COMPUTER SCIENCE DC01
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DC014 SESSION 2024/2025
CHAPTER 2.0:
FUNDAMENTAL OF
RELATIONAL DATABASE
SYSTEMS
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LEARNING OUTCOME
2.1 Introduction to Database
At the of this lesson, students should be able to:
(a) Define database, database systems and
database management systems (DBMS).
(b) Differentiate between file processing systems
and the database system.
(c) Describe advantages and disadvantages of
using database system.
(d) Identify components of database
environment.
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What is Database, Database system and
Database management system (DBMS)?
DATABASE DATABASE DBMS
SYSTEM
A database is Together, the Database
an organized data and the Management
collection of DBMS, along System (DBMS)
data stored with the is the software
and accessed applications system that
electronically that are allows users
. associated to define,
A database is with them. create,
usually Data modeled in maintain and
controlled by a rows and columns control
Database in a series of access to the
Management tables. database.
System (DBMS). Example of Example DBMS :
Database system: MS Access,
Library System, Oracle, MySQL
SAPS,
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File Processing System VS Database system
Almost all application programs use the file processing approach,
the database approach, or a combination of both approaches to
store and manage data.
A file processing system A database approach is
is a filing system which an approach which
each department or area many programs and
within an organization users share the data in
has its own set of files. the database
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1) File Processing System
In the past, many organizations exclusively used file processing
systems to store and manage data.
In file processing system, each department or area within an
organization has its own set of files.
The records in one file may not relate to the records in any other
file.
File Processing System have two major weaknesses:
Data Redundancy — Each department or area in an
organization has its own files in a file processing system.
Thus, the same fields are stored in multiple files.
Isolated Data — Difficult to access data stored in
separate files in different departments.
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2) Database system
Many programs and users share the data in the database.
for example; A school’s database most likely at a minimum
contains data about students, instructors, schedule of classes,
and student schedules. Various areas within the school share
and interact with the data in this database.
The database does secure its data, however, so that only
authorized users can access certain data items.
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The evolution of data management
Database System
File
processing
system
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Differentiate between File Processing System and
Database System
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Advantage of database system
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Advantage of database system
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Advantage of database system
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Advantage of database system
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Disadvantage of database system
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Disadvantage of database system
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Disadvantage of database system
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Disadvantage of database system
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Component of database environment
People
Hardware
Software
Data
Procedure
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Component of database environment
1) Hardware
Hardware refers to all of the system’s physical devices,
including computers (PCs, tablets, workstations, servers, and
supercomputers), storage devices, printers, network devices
(hubs, switches, routers, fiber optics), and other devices
(automated teller machines, ID readers, and so on).
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Component of database environment
2) Software
Software refer to a program/an application consist of a set
of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks.
Although the most readily identified software is the DBMS itself,
three types of software are needed to make the database system
function fully: operating system software, DBMS software, and
application programs and utilities.
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Component of database environment
3) People
This component includes all users of the database
system. On the basis of primary job functions, five types of
users can be identified in a database system: system
administrators, database administrators,
database designers, system analysts,
programmers and end users.
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Component of database environment
4) Data
The word data covers the collection of facts stored in the
database. Because data is the raw material from which
information is generated, determining which data to enter into the
database and how to organize that data is a vital part of the
database designer’s job.
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Component of database environment
5) Procedure
Procedures are the instructions and rules that govern the design and
use of the database system.
Procedures are a critical, although occasionally forgotten, component
of the system.
Procedures play an important role in a company because they
enforce the standards by which business is conducted within the
organization and with customers.
Procedures also help to ensure that companies have an organized
way to monitor and audit the data that enter the database and the
information generated from those
data.
