integral value must be 4.
Required least positive integer = 2

29. x 2  3x  2 < 1 + x2  x  1 13
24 5 Numerical Value Type Questions
Feasible region:
2

x2  x + 1  0   x    
1 3 3 22 21
6561 = 38 = 32 , (32)4 =  9  , (34)2 =  81
3
1.
 2 4 4
2 Three possible triplets of (a,b,c) are (3,2,3),
x + 3x + 2  0  (x + 1) (x + 2)  0
(9,2,2) and (81,2,1)
 x  2 or x  1 Maximum value of abc = (81)(2) = 162
Feasible region = (,2]  [1,)
Squaring given inequation, 2. Let a = 3 11 + 3 121
x2 + 3x + 2 < 1 + x2  x + 1 + 2 x2  x  1 
 a +  3 11  +   121  = 0 3

 a3 +   11  +   121  = 3a( 
3 3
 4x < 2 x2  x  1 … (i)
3 3 3
11 ) (  3 121 )

 x < 0 is a solution as x < 0 makes L.H.S. …[ a + b + c = 0  a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc]

negative and R.H.S. is non negative.  a3  11  121 = 3a(11)
 x  (,2]  [–1, 0) is a solution … (ii)  a3  33a  132 = 0
Let x  0.  ‘a’ satisfies the cubic equation
Squaring (i), 4x2  x2 – x + 1 x3  33x  132 = 0
If the other two roots are b and c, then
 3x2 + x – 1  0
x3  33x  132 = (x  a) (x b) (x  c)
2
 1 1  abc = 132
 3  x   1 +
 6 12
3. |2x  3| = 7
2
13
  x   
1 2x  3 = ± 7
 6 36  2x = 10 or 4
66
 

Basic Algebra
 x = 5 or 2
Sum of the values = 3
4. 2|x + 1| > x + 6 …(i)
If x + 6 < 0 (i.e., x <  6) then (i) is a true
statement.
 x < 6 is a solution …(ii)
Let x  6 then
(ii)  2(x +1) <  x  6 or 2(x + 1) > x + 6
 3x < 8 or x > 4
x  6, 
8
    4,   …(iii)
 3
(ii) and (iii)  solution set
=   ,    (4, )
8
 3 
a = 5, b = –3  a – b = 8
2
1  1 
5. x4  4
=  x2  2   2
x  x 
2
 1
2

=  x    2   2
 x  
= [(6)2 + 2]2 2 = 1444  2
= 1442