Data Types
Text Type: Str
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: Dict
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: Bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview
Python Numbers
There are three numeric types in Python:
int
float
complex
x=1
y = 2.8
z = 1j
Getting the Data Type
You can get the data type of any object by using the type () function:
Example
Print the data type of the variable x:
x = 5
print(type(x))
LIST
Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
Create a List:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist)
List Items
List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has
index [1] etc.
Allow Duplicates
Since lists are indexed, lists can have items with the same value:
Lists allow duplicate values:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry"]
print(thislist)
Access Items
List items are indexed and you can access them by referring to the index
number:
Example
Print the second item of the list:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist [1])
Range of Indexes
You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to
end the range.
When specifying a range, the return value will be a new list with the specified
items.
Example
Return the third, fourth, and fifth item:
thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]
print(thislist[2:5])
By leaving out the start value, the range will start at the first item:
Example
This example returns the items from the beginning to, but NOT including,
"kiwi":
thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]
print(thislist [:4])
By leaving out the end value, the range will go on to the end of the list:
This example returns the items from "cherry" to the end:
thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]
print(thislist[2:])
Change Item Value
To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:
Change the second item:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(thislist)
Change a Range of Item Values
Change the values "banana" and "cherry" with the values "blackcurrant" and
"watermelon":
thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "mango"]
thislist[1:3] = ["blackcurrant", "watermelon"]
print(thislist)
Append Items
To add an item to the end of the list, use the append () method:
Using the append () method to append an item:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)
Insert Items
To insert a list item at a specified index, use the insert() method.
The insert() method inserts an item at the specified index:
Insert an item as the second position:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.insert(1, "orange")
print(thislist)
Extend List
To append elements from another list to the current list, use
the extend() method.
Example
Add the elements of tropical to thislist:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
tropical = ["mango", "pineapple", "papaya"]
thislist.extend(tropical)
print(thislist)
Remove Specified Item
The remove() method removes the specified item.
Example
Remove "banana":
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)
Remove Specified Index
The pop() method removes the specified index.
Example
Remove the second item:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.pop(1)
print(thislist)
Sort List Alphanumerically
List objects have a sort() method that will sort the list alphanumerically,
ascending, by default:
Example
Sort the list alphabetically:
thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
thislist.sort()
print(thislist)
Sort the list numerically:
thislist = [100, 50, 65, 82, 23]
thislist.sort()
print(thislist)
Join Two Lists
There are several ways to join, or concatenate, two or more lists in Python.
One of the easiest ways are by using the + operator.
Example
Join two list:
list1 = ["a", "b", "c"]
list2 = [1, 2, 3]
list3 = list1 + list2
print(list3)
