NUMERACY AND

INFORMATION LITERACY
L3 Computer System II

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 Summary of Second lecture
What is information system and different parts of information System.

We have gone through several examples of information system.

Terminology used in information system.

Different types of Storage capacity and the storage devices used in the
electronic information.

Different types of memory devices available in the modern technology.

 ➢ Understand the basic concepts of human
computer interface/ interaction (HCI).
Learning ➢ Goals of HCI
outcome ➢ Distinguish different input and output
Ch11 devices.
➢ Understand different types of software and
functions.

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 What is interaction?

• Interaction happens
when a human
performs a task using
computing
technology

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 What is interaction?
At a stripped-down level, interaction involves humans using their sensors and
responders to monitor and control devices, machines, and systems that include
computing technology.

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 What is Human Computer Interaction (HCI)?
“Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the
design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing
systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena
surrounding them.”
(ACM SIGCHI, 1992, p.6)

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 What is Human Computer Interaction?
HCI consists of three parts:
1. Human: Could be an individual user or a group of HCI
users.
2. Computer: Could be any technology ranging from
the general desktop computer to a large scale
computer system.
3. Interaction: Any direct or indirect communication
between a human and computer.
• HCI concentrates on the study of human People Technology
factors
• The study of human factors concerns the
Usability.
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 Human
• Humans are limited in their capacity to process information. This has important
implications for design.
• Information is received and responses given via a number of input and output
channels:
• Visual Channel (Visual Channel is a synthetic source of learning on all aspects
of 3D Architectural Visualization.)
• Auditory Channel
• Haptic Channel (Haptic technology facilitates investigation of how the human sense
of touch works by allowing the creation of controlled haptic virtual objects.)
• Movement
• Information is stored in memory:
• Sensory Memory
• Working Memory
• Long-Term Memory 8
 Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
• HCI is concerned with joint
performance of task by human &
computer
• Communication between the user and
the system

• Physical Interaction
• Interaction Devices
• Conceptual Interaction
• Interaction Styles
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 Goals of Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
• The main goal of HCI is usability
• “It is a measure of the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with
which specified user can achieve specified goals in a particular
environment”
• A usable System is:
• Easy to Learn
• Easy to Remember how to Use
• Effective to Use
• Efficient to Use
• Safe to Use
• Enjoyable To Use
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Discipline
relate to
HCI
Interaction Styles - Command Line Interface

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Interaction Styles - Menus

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Interaction Styles - Form fill Dialogue

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Interaction Styles - WIMP

• WIMP stands for “windows,

icons, menus, pointer”, denoting
a style of interaction using these
elements of the user interface.
• It has often been likened to the
term graphical user interface
(GUI).
• Any interface that uses graphics
can be called a GUI, and WIMP
systems derive from such
systems.
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Development of Human Computer
Interaction and user interfaces
Discuss about various softwares
Used today
 Type of software

• Software comprises the application programs developed to facilitate

various user functions, such as writing, artwork, organizing
meetings, surfing the internet, and communicating with others.
• For the purposes of this overview, the various types of software
have been divided into four categories:
1. OS software
2. Productivity software
3. Creativity software
4. Communication software

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 OS software
• The OS is the most important software on any computer.
• It is the very first program to load upon computer start-up and is
fundamental for the operation of all other software and the
computer hardware.
• For example:-
• Microsoft Window 11
• Mac OS X
• Linux

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 Productivity software
• Productivity software, such as an office suite, is the type of software most
commonly used in the workplace and on personal computers. Several
software companies produce this type of multiple-program software, which
usually bundles together word-processing, spreadsheet, database,
presentation, web development, and email programs.
• For example:-
• Word processing (Microsoft Word)
• Spreadsheets (Excel)
• Presentations (Power point)
• Databases
• Email (Gmail, yahoo, Hotmail)
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 Creativity software
• Creativity software includes programs that allow users to
draw, paint, render, record music and sound, and incorporate
digital video and other multimedia in professional aesthetic
ways to share and convey information and knowledge.
• For example:-
• Raster graphics programs
• Vector graphics programs
• Desktop publishing programs
• Web design programs
• Multimedia programs
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 Communication software
• Networking and communication software enable users to dialogue, share,
and network with other users via email or instant message (IM), by accessing
the World Wide Web, or by engaging in virtual meetings using conferencing
software.
• For example:-
• Email Client
• Internet browsers (Firefox, Edge, google)
• Instant messaging (IM)
• Conferencing

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 GUI of different software

• GUI stand for Graphical User Interface.

• A GUI (pronounced “gooey”) is used by OSs to display a
combination of graphics and text, such as icons, drop-down menus,
and buttons; it allows one to use input and output devices as well
as icons that represent files, programs, actions, and processes.
• GUI is target on Human Computer interface in order to let user
work smoothly.

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Input and Output (I/O) System Device

Input Devices Output Devices

Keyboards Screens
Mouse, Trackballs, Touch Pads Printers
Touch Screens Sound Output
Speech Input

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Input and Output (I/O) System Device
Keyboard (Washable)
Pointing devices

Mouse
Pointing devices
• Light pens
• Can be used for any pointing device task
• Obscure the screen, cause arm fatigue
• Touch screens
• Early designs (imprecise): physical pressure,
interruption of a grid of infrared beams
• Recent designs (high precision): interruption of
ultrasonic waves, optical imaging (touch shows as a
shadow), calculating mechanical pressure on the
glass

• Stylus (Buttons)
• Can be used for any pointing device task
• Widespread in PDAs (personal digital assistants)
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Sound input device
• Audio input devices allow
a user to send audio
signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or
carrying out commands.

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Visual Input Device

• Visual input devices consist of low vision devices, such

as magnifiers that enlarge print for people with low
vision
• Closed Circuit Televisions (CCTV), which enlarge the
image, and optical character recognition devices (OCR)
that allow printed information to be converted to
digital information.
• Once converted to a digital format, information can
access information through output devices in the
client’s preferred format (visual, speech or tactile).
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List of Visual input devices
• Laser rangefinder
• Image scanner
• Eye gaze tracker
• Digital camera
• Medical Imaging
• Digital camcorder
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Webcam
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Fingerprint scanner
(MRI)
• Barcode reader
• Positron emission tomography
• 3D scanner
• Medical ultrasonography

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 Display Devices
• A display device visually conveys text,
graphics, and video information
• A monitor is packaged as a separate
peripheral 5

• LCD monitor
• Widescreen
• A data projector is a device that
takes the text and images displaying
on a computer screen and projects
them on a larger screen
• Digital light processing (DLP) projector

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Digital TV
• Televisions also are a good output
device
• Require a converter if you are connecting

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your computer to an analog television
• Digital television (DTV) offers a crisper,
higher- quality output
• HDTV is the most advanced form of
digital television

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 Printers
• A printer produces text and
graphics on a physical
medium
• Printed information is called a 11

hard copy, or printout

• Landscape or portrait
orientation

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Ink-jet Printer
• An ink-jet printer forms characters
and graphics by spraying tiny drops of
liquid ink onto a piece of paper
• Color or black-and-white 14

• Printers with a higher dpi (dots per inch)

produce a higher quality output

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Photo Printer
• Produce color photo-lab-
quality pictures
• Most use ink-jet technology 6
1

• PictBridge allows you to print photos

directly from a digital camera
• Print from a memory card and
preview photos on a built-in LCD
screen

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Laser Printer vs Thermal Printer
Laser Printer Thermal Printer
• A thermal printer generates images by
pushing electrically heated pins against the
heat-sensitive paper

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 Plotters
• Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings
• Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints on a larger
scale

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3D Printing
• 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing
(AM), refers to various processes used to synthesize a
three-dimensional object.
• In 3D printing, successive layers of material are formed
under computer control to create an object. 21

• 3D printing used in many discipline such as housing,

human organ etc.

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 Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
• Voice output occurs when you hear a person’s voice or when the
computer talks to you through the speakers
• Headphones are speakers that cover your head or are placed outside of the
ear
• Earbuds (also called earphones) rest inside the ear canal.
• Some speakers are specifically designed to play audio from a portable
media player
• Wireless speakers

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 Interactive Whiteboard
• An interactive whiteboard is a
touch-sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase board, 31

that displays the image on a

connected computer screen

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Force-feedback Devices
• Force-feedback sends
resistance to the device in
response to actions of the user
• Tactile output provides the user 32

with a physical response from the

device

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Smart Phone / Tablet

• Combine of input and output device.

• Touchscreen.
• A digital camera, typically with video
capability.
• A mobile browser for different network.
• Embedded memory.
• The ability to download applications and run
them independently.
• Support for third-party applications.

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 Gesture of smartphone
• Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology
with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms.
• Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state, but commonly
originate from the face or hand. It includes emotion recognition from face
and hand gesture recognition.
• Users can use simple gestures to control or interact with devices without
physically touching them.
• However, the identification and recognition of posture, gait, proxemics, and
human behaviors is also the subject of gesture recognition techniques.
• Gesture recognition can be seen as a way for computers to begin to
understand human body language, thus building a better bridge between
machines and humans.
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Gesture
example

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Reference
1. MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Human-Computer interaction: An empirical research perspective. Morgan
Kaufmann.
2. Myers, B. A. (1998). A brief history of human-computer interaction technology. Interactions, 5(2),
44-54.
3. Dix, A. (2017). Human computer interaction, foundations and new paradigms. Journal of Visual
Languages and Computing, 42, 122-134.

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