A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT ON
NEXT.JS (USING REACT.JS)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AI&ML)
Submitted by
Name BORGAM KAVYA
Roll Number 21BD1A662A
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AI&ML)
KESHAV MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH)
Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana-29
2024-25
KESHAV MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute)
(Accredited by NBA & NAAC, Approved By A.I.C.T.E.,
Reg by Govt of Telangana State & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar work entitled "NEXT.JS (USING REACT.JS)" is a
bonafide work carried out in the seventh semester by "BORGAM KAVYA
21BD1A662A" in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
"COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (AI&ML)" from JNTU Hyderabad during the
academic year 2024 - 2025 and no part of this work has been submitted earlier for
the award of any degree.
TECHNICAL SEMINAR INCHARGE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
KESHAV MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute)
(Accredited by NBA & NAAC, Approved By A.I.C.T.E.,
Reg by Govt of Telangana State & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
INDEX
Table of Contents
Section Page No.
1. Abstract I
2. List of figures II
3. List of tables III
4. Chapter 1: Introduction 1
5. Chapter 2: Literature Survey 5
6. Chapter 3: Architecture / Working 11
Principle
7. Chapter 4: Advantages 18
8. Chapter 5: Disadvantages 21
9. Chapter 6: Applications 24
10. Chapter 7: Conclusion 28
11. References 31
12. Presentation Slides 32
KESHAV MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute)
(Accredited by NBA & NAAC, Approved By A.I.C.T.E.,
Reg by Govt of Telangana State & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
ABSTRACT
Next.js (Using React.js)
Next.js is a production-grade React framework for building fast, scalable web
applications. It combines server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG),
and client-side rendering (CSR) in a single developer experience, enabling optimal
performance, SEO, and developer productivity. This seminar explores the evolution
of Next.js, from the classic pages router to the modern app router, and covers its
core primitives: file-system routing, React Server Components, data fetching, API
routes, middleware, and edge/runtime options. We also discuss build optimizations,
TypeScript integration, image and font optimization, internationalization, and
deployment patterns on platforms like Vercel. Case studies and benchmarks
illustrate how Next.js enables rapid delivery of user-centric features with excellent
Core Web Vitals. The seminar concludes with best practices, architectural choices,
and a roadmap for adopting Next.js in enterprise and research settings.
Keywords: Next.js, React, Server-Side Rendering, Static Site Generation, React Server
Components, App Router, API Routes, TypeScript, Edge Runtime, Vercel, SEO, Core Web
Vitals.
List of Figures
Figure Page No.
Figure 1: Next.js Rendering Spectrum 6
(SSR/SSG/ISR/CSR)
Figure 2: App Router & Nested Layouts 10
Figure 3: Data Fetching Flow with React 12
Server Components
Figure 4: Image Optimization Pipeline 15
Figure 5: Deployment Architecture (Edge 26
vs Node)
List of Tables
Table Page No.
Table 1: Comparison of Rendering 7
Strategies
Table 2: Evaluation Metrics for Web 23
Performance
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Next.js is a React framework that streamlines the creation of modern web applications by
offering a unified model for routing, rendering, and data fetching. Unlike single-page
applications that render exclusively on the client, Next.js supports server-side rendering
(SSR), static site generation (SSG), and incremental static regeneration (ISR), allowing
teams to choose the right strategy per route. The App Router (introduced in Next.js 13+)
builds on React Server Components to split UI between server and client, reducing bundle
sizes and enabling faster Time to First Byte (TTFB). Built-in optimizations—Image, Font,
Script, and analytics—help applications achieve strong Core Web Vitals. This chapter
introduces the motivation for Next.js, high-level capabilities, and typical use cases—from
content-heavy sites to complex dashboards and e-commerce platforms.
Objectives of the Study
• Explain the foundations of Next.js and its relationship with React.
• Analyze key routing paradigms (pages vs app router) and rendering strategies
(SSR/SSG/ISR/CSR).
• Evaluate performance, scalability, and developer-experience advantages and trade-offs.
• Survey practical applications in industry and research, including deployment at the edge.
• Assess implementation feasibility, migration paths, and best practices.
CHAPTER 2
Literature Survey
The React ecosystem has evolved from client-only rendering toward hybrid and server-first
models. Early literature emphasized client-side routing and data fetching (e.g., Redux, SWR),
but production demands for SEO, performance, and caching motivated frameworks like
Next.js. Key milestones include:
• File-system routing and SSR (Next.js ≤9): introduced pre-rendering for better SEO and
faster first paint.
• Static Site Generation & ISR (Next.js 9–12): enabled static builds with on-demand
revalidation.
• App Router & React Server Components (Next.js 13+): shifted data fetching to the server
by default, reduced client JavaScript, and simplified streaming UIs.
Research and case studies highlight measurable gains in Core Web Vitals using SSR/SSG, the
benefits of edge caching/CDNs, and the trade-offs between personalization and cacheability.
The survey also covers TypeScript adoption, monorepos (Turborepo), and deployment
platforms (Vercel, self-hosted Node, Docker/Kubernetes).
Comparison of Rendering Strategies (Summary)
• SSR: Fresh data per request; higher server cost; good SEO; dynamic.
• SSG: Build-time HTML; minimal server cost; excellent performance; needs revalidation for
freshness.
• ISR: Hybrid of SSG with background regeneration; balances freshness and cost.
• CSR: Client renders after hydration; low server cost; initial SEO may be weaker unless pre-
rendered.
CHAPTER 3
Architecture / Working Principle
Next.js comprises a routing layer, a rendering engine, and a build pipeline:
• Routing: File-system based. In the app router, folders define routes, layouts, and loading
states. Nested layouts allow composition, while server and client components coexist via
'use client'.
• Rendering: React Server Components render on the server by default. Developers can opt
into SSR, SSG, or ISR per route. Streaming progressively sends HTML chunks, reducing
TTFB.
• Data Fetching: Server functions (e.g., async components) use fetch() with caching and
revalidation options. For client interactivity, hooks like useEffect or libraries like
SWR/React Query handle client-side data.
• APIs & Middleware: Route Handlers provide serverless API endpoints within the app.
Middleware runs before requests to implement auth, rewrites, and localization. Edge
runtime enables ultra-low-latency logic close to users.
• Optimizations: next/image, next/font, script loading strategies, bundling and code-
splitting, and automatic TypeScript support.
Figure 1: Next.js Rendering Spectrum (SSR/SSG/ISR/CSR) — (illustrative)
Figure 2: App Router & Nested Layouts — (illustrative)
Figure 3: Data Fetching Flow with React Server Components — (illustrative)
CHAPTER 4
Advantages
• Performance: Pre-rendering, streaming, and reduced client JavaScript improve Core Web
Vitals.
• SEO: SSR/SSG deliver crawlable HTML, improving discoverability.
• Developer Experience: File-system routing, TypeScript, and built-in optimizations reduce
boilerplate.
• Scalability: Per-route rendering strategies and edge deployments scale cost-effectively.
• Security: Server-only code paths and environment variables keep secrets off the client.
• Internationalization & Accessibility: First-class i18n routing and guidance for accessible
components.
CHAPTER 5
Disadvantages
• Complexity: Choosing SSR/SSG/ISR/CSR per route adds architectural decisions.
• Server Costs: SSR incurs runtime costs and requires capacity planning.
• Learning Curve: App Router and RSC introduce new mental models.
• Vendor Coupling: Many advanced features are optimized for platforms like Vercel (though
self-hosting is possible).
• Edge Constraints: Edge runtime limits certain Node APIs and libraries.
CHAPTER 6
Applications
Next.js suits a broad range of applications:
• Content & Marketing Sites: Fast SSG/ISR pages with CMS integrations.
• E-commerce: SSR for personalization; ISR for product catalogs; edge for geo-pricing.
• Dashboards & SaaS: Hybrid rendering, API routes, authentication, and RBAC.
• Education & Research Portals: SEO-friendly content with interactive client islands.
• Real-time & Data Apps: Streaming UI, server actions, and client-side subscriptions.
Figure 4: Image Optimization Pipeline — (illustrative)
Figure 5: Deployment Architecture (Edge vs Node) — (illustrative)
CHAPTER 7
Conclusion
Next.js unifies modern web development around a flexible, performance-oriented
architecture. By combining SSR/SSG/ISR with React Server Components, developers can
deliver rich experiences with minimal client overhead. Adopting Next.js involves
understanding rendering trade-offs, aligning with deployment targets (edge vs node), and
instituting robust performance practices. With strong ecosystem support and rapid
innovation, Next.js is a pragmatic choice for academic and enterprise projects alike.
References
- Official Next.js Documentation — https://nextjs.org/docs
- React Documentation — https://react.dev
- Vercel Performance & Edge Runtime Guides — https://vercel.com/docs
- Core Web Vitals — https://web.dev/vitals/
- RFCs and Blogs on React Server Components and App Router (Next.js 13+)
Presentation Slides
Slides placeholder: Attach or link your Next.js seminar slides here.
