DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC

DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING SYSTEM

A Thesis submitted
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the
Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in

Electrical Engineering

by

MD WASIM MOLLICK
[27601621001] BITTU KUMAR
[27601621003] BIKASH KR MAHATO
[27601621010] ARGHA SEN
[27601621013]
MUHAMMAD ARSH [27601621014]
Under the Supervision of
M/s Priya Adak
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY KOLKATA-700138, INDIA

June, 2025
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis report entitled “Design of an Automatic Door Opening & Closing
System” by Argha Sen, Bittu Kumar, MD Arsh, MD Wasim Mollick, Bikash
Kr Mahato (27601621013, 27601621003, 27601621014, 27601621001,
27601621010) is approved for the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical Engineering.

Board of Examiners Signature

External Examiner
Supervisor

PRIC Committee Members

Ms. Sudeshna Nath

Assistant Professor & Head, Date :
Department of Electrical Engineering Place:
 BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work contained in the thesis titled “Automatic Door Opening
& Closing System.”, which is being submitted by Argha Sen, Bittu Kumar, MD
Arsh, MD Wasim Mollick, Bikash Kr Mahato (27601621013, 27601621003,
27601621014, 27601621001, 27601621010) Budge Budge Institute of Technology,
Budge Budge in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering during the academic year 2024-
2025 is the record of her own work carried by her under my supervision andthat to the
best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

I approve this thesis for the above-mentioned degree.

Supervisor Date:
M/s Priya Adak
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
BBIT, Kolkata
 UNDERTAKING

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and
where other’s ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. We understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute
and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly
cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

June, 2025 (Argha Sen, Bittu Kumar, MD Arsh, MD Wasim Mollick, Bikash Kr Mahato)

Kolka (27601621013, 27601621003, 27601621014, 27601621001, 27601621010)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a matter of great honor for me to take this opportunity to extend my sincere thanks
and heartiest gratitude to my respected supervisor cum guide M/s Priya Adak,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of
Technology, Kolkata for guiding me throughout my project with his profound
knowledge, great benevolence and constant encouragement to bring this dissertation
into reality. Her active contribution and constant co-ordination has always been asource
of inspiration for me to go deep into the project and logically analyze every point with
proper reasoning and justification.

Lastly, I would like to thank all my teachers, seniors and my friends for their help and
co-operation rendered directly or indirectly and creating an environment that was very
encouraging and pleasurable to carry out the whole work.

Argha Sen, Bittu Kumar, MD Arsh, MD Wasim Mollick, Bikash Kr Mahato

(27601621013, 27601621003, 27601621014, 27601621001, 27601621010)

 CHAPTER – 1

ABSTRACT

This project presents the design and implementation of an

Automatic Door Opening and Closing System that combines
a Fingerprint Scanner for secure access control with a PIR
(Passive Infrared) Sensor for motion detection-based
automation. The fingerprint scanner ensures that only
authorized users can unlock and access the door, while the
PIR sensor detects motion near the doorway to trigger
automatic opening and closing. Once an authorized
fingerprint is scanned, the system checks for nearby
movement using the PIR sensor and then activates a motor
to open the door. After a preset delay or when no further
motion is detected, the door closes automatically. This dual-
sensor integration enhances both security and user
convenience, making the system ideal for smart homes,
offices, and restricted zones. The project involves the use of a
microcontroller such as Arduino, motor driver circuits, and
biometric modules, giving students practical exposure to
embedded systems, sensor interfacing, and real-time
automation. It incorporates key concepts of embedded
systems, including sensor integration, microcontroller
programming.
 CHAPTER -2

INTRODUCTION

In today’s world, automation and security are key aspects of

modern living, especially in smart homes, offices, and secure
facilities. One common and practical application of
automation is the automatic door system, which enhances
convenience, reduces energy loss, and improves safety. This
project focuses on developing an Automatic Door Opening
and Closing System that combines biometric security using
a fingerprint scanner with motion detection using a Passive
Infrared (PIR) sensor.
The fingerprint scanner adds a layer of security by ensuring
that only authorized individuals can access the door. Unlike
traditional keys or password-based systems, fingerprint
authentication is more secure and difficult to duplicate.
Once the user is authenticated, the PIR sensor detects
motion near the door, which triggers the motor to open the
door. After the person passes through or no motion is
detected for a defined time, the system automatically closes
the door.
This intelligent system minimizes human effort, ensures
safety, and maintains hygiene by reducing physical contact
with door handles. It is particularly useful in environments
like hospitals, labs, smart buildings, and high-security
zones. The project integrates various components such as a
microcontroller (e.g., Arduino), fingerprint module, PIR
sensor, and motor drivers, providing a hands-on learning
experience in embedded systems, automation, and security
technology.
 CHAPTER – 3

(BASIC CONCEPTION OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING & CLOSING SYSTEM)

3.1 CONCEPT OF DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING & CLOSING SYSTEM

The concept behind the Automatic Door Opening and

Closing System using PIR Sensor and Fingerprint
Scanner is to develop a smart, secure, and efficient
way to control access to a room or building. The
system integrates biometric authentication and
motion sensing to automate door operations while
ensuring that only authorized individuals are granted
entry.
3.2 BASIC CIRCUIT OF DESIGH OF AN AUTOMATIC DOOR OPRNING & CLOSING SYSTEM

1. ARDUINO UNO R3 & UNO CABLE :-

THE ARDUINO UNO R3 IS A MICROCONTROLLER BOARD BASED ON THE
ATmega328P COMMONLY USED FOR BEGINNER & INTERMEDIATE
ELECTRONIC PROJECT. IT INCLUDE 14 DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT PINS, 6
ANALOG INPUT & AN EASY-TO-USE USB INTERFACE FOR
PROGRAMMING.THE UNO CABLE (USUALLY A USB-A TO USB-B CABLE)
CONNECTS THE BOARD TO A COMPUTER FOR POWER & DATA
TRANSFER, ENABLING CODE UPLOADS FROM THE ARDUINO IDE.

2. DC GEAR MOTOR (12V):

A DC gear motor combines a standard DC motor with a gear reduction system, which:
 Increases torque – enough to push/pull a door
 Reduces speed – so the door moves smoothly and safely
 Allows easy direction control (open/close) via a motor driver
3. PIR SENSOR:

A PIR (PASSIVE INFRARED) SENSOR DETECTS INFRARED RADIATION FROM

OBJECTS WITHIN ITS RANGE, PRIMARILY USED FOR MOTION
DETECTION. IT SENSES CHANGES IN HEAT, SUCH AS HUMAN BODY
MOVEMENT, MAKING IT POPULAR FOR SECURITY & AUTOMATIC
SESTEMS.

4. DC MOTOR DRIVER MODULE (HW-95 L298N):

IT IS A DUAL H – BRIDGE MOTOR DRIVER MODULE THAT ALLOWS

CONTROL OF TWO DC MOTORS OR A STEPPER MOTOR USING EXTERNAL
POWER SOURCE UPTO 35V. IT ENABLES FORWARD, REVERSE & SPEED
CONTROL MAKING IT POPULAR FOR ROBOTICS & MOTORIZED PROJECTS.

5. FINGERPRINT SCANNER MODULE (R3075):

 IT IS A BIOMETRIC DEVICE THAT CAPTURES & STORE FINGERPRINT
DATA FOR IDENTIFICATION & SECURITY PURPOSE. IT INCLUDES A
BUILT IN PROCESSOR FOR PROCESSING, MAKING IT EASY TO
INTEGRATE INTO ARDUINO & MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS FOR
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS.

6. 16*2 LCD DISPLAY MODULE (JHD 162A):

A 16*2 LCD DISPLAY MODULE THAT CAN SHOW TWO LINES OF 16

CHARACTERS, COMMONLY USED IN ELECTRONICS PROJECTS FOR
TEXT OUTPUT. IT OPERATES WITH AN HD44780-COMPATIBLE
CONTROLLER, MAKING IT EASY TO INTERFACE WITH ARDUINO &
OTHER MICROCONTROLLERS FOR DISPLAYING MESSAGES & DATA.
7. PIEZO BUZZER:

IT IS A SOUND PRODUCING DEVICE THAT GENERATES TONES WHEN AN

ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CAUSE ITS PHIZOELECTRIC MATERIAL TO VIBRATE.

8. CAPACITOR:

IT IS AN ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR USED FOR ENERY STORAGE,

FILTERING & SMOOTHING VOLTAGE IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS. THE 200
UF INDICATES ITS CAPACITANCE VALUE, WHILE THE 25V RATING
SPECIFIES THE MAXIMUM VOLTAGE IT CAN HANDLE.

9. LED (GREEN & RED):

LEDs (LIGHT EMITTING DIODES) ARE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES THAT

EMIT LIGHT WHEN AN ELECTRIC CURRENT PASSES THROUGH THEM.
GREEN LEDs EMIT LIGHT IN THE GREEN SPECTRUM, WHILE RED LEDs
EMIT LIGHT IN THE RED SPECTRUM.
10. RESISTOR:

IT LIMITS THE CURRENT FLOW IN A CIRCUIT, HELPING TO PROTECT

COMPONENTS & CONTROL VOLTAGE LEVEL. IT IS COMMONLY USED IN
ELECTRONICS TO MANAGE CURRENT ACCORDING TO OHM’s LAW,
ENSURING SAFE & EFFICIENT CIRCUIT OPERATION.

11. BATTERY:

A BATTERY INDICATES ITS CAPACITY TO STORE CHARGE, MEANING IT

CAN SUPPLY 2000 MILLIAMPHERES CURRENT FOR ONE HOUR. IT
DETERMINES HOW LONG A BATTERY CAN POWER A DEVICE BEFORE
NEEDING A RECHARGE.
12. DIGITAL MULTIMETER:

IT IS A VERSATILE DIGITAL MULTIMETER DESIGNED TO MEASURE

VOLTAGE (AC/DC), CURRENT (AC/DC) & RESISTANCE. IT INCLUDES
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS LIKE DIODE TESTING & CONTINUITY CHECKING,
MAKING IT USEFUL FOR A RANGE OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION. WITH
ITS DIGITAL DISPLAY, IT PROVIDES PRECISE & EASY TO READ
MEASURMENTS FOR BOTH PROFESSIONALS & HOBBYISTS.

13. DC POWER JACK:

IT IS A CYLINDRICAL CONNECTOR USED TO SUPPLY DIRECT CURRENT

(DC) POWER TO ELECTRONIC DEVICES. IT TYPICALLY HAS A CENTRAL
PIN FOR THE POSITIVE TERMINAL & AN OUTER SLEEVE FOR THE
NEGATIVE TERMINAL. THEY ARE COMMONLY FOUND IN DEVICES LIKE –
LAPTOP, ROUTERS & VARIOUS PORTABLE ELECTRONICS, PROVIDING A
SECURE CONNECTION FOR POWER INPUT.
14. BREAD BOARD (MB-102):

IT IS A REUSABLE PLATFORM USED FOR PHOTOTYPING ELECTRONIC

CIRCUITS WITHOUT SOLDERING. IT HAS A GRID OF INTERCONNECTED
HOLES FOR INSERTING COMPONENTS & WIRES, MAKING IT EASY TO TEST
& MODIFY CIRCUITS.

15. VERO BOARD (2*3 INCH):

IT IS A PERFORATED BOARD USED FOR SOLDERING & ASSEMBLING

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS. IT HAS PRE-DRILLED HOLES & COPPER STRIPS
ALLOWING COMPONENTS TO BE CONNECTED THROUGH SOLDERING.
THIS COMPACT SIZE IS IDEAL FOR CREATING SMALL, CUSTOM CIRCUITS
MAKING IT A POPULAR CHOICE FOR DIY PROJECTS & PROTOTYPES.
16. DC ADAPTER:

IT IS A POWER SUPPLY UNIT THAT CONVERTS ALTERNATING CURRENT

(AC) FROM A WALL OUTLET INTO DIRECT CURRENT ( DC ) FOR POWERING
ELECTRONIC DEVICES. IT TYPICALLY INCLUDES A PLUG THAT FITS INTO
A DEVICES POWER INPUT JACK, DELIVERING A STABLE DC VOLTAGE.
THEY ARE COMMONLY USED FOR DEVICES LIKE – LAPTOPs, ROUTERs &
PORTABLE ELECTRONICS.

17. JUMPER CABLE:

THEY ARE FLEXIBLE WIRES WITH CONNECTORS AT BOTH ENDS, USED TO

ESTABLISH TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN A
COMPONENT OR CIRCUITS. THEY ARE COMMONLY USED IN
PHOTOTYPING & TESTING TO QUICKLY LINK DIFFERENT PARTS
OF A CIRCUIT.
18. MOSFET 7805:

The 7805 fixed voltage regulator is designed with thermal overload

protection that shuts down the circuit when subjected to an excessive
power overload condition, internal short circuit protection that limits
maximum current the circuit will pass and output transistor safe area
compensation that reduces the output.

19. HEAT SINK:

A heat sink is a device that transfers heat away from a heat source, like a
CPU in a computer. It's typically made of a thermally conductive material
like aluminum or copper and has fins or other structures to increase
surface area, enabling more efficient heat dissipation.
20. PUSH BUTTON:

A push button is a type of switch, or sometimes a button, that

activates or deactivates something when pressed. It's a simple
mechanism used in various devices to trigger an action, signal a
system, or control the flow of electricity.
3.3 OPERATION OF DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING & CLOSING SYSTEM

Operation

The Automatic Door Opening and Closing System is designed to

operate in two stages: authentication and automation.

 Step 1: Fingerprint Authentication

o When a person approaches the door, they are required

to place their finger on the fingerprint scanner.
o The scanner compares the fingerprint against stored
fingerprints in the system’s memory.
o If the fingerprint matches an authorized user, the system
proceeds to the next step.
o If authentication fails, access is denied and the door
remains closed.

 Step 2: Motion Detection and Door Control

o Once a valid fingerprint is detected, the PIR (Passive

Infrared) sensor becomes active.
o If the PIR sensor detects motion near the door, it sends a
signal to the microcontroller.
o The microcontroller then sends a command to the motor
driver to rotate the DC motor or servo motor, which opens
the door.
o After a pre-set delay (e.g., 5–10 seconds) or when no
further motion is detected, the microcontroller
triggers the motor to close the door automatically.
3.4 APPLICATION OF DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING & CLOSING SYSTEM

1. Smart Homes
 Provides secure and automated access to homes.
 Prevents unauthorized entry through biometric authentication.
 Offers convenience by automatically opening and closing doors without
physical effort.
2. Offices and Corporate Buildings
 Ensures that only authorized employees can access specific areas.
 Reduces the need for physical ID cards or keys.
 Improves workflow and security in high-traffic zones like
conference rooms or server rooms.
3. Laboratories and Research Facilities
 Restricts entry to sensitive or hazardous environments.
 Enhances hygiene by reducing contact with door handles.
 Keeps access logs using fingerprint data (in advanced systems).
4. Hospitals and Healthcare Centers
 Maintains hygiene by enabling touchless door operation.
 Provides controlled access to ICU, operating rooms, and medicine storage
areas.
 Reduces the risk of contamination.
5. Banks and Secure Vaults
 Enhances physical security with fingerprint-based access.
 Useful for controlling access to vaults, lockers, and restricted zones.
 Helps monitor and log user access history.
6. Hostels and Educational Institutions
 Used for automatic control of entry to hostels, classrooms, or exam halls.
 Restricts unauthorized students or staff from entering specific areas.
7. Airports and Transportation Hubs
 Helps in automating restricted entry points (e.g., staff-only zones).
 Adds an additional layer of security to sensitive areas.
3.5 BENEFITS OF DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING & CLOSING SYSTEM

1. Enhanced Security
 Biometric authentication ensures that only authorized individuals can
access the area.
 Fingerprints are unique and difficult to duplicate, making the system
more secure than traditional keys or passwords.

2. Touchless Operation
 The PIR sensor allows for hands-free operation, reducing the need to
physically touch door handles.
 Ideal for hygiene-sensitive environments such as hospitals, laboratories,
and kitchens.

3. User Convenience
 Users don’t need to carry keys or remember PIN codes.
 The door opens automatically after successful authentication and motion
detection, saving time and effort.

4. Energy Efficiency
 The door remains open only when motion is detected, which helps in
reducing the loss of air-conditioning or heating, thus conserving energy.

5. Reduced Human Intervention

 The system is fully automated, minimizing the need for manual operation
or supervision.
 Suitable for areas that require automated access control.

6. Customizable and Scalable

 The system can be modified to include more sensors, additional
authentication methods, or logging features.
 Easily adaptable for both small-scale and large-scale applications.

7. Cost-Effective
 Uses readily available components like Arduino, fingerprint modules, PIR
sensors, and basic motors.
 Offers a low-cost solution with features typically found in expensive
commercial systems.

8. Safety Improvement
 Reduces the chances of accidents by ensuring the door closes
automatically after use.
 Prevents unauthorized access to dangerous or restricted zones.
 CHAPTER – 4

LITERATURE SURVEY

The integration of biometric systems and motion sensors in door

automation has been widely studied in recent years due to
increasing demands for both security and convenience. This
literature survey highlights various existing systems and
research efforts that contribute to the design of an Automatic
Door Opening and Closing System using Fingerprint Scanner
and PIR Sensor.

1. Motion Sensor-Based Door Automation

Several projects and papers have explored the use of PIR (Passive
Infrared) sensors for detecting human presence near doors.
 Sharma & Gupta (2016) developed an automatic door system
using a PIR sensor and microcontroller to open doors upon
detecting motion. While this improved hygiene and
convenience, it lacked secure access control.
 Kumar et al. (2017) designed a system using ultrasonic sensors
and PIR to automate doors in hospitals, showing the efficiency
of motion sensors in reducing manual contact and improving
hygiene.
These systems work well in public spaces but are vulnerable to
unauthorized access.

2. Fingerprint-Based Access Systems

Fingerprint authentication has been widely implemented for its

high security and uniqueness.
  Ramesh et al. (2018) proposed a door lock system using the
R305 fingerprint module interfaced with Arduino. The door
would only unlock when an authorized fingerprint was
matched.
 Deshmukh & Kale (2019) enhanced this concept with a GSM
module for remote alerts upon unauthorized access attempts.
These designs focus on security, but they often require manual door
operation or lack motion detection automation.

3. Integrated Biometric and Motion-Based Systems

More recent research has combined fingerprint authentication with

PIR-based automation to offer both security and touchless operation.
 Patil et al. (2020) implemented a smart door system using both
a fingerprint module and a PIR sensor to detect presence and
verify identity before opening the door.
 Ahmed & Rahman (2021) designed a home automation system
using IoT, integrating fingerprint verification with motion
detection and voice control.
These systems demonstrate the effectiveness of combining biometric
verification for access control with PIR sensors for automatic door
operation. However, most designs are either complex or expensive to
implement in small-scale environments.
 CHAPTER – 5

GAP ANALYSIS

1. EXISTING SYSTEM ANALYSIS:

System Type Features Limitations

Manual Doors High security with Requires physical effort;

with Locks physical keys keys can be lost
PIR Sensor-Based Automatic, touchless No user authentication; open
Doors operation for anyone
Fingerprint-Based High security with Requires physical touch;
Doors biometric verification may not be automatic
RFID/Bluetooth Contactless access Cards/devices can be lost or
Based Doors with tags/cards cloned

2. IDENTIFIED GAPS IN EXISTING SYSTEMS:

Identified Gap Impact
Lack of dual-layer authentication Motion sensors open doors for anyone

No intelligent integration of sensor Systems are usually either secure or

+ biometrics automatic—not both
Lack of cost-effective solutions for Many systems are too expensive or
small setups complex
Low energy efficiency or lack of Wastes power due to lack of control
power regulation logic
Limited use in access-sensitive Insecure where authorized access is
areas (labs, offices) critical
3. DESIRED SYSTEM FEATURES (TARGET STATE):

Feature Benefit

Fingerprint High-level security and access

scanner for identity
control

Enables touchless, user-friendly

PIR sensor for motion detection operation
DC gear motor with control logic Smooth and safe door movement

Power regulation (e.g., 7805

+ MOSFET) Efficient and safe power distribution

Easy to implement in homes, labs,

Affordable and modular design schools

4. GAP BRIDGING STRATEGY:

Gap How This Project Solves It

No security in PIR-only
Adds fingerprint verification before
systems
triggering the door
Manual operation in
Adds PIR for automation after
fingerprint-only systems
identity verification
Complex and costly
Uses affordable components like
commercial systems
Arduino, PIR, R305, etc.

Power inefficiency Incorporates 7805 voltage regulation

and MOSFET switching
 OBJECTIVE & OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT

OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN

The Automatic Door Opening and Closing System using Fingerprint

Scanner and PIR Sensor is an innovative project that integrates biometric
security and motion detection technology to provide a secure, hands-free
door access solution. This system is especially useful in environments such
as homes, offices, laboratories, and restricted areas, where both security
and convenience are priorities.

Objectives of the System:

 Enhance security using biometric access

 Enable touchless entry for hygiene and convenience
 Reduce energy use with smart control and timing
 Automate door operation with smooth gear motor control
 Provide a low-cost and scalable solution for secure access

OUTCOME

The successful implementation of the Automatic Door Opening and Closing

System using Fingerprint Scanner and PIR Sensor has achieved the
primary objectives of the project — combining security, automation, and
efficiency in one integrated solution.
Key Outcomes:

1. Biometric Authentication Achieved:

o Only authorized users can access the door via the fingerprint
scanner.
o Ensures secure, personalized entry, eliminating the need for
keys or cards.

2. Touchless Operation Enabled:

o Once a fingerprint is verified, the PIR sensor detects motion
to automatically trigger door opening.
o Promotes hygiene and convenience by minimizing contact.

3. Reliable Door Mechanism:

o DC gear motor successfully opens and closes the door with
sufficient torque and smooth movement.
o Motor control logic ensures timely and safe operation.

4. Power Optimization Implemented:

o 7805 voltage regulator and MOSFET used to stabilize power
supply for sensors and motor.
o Efficient use of energy prevents overheating or power surges.

5. Cost-Effective and Scalable Design:

o Built using readily available, affordable components like
Arduino, R305, PIR sensor, and L298N.
o The design can be scaled or customized for homes, labs,
schools, or offices.
 6. Enhanced Safety and Security:
o Door remains closed and locked unless the correct
fingerprint is presented.
o Prevents unauthorized access even if motion is detected.

Overall Learning and Project Impact:

 Developed hands-on skills in embedded systems, sensor

integration, motor control, and biometric authentication.
 Gained knowledge in power regulation, real-time logic
control, and automated system design.
 Demonstrated a practical solution to a real-world problem
with potential for further improvement (e.g., mobile app
control, cloud-based access logs, facial recognition, etc.).
 CHAPTER -7

7.1 PROPOSED CIRCUIT:

7.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED CIRCUIT:
7.3 OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED CIRCUIT:

The automatic door opening and closing system functions by

combining biometric verification and motion detection to
allow access only to authorized users, followed by automated
door control. The system is designed to ensure both security
and convenience.

Step-by-Step Operating Principle:

1. Standby Mode:
o The system remains in a standby state,
continuously monitoring for fingerprint input.

2. Fingerprint Authentication:
o The user places their finger on the fingerprint scanner
(e.g., R305).
o The scanner compares the input with
stored fingerprint templates.
o If the fingerprint is recognized, the system moves to the
next step.
o If the fingerprint is invalid, the door remains
closed and access is denied.

3. Motion Detection:
o Once the fingerprint is verified, the PIR sensor
becomes active for a short duration.
 o If motion is detected during this period (i.e., the
authorized person is approaching the door), the
system triggers the motor.

4. Door Opening:
o A signal is sent to the motor driver (e.g., L298N).
o The DC gear motor activates and opens the door.
o The system may include a timer or IR sensor
to confirm passage.

5. Automatic Door Closing:

o After a predefined time delay or when no motion
is detected, the motor reverses direction.
o The door automatically closes, returning to the
locked state.

6. Power Management:
o A 7805 voltage regulator supplies 5V to the
microcontroller and sensors.
o A MOSFET is used to switch the high-current motor
safely.
o

Key Features:
 Combines biometric security with motion-based automation.
 Ensures only verified users can open the door.
 Promotes touchless operation after authentication.
 Supports safe power handling and energy efficiency.
7.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED CIRCUIT:

 ARDUINO UNO R3 & UNO CABLE

 DC GEAR MOTOR (12V)
 PIR SENSOR
 DC MOTOR DRIVER MODULE (HW-95 L298N)
 FINGERPRINT SENSOR MODULE (R-3075)
 16*2 INCH LCD DISPLAY MODULE (JHD 162A)
 MOSFET 7805
 PIEZO BUZZER
 CAPACITOR
 RESISTOR
 LED (GREEN & RED)
 BATTERY
 DIGITAL MULTIMETER (DT-830D)
 DC POWER JACK
 BREAD BOARD (MB-102)
 VERO BOARD (2*3 INCH)
 DC ADAPTER
 JUMPER WIRES
 HEAT SINK
 PUSH BUTTON
 CHAPTER – 8

IMPLEMENTED CIRCUIT

8.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE IMPLEMENTED CIRCUIT:

8.2 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS & THEIR COST:

 ARDUINO UNO R3 & UNO CABLE : RS – 749

 DC GEAR MOTOR (12V) : RS – 195
 PIR SENSOR : RS – 69
 DC MOTOR DRIVER MODULE : RS – 188
 FINGERPRINT SENSOR MODULE : RS – 990
 16*2 LCD DISPLAY MODULE : RS – 399
 MOSFET 7805 : RS – 150
 PIEZO BUZZER : RS – 50
 CAPACITOR : RS – 68
 RESISTOR : RS – 60
 LED ( GREEN & RED ) : RS – 50
 BATTERY : RS – 100
 DIGITAL MULTIMETER : RS – 249
 DC POWER JACK : RS – 60
 BREAD BOARD : RS – 150
 VERO BOARD : RS – 35
 DC ADAPTER : RS – 449
 JUMPER WIRES : RS – 70
 HEAT SINK : RS – 380
 PUSH BUTTON : RS – 75
8.2 OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE IMPLEMENTED CIRCUIT:

System Components

1. Fingerprint Scanner: Used for authenticating authorized

personnel.
2. PIR Sensor: Detects motion to trigger door operations.
3. Microcontroller (e.g., ARDUINO): Processes inputs from
sensors and controls the motor driver.
4. Motor Driver (e.g., L298N): Controls the direction and speed
of the door motor.
5. DC Motor: Drives the door's movement.
6. LED Indicators: Show the status of the door (open/closed).
7. Power Supply: Provides necessary power to the components.

Operating Principle
1. Initial State: The door remains closed, and the system is in standby
mode.

2. Motion Detection:
o The PIR sensor detects motion.
o If motion is detected, the system checks for fingerprint
authentication.

3. Fingerprint Authentication:
o The fingerprint scanner captures and matches the fingerprint.
o If the fingerprint matches an authorized user, the system proceeds
to open the door.
o If the fingerprint does not match, the system denies access.
4. Door Operation:
o Upon successful authentication, the microcontroller sends signals
to the motor driver to open the door.
o The DC motor drives the door to the open position.
o LED indicators show the door's status.

5. Closing the Door:

o After a set time or when no motion is detected, the system sends
signals to the motor driver to close the door.
o The DC motor drives the door to the closed position.

Connections Overview:

 PIR Sensor:
o VCC to 5V
o GND to GND
o OUT to ARDUINO Digital Pin (e.g., D2)

 Fingerprint Scanner:
o VCC to 5V
o GND to GND
o TX to ARDUINO RX
o RX to ARDUINO TX

 Motor Driver (L298N):

o IN1 to ARDUINO Digital Pin (e.g., D3)
o IN2 to ARDUINO Digital Pin (e.g., D4)
o OUT1 to Motor
o OUT2 to Motor
o ENA to 5V
 DC Motor:
o Connected to OUT1 and OUT2 of L298N

 LED Indicators:
o Anode to ARDUINO Digital Pins (e.g., D5 for Green, D6
for Red)
o Cathode to GND through appropriate resistors.

Power Supply:

 Ensure the power supply matches the requirements of the

components, typically 5V for ARDUINO and sensors, and 12V
for the motor and motor driver.
8.4 PROGRAMMING USING ARDUINO:

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// LCD
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Motor
#define MOTOR_IN1 10
#define MOTOR_IN2 11
#define MOTOR_ENA 9

// Buzzer & PIR

#define BUZZER 5
#define PIR 2

// Status LEDs
#define LED_OPEN 3
#define LED_CLOSED 4

// Buttons
#define BUTTON_OK A0
#define BUTTON_BACK A1
#define BUTTON_LEFT A2
#define BUTTON_RIGHT A3

// Fingerprint
SoftwareSerial fingerSerial(6, 7);
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger =
Adafruit_Fingerprint(&fingerSerial);

// Modes
enum Mode { SELECT_MODE, PIR_MODE,
FINGERPRINT_MODE, MAIN_MENU, AUTHENTICATE };
Mode currentMode = SELECT_MODE;

int menuIndex = 0;
String mainMenu[] = {"Enroll", "Delete ID", "Delete All", "View
IDs", "Auth Entry", "Switch to PIR"};
int totalMenuItems = 6;

unsigned long lastMotionTime = 0;

bool motionHandled = false;

void setup() {
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIR, INPUT);
pinMode(LED_OPEN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_CLOSED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(BUTTON_OK, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(BUTTON_BACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(BUTTON_LEFT, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(BUTTON_RIGHT, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(MOTOR_IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(MOTOR_IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(MOTOR_ENA, OUTPUT);
stopMotor();

digitalWrite(LED_OPEN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_CLOSED, HIGH);

Serial.begin(9600);
finger.begin(57600);
if (finger.verifyPassword()) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Automatic");
 lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Door System");
} else {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Sensor Error!");
while (1);
}
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();

// Force enroll manager if not enrolled

if (finger.loadModel(1) != FINGERPRINT_OK) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enroll Manager");
delay(1000);
getFingerprintEnroll(1);
}
}

void loop() {
switch (currentMode) {
case SELECT_MODE: showModeSelection(); break;
case PIR_MODE: handlePIRMode(); break;
case FINGERPRINT_MODE: showMainMenu(); break;
case MAIN_MENU: handleMainMenu(); break;
case AUTHENTICATE: authenticateUser(); break;
}
}

void showModeSelection() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("== Select Mode ==");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("1.PIR 2.Finger ");
if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_LEFT)) {
beep(); currentMode = PIR_MODE; lcd.clear();
}
 if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_RIGHT)) {
beep(); currentMode = FINGERPRINT_MODE; lcd.clear();
}
}

void handlePIRMode() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" PIR Mode Active ");
if (digitalRead(PIR) == HIGH && !motionHandled) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motion Detected ");
delay(500);
openGateWithStatus("PIR");
motionHandled = true;
lastMotionTime = millis();
} else {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Waiting for Motion");
if (motionHandled && millis() - lastMotionTime > 8000) {
motionHandled = false;
}
}
if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_BACK)) {
beep(); currentMode = SELECT_MODE; lcd.clear();
}
}

void showMainMenu() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("== Main Menu ==");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(">" + mainMenu[menuIndex]);

if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_LEFT)) {
beep(); menuIndex = (menuIndex - 1 + totalMenuItems) %
totalMenuItems; lcd.clear();
}
 if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_RIGHT)) {
beep(); menuIndex = (menuIndex + 1) % totalMenuItems;
lcd.clear();
}
if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_OK)) {
beep(); currentMode = MAIN_MENU; lcd.clear();
}
if (buttonPressed(BUTTON_BACK)) {
beep(); currentMode = SELECT_MODE; lcd.clear();
}
}

void handleMainMenu() {
switch (menuIndex) {
case 0: enrollFingerprint(); break;
case 1: deleteManual(); break;
case 2: deleteAll(); break;
case 3: viewStoredIDs(); break;
case 4: currentMode = AUTHENTICATE; return;
case 5: currentMode = PIR_MODE; return;
}
currentMode = FINGERPRINT_MODE;
lcd.clear();
}

void authenticateUser() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Place Finger...");
unsigned long start = millis();
bool matched = false;
while (millis() - start < 5000) {
int id = getFingerprintID();
if (id != -1) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("ID "); lcd.print(id); lcd.print(": Access OK");
beep(); delay(1500);
 openGateWithStatus("ID " + String(id));
matched = true;
break;
}
}

if (!matched) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Access Denied ");
beep();
}
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
currentMode = FINGERPRINT_MODE;
}

int getFingerprintID() {
if (finger.getImage() != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
if (finger.image2Tz() != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
if (finger.fingerSearch() != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
return finger.fingerID;
}

bool authenticateManager() {
displayMessage("Manager Auth", "Place finger");
unsigned long start = millis();
while (millis() - start < 5000) {
if (finger.getImage() != FINGERPRINT_OK) continue;
if (finger.image2Tz() != FINGERPRINT_OK) continue;
if (finger.fingerSearch() != FINGERPRINT_OK) continue;
if (finger.fingerID == 1) {
displayMessage("Manager Auth", "Success");
beep(); delay(1000);
return true;
} else {
displayMessage("Access Denied", "Not Manager");
beep(); delay(2000);
 return false;
}
}
displayMessage("Timeout", "Try Again");
beep(); delay(2000);
return false;
}

void enrollFingerprint() {
if (!authenticateManager()) return;
int maxID = 50;
int id = -1;
for (int i = 2; i <= maxID; i++) {
if (finger.loadModel(i) != FINGERPRINT_OK) {
id = i;
break;
}
}
if (id == -1) {
displayMessage("Storage Full", "");
delay(2000);
return;
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enroll ID: ");
lcd.print(id);
delay(1000);
int p = getFingerprintEnroll(id);
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
displayMessage("Enrolled ID", String(id).c_str());
} else {
displayMessage("Enroll Failed", "");
}
delay(2000);
}

nt getFingerprintEnroll(int id) {
 int p = -1;
displayMessage("Place finger", "to enroll");
while ((p = finger.getImage()) != FINGERPRINT_OK);
if (finger.image2Tz(1) != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
displayMessage("Remove finger", "and wait");
delay(2000);
while (finger.getImage() != FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER);
displayMessage("Place again", "same finger");
while ((p = finger.getImage()) != FINGERPRINT_OK);
if (finger.image2Tz(2) != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
if (finger.createModel() != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
return finger.storeModel(id);
}

void deleteManual() {
if (!authenticateManager()) return;
int id = 2; // Replace with logic to choose ID if needed
if (finger.deleteModel(id) == FINGERPRINT_OK)
displayMessage("Deleted ID", String(id).c_str());
else
displayMessage("Delete Failed", "");
delay(2000);
}

void deleteAll() {
if (!authenticateManager()) return;
if (finger.emptyDatabase() == FINGERPRINT_OK)
displayMessage("All Deleted", "");
else
displayMessage("Delete Failed", "");
delay(2000);
}

void viewStoredIDs() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Stored Finger IDs");
 delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
int found = 0;
const int maxID = 50;
for (int id = 1; id <= maxID; id++) {
if (finger.loadModel(id) == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("ID Found: ");
lcd.print(id);
found++;
delay(1500);
}
}
if (found == 0) {
displayMessage("No IDs Found", "");
delay(2000);
} else {
displayMessage("Total IDs:", String(found).c_str());
delay(2000);
}
lcd.clear();
}

void openGateWithStatus(String source) {

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(source);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Gate Opening...");
digitalWrite(LED_OPEN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_CLOSED, LOW);
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN2, LOW);
analogWrite(MOTOR_ENA, 140);
beep();
delay(1200);
 stopMotor();
delay(5000);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Gate Closing...");
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN2, HIGH);
analogWrite(MOTOR_ENA, 140);
beep();
delay(1200);
stopMotor();
digitalWrite(LED_OPEN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_CLOSED, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Gate Closed ");
delay(1000);
}

void stopMotor() {
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN2, LOW);
analogWrite(MOTOR_ENA, 0);
}

void displayMessage(const char* line1, const char* line2) {

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(line1);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(line2);
}
bool buttonPressed(int pin) {
return digitalRead(pin) == LOW;
}
void beep() {
digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
}
CHAPTER – 9

CONCLUSION

 The integration of a Fingerprint Scanner and a PIR

(Passive Infrared) Sensor in an automatic door system
enhances both security and automation. This design
ensures that only authorized individuals can access a
space, while also providing convenience by
automatically opening the door when motion is
detected.

 The combination of a fingerprint scanner and PIR

sensor in an automatic door system offers a robust
solution for secure and convenient access control.
While there are considerations regarding
environmental sensitivity and privacy, these can be
mitigated with proper system design and maintenance.
Overall, this integrated approach provides a modern
and efficient means of managing access in various
settings.
 CHAPTER – 11

FUTURE WORK

The integration of fingerprint scanners and PIR sensors in automatic

door systems has significantly enhanced security and convenience.
However, as technology evolves, there are several avenues for
improvement and innovation in this domain:

1. Integration of Multi-Modal Biometric Authentication

Combining fingerprint recognition with other biometric modalities,

such as facial recognition or iris scanning, can provide a higher level
of security. For instance, a smart door system with facial
recognition functionality has been proposed, which could be
adapted to include multiple biometric methods for enhanced
access control.

2. Implementation of Contactless Fingerprint Recognition

Traditional fingerprint scanners require physical contact, which can

be a hygiene concern. Developing contactless fingerprint
recognition systems, as explored in recent research, can address
this issue by capturing fingerprint images from a distance using
advanced imaging techniques.

3. Incorporation of Gesture Recognition

With the growing emphasis on hygiene and touchless interactions,

integrating gesture recognition technology can allow users to
control the door with simple hand movements. This feature is
particularly relevant in public spaces where minimizing physical
contact is crucial

4. Enhanced Motion Detection with Advanced Sensors

While PIR sensors are commonly used for motion detection,

exploring alternative sensors like radar or laser-based systems can
improve accuracy and reduce false positives. These advanced
sensors can offer better performance in various environmental
conditions.

5. Integration with IoT and Smart Home Systems

Connecting the automatic door system to the Internet of Things

(IoT) can enable remote monitoring and control. Users can receive
notifications about door status, access logs, and even control the
door remotely through smartphones or other smart devices.

6. Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Designs

Future designs should focus on energy efficiency by incorporating

features like automatic closing mechanisms to prevent energy loss.
Additionally, using sustainable materials and energy-efficient
components can reduce the environmental impact of the system.

7. Advanced Data Analytics and Predictive Maintenance

Utilizing data analytics can help in monitoring the performance of

the automatic door system. Predictive maintenance algorithms can
anticipate potential failures and schedule maintenance, reducing
downtime and extending the system's lifespan.

8. Enhanced User Experience with Augmented Reality (AR)

Integrating AR can provide users with additional information, such
as directions or safety instructions, enhancing the overall user
experience. This technology has applications in various settings,
from retail environments to healthcare facilities.
 REFERENCE:

Academic and Technical Papers

1. Design of Automatic Door System with Fingerprint

o Source: KnE Social Sciences, 3rd ICTVET 2018
o Summary: This paper discusses the development of an
automatic door system controlled by a fingerprint sensor
for access. It covers the design, assembly, and testing of
motion sensor performance.
o Link: KnE Social Sciencesknepublishing.com

2. Testing Report of a Fingerprint-Based Door-Opening System

o Source: arXiv
o Summary: This report evaluates the operational
performance of a door-opening system based on a low-
cost inkless fingerprint sensor. The system supports over
50 users with an average of 74.5 access attempts per
day.
o Link: arXivarxiv.org

3. Design of a Sensor-Based Door Opening and Closing System

Using ARDUINO for Women's Safety
o Source: ResearchGate
o Summary: This paper presents a sensor-based door
system using Arduino, integrating fingerprint recognition
for enhanced security. It emphasizes the importance of
biometric verification in access control.
o Link: ResearchGate
Practical Guides and Tutorials

1. Automatic Sliding Door Opening and Closing System using PIR

Sensor and ARDUINO
o Source: ElectroDuino
o Summary: This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to
building an automatic sliding door system using a PIR
sensor and Arduino. It includes a block diagram,
components list, circuit diagram, and Arduino code.
o Link: ElectroDuinoelectroduino.com

2. Automatic Door Opening System using 8051 Microcontroller

o Source: Electronics Hub
o Summary: This article explains the design of an
automatic door opening system using the 8051
microcontroller, PIR sensor, and motor driver IC. It
includes a detailed circuit diagram and working
principle.
o Link: Electronics Hub
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