REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

1. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 341

2. Working Stress Method ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 351
3. Limit State Method ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 356
4. Shear, Bond, Anchorage ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 362
5. Torsion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 370
6. Slab, Beam, Lintel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 371
7. Column ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 385
8. Footing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 390
9. T and L Beam ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 392
10. Pre-stressing Concrete ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 394
11. Retaining Wall ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 396
12. Miscellaneous ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 397

Yearwise & Topicwise Analysis Chart

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 340 YCT

11.
REINFORCEMENT CEMENT
CONCRETE
Ans. (c) :  As per IS-456-2000 
1. Introduction SN Exposure Minimum Maximum Minimu
cement W/C ratio m grade
1. As per Indian Standard code (IS - 456), what content of
should be the minimum clear cover provided concrete
during the design of a water tank during
moderate exposure conditions? 1. Mild 300 0.55 M-20
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) 2. Moderate 300 0.50 M-25
Or 3. Severe 320 0.45 M-30
As per IS specifications, the nominal concrete 4. Very 340 0.45 M-35
cover for moderate exposure should not be less Severe
than...................... 5. Extreme 360 0.40 M-40
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift 4. A concrete of M60 grade obtains a cube
(a) 75 mm (b) 30 mm strength of 80 MPa. If the cube strength is to be
(c) 10 mm (d) 45 mm considered as the characteristic strength, then
Ans. (b) : As per IS 456 : 2000 the modulus of elasticity (N/mm2) shall be
Expose Nominal cover Minimum approximately equal to (answer to the nearest
conditions concrete grade thousand value):
(mm)
(a) 35,000 (b) 45,000
Mild 20 M20 (c) 50,000 (d) 40,000
Moderate 30 M25 SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
Severe 45 M30 Ans. (b) : Given-
Very severe 50 M35 Concrete grade = M60
Extreme 75 M40 Cube strength = 80 MPa
As per Indian standard code (IS 456) the minimum clear If the cube strength is to be considered as the
cover provided during the design of a water tank is 30 characteristic strength
mm during moderate exposure condition. then fck = 80 MPa
Note–Minimum grade of concrete for the RCC water Modulus of Elasticity Ec = 5000 fck
tank is M30 and maximum cement content is 400
kg/m3. = 5000 80
= 5000  8.944 = 44721.35
2. As per IS 456:2000, in the case of columns of
minimum dimension of 200 mm or under,  45000
whose reinforcing bars do NOT exceed 12 mm, 5. In order to satisfy the requirements of Fe500D
the nominal cover used is _____. steel for reinforcement purpose, the 0.2% proof
(a) 20 mm (b) 50 mm stress (MPa) should be a minimum of:
(c) 25 mm (d) 40 mm (a) 415 (b) 550
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning) (c) 450 (d) 500
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : According to IS 456:2000, longitudinal
reinforcing bar in a column nominal cover shall in any Ans. (d) : As per 1786 : 2008 – High strength
case not be less 40mm or less than the diameter of such deformed bars and wires for concrete Reinforcement
bars. Bars and wires 0.2 percent proof states
• In case of columns of minimum dimension of 200 mm yield stress (min, N/mm2)
or under; whose reinforcing bars not exceed 12 mm, Fe 415 415
nominal cover of 25mm may be used. Fe 415D 415
• For footing minimum cover shall be 50 mm. Fe 415S 415
3. As per IS 456-2000, what is the maximum free Fe 500 500
water-to-cement ratio of an M40 grade of Fe 500D 500
reinforced concrete under extreme exposure
Fe 500S 500
conditions?
(a) 0.55 (b) 0.5 Fe 550 550
(c) 0.40 (d) 0.60 Fe 550D 550
SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I Fe 600 600

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 341 YCT

6. The characteristic strength of concrete is Where,
defined as the strength of material below which fck = Characteristic cube compressive strength of
NOT more than X percent of the test results concrete.
are expected to fall, where X is:  Characteristic strength of concrete is the value of
(a) 4 (b) 2 strength of concrete below which not more than 5% of
(c) 3 (d) 5 test results are expected to fall.
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
9. As per IS 456–2000, the permissible limits for
Ans. (d) : The characteristic strength is defined as the
inorganic solids in the design mix is ______.
strength of the concrete below which not more than 5%
of the test result are expected to fall. (a) 2000 mg/l (b) 400 mg/l
 The compressive strength of concrete is given in the (c) 200 mg/l (d) 3000 mg/l
term of the characteristic compressive strength of 150 SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-II
mm size cube tested as 28 day. Ans. (d) :As per IS 456 : 2000
f m  f ck  1.65
Solids Maxm limit
fm = mean strength of concrete
fck = characteristic strength Organic solids 200 mg/l
 = standard deviation Inorganic 3000 mg/l
Chlorides 2000  PCC  , 500  RCC 
Sulphates 400 mg/l
Suspended matter 2000 mg/l
pH of water 6.5 to8.5

 10. The ability of a material to endure alternate

7. While designing a concrete mix, if 5% of the wet and dry conditions for a long period
results are allowed to fall below the without considerable deformation and loss of
characteristic strength and if the assumed mechanical strength is called :
standard deviation is 6 MPa, then what will be (a) chemical resistance
the Target mean strength (TMS) (MPa) of M40 (b) fire resistance
grade of concrete? (c) weathering resistance
(a) 53 (b) 60 (d) frost resistance
(c) 56 (d) 50 SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning)
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I Ans. (c) : The ability of a material to endure alternate
Ans. (d) : Target mean strength, fm = fck + 1.65  wet and dry conditions for a long period without
where, considerable deformation and loss of mechanical
 = standard deviation strength is called weathering resistance.
fck = characteristic strength of concrete 11. For concrete works in sea water, the minimum
 = 6 MPa grade of concrete recommended by IS 456 :
fck = 40 2000, for plain concrete and reinforced
fm = 40 + 1.65 × 6 concrete are, respectively:
= 49.9 50 MPa (a) M15 and M25 (b) M10 and M20
(c) M20 and M30 (d) M25 and M40
8. As per Indian Standard IS 456 : 2000, where SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning)
fck is the concrete compressive strength, the SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I
tensile strength of concrete is calculated as: Ans. (c)
(a) 0.7 f ck N / mm 2 (b) f ck N / mm 2 As per IS 456:2000 (clauses 6.1.2, 8.2.4.1 and 9.1.2).
(c) 0.5 f ck N / mm 2 (d) 0.3 f ck N / mm 2 Reinforced
Sl. No. Exposure Plain concrete
concrete
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-II Minm Maxm Minm grade Maxm
SSC JE 2020 grade of water of concrete water
SSC JE 2.3.2017 Morning Shift concrete cement cement
SSC JE 2011 (Morning) ratio ratio
Ans. (a) : As per clause 6.2.2 of IS 456 : 2000 (i) Mild - 0.60 M20 0.55
(ii) Moderate M15 0.60 M25 0.50
Flexural strength of concrete fcr = 0.7 f ck N/mm2 (iii) Severe M20 0.50 M30 0.45
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (iv) Very Severe M20 0.45 M35 0.45
(As per IS : 456 : 2000) (v) Extreme M25 0.40 M40 0.40
Ec = 5000 f ck If the concrete surface exposed to severe rain, alternate
and as per IS: 456-1978, wetting and drying, concrete is completely immersed in
sea water or exposed to coastal environment, then
Ec = 5700 f ck exposure condition is severe.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 342 YCT

12. What is the maximum permissible limit of 16. What is the minimum grade of concrete in sea-
organic solids present in water used in concrete water or which is exposed directly along the
mixing as per IS 456-2000? sea-coast in the case of plain concrete as per IS
(a) 3000 mg/L (b) 200 mg/L code 456-2000?
(c) 400 mg/L (d) 2000 mg/L (a) M30 (b) M20
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) (c) M40 (d) M15
SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening) SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening)
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I Ans. (b) : As per IS : 456-2000, Minimum grade of
Ans. (b) : As per IS 456-2000, concrete in sea-water or which is exposed directly along
Impurity Tolerance concentration the sea-coast in the case of the plain concrete is M20,
(PPM) and for RCC is take M30.
Silt and suspended 2000 Exposure Min. grade Min. grade Condition
particles condition PC R.C.C
Chlorides 500 (RCC), 2000 (PCC) Mild – M-20
Sulphates 400 Moderate M-15 M-25
Calcium Chloride 2% by weight of cement severe M-20 M-30 Sea water
Organic matter 200 Very severe M-20 M-35 Sew water
pH 6–8 spray
Sugar 500 Extreme M-25 M-40 tidal zone
13. Which of the following Indian Standard Codes 17. The difference in 7 days compressive strength of
provides conservatively imposed loads for cubes or cylinders prepared with impure and
buildings and structures ? pure waters should not differ by more than:
(a) IS 875 (part 4)-1987 (a) 2% (b) 10%
(b) IS 875 (part 1)-1987 (c) 5% (d) 12%
(c) IS 875 (part 3)-1987 SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
(d) IS 875 (part 2)-1987 Ans. (b) : The difference in 7 days compressive
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) strength of cubes or cylinders prepared with impure and
Ans. (d)  For imposed loads given in IS 875 (Part 2) pure water should not differ by more than 10%.
 For dead loads given in IS 875 (Part 1) If impure water is added for the preparation of concrete,
 For wind loads given in IS 875 (Part 3) difference in setting time between concrete prepared
 For snow loads given in IS 875 (Part 4) from impure and pure water must not be greater than
 For seismic forces given in IS 1893 30 min and difference in strength must not be greater
14. As per IS : 10262 : 2009, standard deviation for than 10%.
M25 concrete is 18. The value of Poisson's ratio of concrete lies
(a) 4.0 (b) 3.5 (c) 5.0 (d) 4.5 approximately in the range:
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) (a) 0.4 to 0.47 (b) 0.31 to 0.35
Ans. (a) : (c) 0.15 to 0.2 (d) 0.25 to 0.3
Grade of concrete Standard deviation 
( ) SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
N/mm2 Ans. (c) : Poisson's Ratio–For homogenous and
M 10 isotropic material, elongation or contraction product by
3.5 any axial force in the direction of force is accompanied
M15
M 20 by contraction/elongation in all transverse directions.
4 Poisson's ratio is the ratio of strain in lateral direction to
M 25
M 30 strain in linear direction.
M 35  Lateral strain 
M 40    
5  Axial strain 
M 45
M 50 Material Poisson's ratio
M60 0.02-0.03 Glass
15. What must be the minimum grade of concrete 0.1-0.2 Concrete
to be used for a reinforced concrete structural 0.2-0.3 Cast Iron
element which is exposed to extreme exposure 0.27-0.30 Steel
condition? 0.3 Wrought Iron
(a) M20 (b) M25 (c) M30 (d) M40 0.33 Aluminium
SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning) 0.33-0.36 Copper
Ans. (d) : According to IS : 456-2000– 0.34 Brass and Bronze
Minimum grade Minimum grade of 0.40 Nylon
Exposure
of plain concrete reinforced concrete 0.45-0.50 Rubber
Mild – M-20
19. According to IS 456 : 2000, the minimum grade
Moderate M-15 M-25 of concrete required for plain concrete and
Severe M-20 M-30 reinforced cement concrete works, under
Very Severe M-20 M-35 exposure condition "very severe" are _____
Extreme M-25 M-40 and ____ respectively.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 343 YCT
 (a) M15, M40 (b) M10, M25 Ans. (d) : Given,
(c) M20, M35 (d) M25, M40 By IS : 10262-2009,
SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening) Grade of concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Ans. (c) : IS 456 : 2000 Standard deviation () for M20 = 4 N/mm2
Cement Plain Mean compressive strength–
Exposure
RCC Grade Content Concrete
condition fm = fck + 1.65 
kg/m3 Grade
fm = 20 + 1.65×4
Mild 20 300 ––
= 20 + 6.6
Moderate 25 300 15
Severe 30 320 20 fm = 26.6 N/mm2
Very severe 35 340 20 23. For M25 concrete the modulus of elasticity of
Extreme 40 360 25 concrete can be in the acceptable range of:
20. The partial safety factor for loads to be (a) 20000 to 30000 N/mm2
adopted for Dead load (DL) and Live load (LL) (b) 30000 to 40000 N/mm2
for the combination of load taken as (DL + (c) 10000 to 15000 N/mm2
LL), under limit state of collapse, as per IS (d) 15000 to 20000 N/mm2
456:2000, are _____ and _____, respectively, SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
(a) 1.2; 1.2 (b) 1.5;1.5
(c) 1.5; 1.5 (d) 1.2; 1.5 Ans. (a) : For M25 Concrete–
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)  The modulus of elasticity as per IS 456-1978.
Ans. (c) : Partial safety factor for loads  E c  5700 f ck N / mm 2 
Limit state of Limit state of  
Load Collapse serviceability
Combination So, Ec = 5700 25
DL LL WL DL LL WL
(i) Dead load (DL) 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 – E c  28500 N / mm 2
+ Live load (LL)  The modulus of elasticity as per IS 456 : 2000
(ii) Dead load (DL) 1.5 – 1.5 1.0 – 1.0
 E c  5000 f ck N / mm 2 
+ Wind load (WL) or 0.9  
(iii) Dead load 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8
So, Ec = 5000 25
(DL) + Live load
(LL) + Wind load Ec = 25000 N/mm2
(WL) So, Modulus of elasticity of concrete in the acceptable
2
21. According to IS 456-2000, nominal cover for range of 20000 to 30000 N/mm .
reinforcements in case of footings, under 'very 24. Concrete in the member represented by a core
severe' exposure: test shall be considered acceptable if the
(a) shall not be less than 30 mm average equivalent cube strength of the cores is
(b) shall not be less than 50 mm equal to at least q percent of the cube strength
(c) shall not be less than 25 mm of the grade of concrete, where q (%) is:
(d) shall not be less than 40 mm (a) 95 (b) 85
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening) (c) 65 (d) 75
SSC JE 11.12.2020 (Evening)
SSC JE 2020
Ans. (b) : According to IS 456 : 2000, nominal cover
for R.C.C construction– Ans. (b) : According to IS 456 : 2000 that the concrete
Nominal cover Minimum in the member represented by a core test shall be
Exposure considered acceptable, if the average equivalent cube
(mm) not grade
condition strength of core is equal to at least 85% of the cube
be less than of concrete
Mild 20 M-20 strength of the grade of concrete specified, but no
Moderate 30 M-25 individual core has a strength less than 75%. (Clause
Severe 45 M-30 17.4.3)
Very severe 50 M-35 25. As per provision of IS 456 : 2000, what will be
Extreme 75 M-40 the value of flexural tensile strength of M25
Minimum nominal cover– grade concrete?
Slab  20mm 
(a) 3.5 N/mm2 (b) 35 N/mm2
2
(c) 350 N/mm (d) 3500 N/mm2
Beam  25mm 
 According to IS:456  2000 SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Morning),
Column  40mm 
Ans. (a) : Give,
footing  50mm  M25
22. Calculate the target mean compressive strength fcr = ?  flexural tensile strength
at 28 days curing, for M20 grade concrete, as
per IS 10262-2009 (take standard deviation as 4 fcr = 0.7 f ck
N/mm2). f cr  0.7 25
(a) 20.0 N/mm2 (b) 28.7 N/mm2
2 2
(c) 22.4 N/mm (d) 26.6 N/mm f cr  3.5N / mm 2
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 344 YCT
26. As per IS 456-2000, calculate the flexural Ans. (d) Design loads or factored loads, for which the
strength of concrete whose characteristic structure is to be designed; are obtained by multiplying
compressive strength is 36 N/mm2. the characteristic load with a factor called 'partial safety
(a) 3.5 N/mm2 (b) 4.2 N/mm2 factor'.
2
(c) 6.5 N/mm (d) 2.4 N/mm2 [Design load (fd) = Characteristic load (fc) × Partial
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)
Ans. (b) : Given, safety factor (d)]
Characteristic compressive strength = 36 N/mm 2  Characteristic load is value of the load that has a 95%
Flexural strength– probability of not being exceeded during the life span
of the structure.
fcr  0.7 fCK  The multiplying factor used to modify (increase) the
 0.7 36  0.7  6 characteristic load F to obtain the design load is termed
as the partial safety factor of load d.
f cr  4.2 N / mm 2
 Design strength of material is obtained by dividing the
27. What is the value of Young's modulus for M25 characteristic strength by factor called partial safety factor.
concrete as per IS 456:2000?  Characteristic strength 
(a) 2 × 105 MPa (b) 2.5 × 104 MPa  Design Strength =
(c) 2.2 × 103 MPa (d) 1.5 × 105 MPa  Partial safety factor 
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I 31. Standard deviation is proportional to
Ans. (b) : As per IS : 456 - 2000, (a) Minimum strength (b) Design strength
Young's modulus of concrete E c  5000 f ck (c) Mean strength (d) Maximum strength
SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
Where, fck = 28 days characteristics strength of concrete
N/mm . 2 Ans. (c) Standard deviation is proportional to the value
for M-25 :- of the mean strength; in other words,
E c  5000 25  Standard deviation 
  Constant 
 Mean strength 
 5000  5  25000 N / mm 2  2.5  10 4 MPa .
fm= fck + 1.65
28. Which IS code uses the recommended
guidelines for concrete mix design?  With a constant coefficient of variation the standard
(a) IS 12813 (b) IS 10262 deviation increases with strength and is larger for high-
(c) IS 800 (d) IS 1373 strength concrete. The ratio of the standard variation to
SSC JE 2019 (Evening) the mean is called the coefficient of variation.
Ans. (b) Concrete Mix Design IS 10262 : 2009, means  The reliability factor is the ratio of mean strength to
determination of the proportion of the concrete mean load. Standard deviation of the reliability
ingredients i.e. cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse distribution is equal to the square root of the sum of the
aggregate which would produce concrete possessing square of standard deviations of load and strength.
specified properties such as workability, strength and 32. According to IS 456 : 2000, what should be the
durability with maximum overall economy. nominal cover to reinforcement for footings?
 The earlier IS code IS 10262 of 1982 for design of (a) 45 mm (b) 20 mm
concrete mix has been revised in 2009 to IS-10262 : (c) 50 mm (d) 30 mm
2009 and is called "Guidelines for concrete mix SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning), MH PWD 2019
proportioning". Ans. (c) : The Indian Standard Codes IS : 456–2000
 IS 12813-Method of analysis of hydraulic cement by (clause 26.4.2.2) provides for separate nominal cover
atomic absorption spectrophoto-meter.
requirement to meet durability and fire resistance
 IS-800-2007–Code for practice for general
construction in steel. requirements. For footings of columns where the
footing slab is in contact with soil, the minimum cover
29. The minimum cover, for RCC column should
shall be 50 mm.
be:
(a) 25 mm or more than of dia  The distance from extreme fiber of shear stirrup to
(b) 50 mm or more than of dia bottom tension fiber is known as cover/clear cover.
(c) 30 mm or more than of dia Structural Elements
(d) 40 mm or more than of dia (mild exposure) Minimum Cover
SSC JE 2019 (Evening)  Slab 20 mm
Ans. (d)  Beams 25 mm
Structural Element Minimum Clear Cover  Columns 40 mm
 Column 40 mm  Footings 50 mm
 Slab 20 mm
 Beam 25 mm 33. According to IS 456 : 2000, what should be the
 Footing 50 mm unit weight of plain cement concrete?
30. A load value obtained by multiplying the (a) 24 kN/m3 (b) 23 kN/m3
3
characteristic load with load factor is known as : (c) 21 kN/m (d) 22 kN/m3
(a) Design spectrum (b) Dead load SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning)
(c) Fatigue load (d) Designed load Ans. (a) : According to IS 456 : 2000, unit weight of
SSC JE 2019 (Evening) common building materials are –
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 345 YCT
 Material Unit Weight 37. Modulus of elasticity of concrete, E is
Plain Cement Concrete 24 kN/m3 calculated using:
Reinforced Cement Concrete 25 kN/m3 (i) E  5000 f ck (ii) E  500 f ck
Brick Masonry 19-20 kN/m3
Stone masonry 21-27 kN/m3 (iii) E  50 f ck (iv) E  5 f ck
Timber 6–10 kN/m3 (a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii)
Plaster-cement 21 kN/m3 (c) Only (iii) (d) Only (iv)
Plaster-lime 18 kN/m3 SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning)
steel 78.5 kN/m3 SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
Roof finishes 0.2-1.2 kN/m3 SSC JE 2012
34. According to the classification of ordinary Ans. (a) :  Modulus of elasticity of concrete
portland cement by Indian Standard Bureau.
Which of the following is not a grade of cement? As per IS code 456 : 2000 E c  5000 f ck
(a) Grade 53 (b) Grade 33
(c) Grade 63 (d) Grade 43 As per IS code 456 : 1978 E c  5700 f ck
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I  Ec is 'short term' modulus of elasticity in N/mm2
Ans. (c) The ordinary Portland Cement has been Actual value of Ec may differ by 20% of above value.
classified as–
 33 Grade (I.S. 269)  Tensile strength / flexural strength / modulus of
 43 Grade (I.S. 8112) rupture of concrete in flexure.
 53 Grade (I.S.12269)
Portland Cement is the most important constituent of Fcr  0.7 f ck
concrete, in that it forms the binding medium for the fck = Characteristic strength of concrete (MPa)
discrete ingredients.
38. When not specified, the volume of steel in
35. What is the meaning of the designation 'M30' R.C.C. work is taken as:
concrete suggested for a reinforced cement (a) 1% to 1.6% of R.C.C. volume
concrete work? (b) 2% to 4% of R.C.C. volume
(a) The mix characteristic compressive strength (c) 4% to 6% of R.C.C. volume
of 150 mm size cube at 365 days is 30 (d) 0.6% to 1% of R.C.C. volume
N/mm2. SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
(b) The mix characteristic compressive strength Ans. (d) When not specified the volume of steel in
of 150 mm size cube at 28 days is 300 R.C.C. work taken as 0.6 to 1% of R.C.C. Volume.
N/mm2. Quantity of steel–
(c) The mix characteristic compressive strength Slabs – 0.7 to 1%
of 150 mm size cube at 28 days is 30 N/mm2. Beam – 1% to 2%
(d) The mix characteristic compressive strength Columns – 1% to 5%
of 100 mm size cube at 28 days is 30 N/mm2.
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I 39. Which of the following is TRUE regarding
Ans. (c) The M30 refers the symbol M, used for the stress-strain curve of concrete?
designation of concrete mix, refers to the mix and the (a) A straight line up to the failure.
number refers to the specified characteristic (b) Hyperbolic up to 0.002% strain value and
compressive strength of 150mm size cube at 28 days then a straight line up to failure.
expressed in 30N/mm2. (c) Parabolic up to 0.002% strain value and then
a straight line up to failure.
 It is used in RCC, and construction of slabs, beams, (d) Straight line up to 0.002% strain value and
columns, footing etc. then parabolic up to failure.
36. In reinforced concrete footing, the minimum SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning)
value of nominal cover for the reinforcing bar, Ans. (c)
to meet the durability requirement is:
(a) 45 mm (b) 50 mm
(c) 40 mm (d) 30 mm
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I
Ans. (b) For footing the minimum cover for the
reinforcing bar, to meet durability requirement is 50mm.
 In case of columns the nominal cover to the
longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than
40mm or the diameter of the bar.
The curve consist of a parabola in the initial region up
 Nominal cover to meet durability requirements. to strain of 0.002 (where the slope becomes zero), and a
Exposure Conditions Minimum Nominal straight line there after, at a constant stress upto an
Concrete cover (mm) ultimate strain of 0.0035.
 Mild 20
40. The weight of reinforced concrete is generally
 Moderate 30 taken as :
 Severe 45 (a) 2200 kg/m3 (b) 2300 kg/m3
 Very Severe 50 (c) 2400 kg/m3 (d) 2500 kg/m3
 Extreme 75 SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 346 YCT

 Ans. (d) : Unit weight is also as specific weight. Unit Ans. (a) : Probability curve of concrete cube test.
weight is the weight of the material per unit volume. Mean strength (fm)
Material Unit weight Average value of strength of maximum frequency.
PCC (plain cement concert) 2400 kg/m3 Mean strength
RCC (Reinforced cement 2500 kg/m3 fm = fck + 1.65 S
concrete) fck = fm – 1.65 S
Portland cement 1400 kg/m3 fck = characteristic load (fck)
Cement Mortar 2000 kg/m3 S = standard deviation
Water 1000 kg/m3 45. Which IS code gives details regarding water to
be used in concrete?
Wet Sand 1100 to 2000 kg/m3 (a) IS 456 (b) IS 383
Brick masonry 1920 kg/m3 (c) IS 565 (d) IS 3012
41. For the construction of cement concrete dams, SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
the maximum permissible size of the aggregates is Ans. (a) IS 456 code are gives details regarding water is
(a) 40 mm (b) 50 mm used in concrete. The water used for mixing and curing
(c) 60 mm (d) 70 mm shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils,
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) acids, alkalis, salts, sugar, organic materials or other
Ans. (a) : 40mm for massive works like dams, retaining substances that may be deleterious to concrete.
wall etc. 20mm for reinforced member and 10mm for floors.  Potable water is generally considered satisfactory for
42. M 20 grade concrete means its compressive mixing concrete.
strength of 15 cm cube is 20 N/mm2 after  The PH value of water shall be not less than 6.
(a) 7 days (b) 14 days  Aggregates shall comply with the requirement of IS 383.
(c) 21 days (d) 28 days 46. Concrete is :
SSC JE 2018 (a) Good in compression, good in tension
Ans. (d) : (b) Good in compression, weak in tension
Grade Compressive (c) Weak in Compression, weak in tension
Group (d) Weak in compression, good in tension
Designation strength (28 day)
Ordinary M 10 10 SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
M 15 15 Ans. (b) Concrete has relatively high compressive
M 20 20 strength but much lower tensile strength. Concrete has a
Standard M 25 25 very low coefficient of thermal expansion and shrinks
Concrete M 30 30 as it matures.
M 35 35 Concrete is ten times stronger in compression than in
M 40 40 tension.
M 45 45 47. For M-25 grade concrete, the split tensile
M 50 50 strength in terms of percentage of its
M 55 55 compressive strength is ..........
M 60 60 (a) 7 to 11% (b) 18 to 28%
(c) 28 to 38% (d) 38 to 48%
43. According to the recommendations of IS : 456- SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
1978, the expansion joints Ans. (a) For M-25 grade concrete, the split tensile
(a) are provided where plane changes abruptly strength in terms of percentage of its compressive
(b) are provided to ensure minimum resistance strength is 7 to 11%
(c) are supported on separate columns According to IS 456 : 2000 tensile strength of M-25
(d) All option are correct concrete is 0.7 X square root (25) N/mm2. Which is
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift 3.5N/mm2.
Ans. (d) Expansion joints are provided if there is 48. Properties of concrete can broadly be divided
considerable difference in the loading in two parts of into :
the building or if there is an abrupt change in shape and (a) 1 (b) 4
plan of the building. (c) 2 (d) 3
As per IS - 456-2000 structure exceeding 45m in length SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
are designed with one or more expansion joint. Ans. (c) Properties of concrete can broadly be divided
Expansion joint shall be so provided that the necessary into two as – (i) Fresh state, (ii) Hardest state.
movement occurs with a minimum resistant at joint. 49. In design of R.C.C. structures, the tensile
The structures adjacent to joint should be preferably strength of concrete is taken as:
supported on separate columns. (a) 5N/mm2 (b) 2N/mm2
Reinforcement shall not extend across the joint. (c) 0.3N/mm2 (d) None of these
44. Which one of the following represents SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
relationship between characteristic load (fck), Ans. (d) In design of R.C.C. structures the tensile
mean strength (fm) and standard deviation (S) strength of concrete is taken as zero, because concrete
as per relevant codal provision ? does not take up tensile loads. But IS – 456 – 2000
(a) fck = fm–1.65S (b) fm = fck - 1.65S recommends the tensile strength to be calculated using
(c) fck = fm –2S (d) fm = fck - 2S  F  0.7 f ck  N / mm 2
SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift  t 
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 347 YCT
50. Flexure strength of concrete is determined as: As per the tensile zone is concerned, the position is
(a) Modulus of rigidity depends upon the type of structure. e.g. In the cantilever
(b) Modulus of rupture beam the tensile zone is on the top. But in the general
(c) Modulus of plasticity structures the tensile zone is at bottom. So
(d) Modulus of elasticity reinforcement is done at bottom.
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift 54. Why are steel reinforcing rods used in concrete
Ans. (b) Flexure strength of concrete is determined as beams–
modulus of rupture. (a) To make it carry compression
51. According to I.S. 456, the number of grades of (b) To make it carry tension
standard concrete mixes are (c) To make it carry compression as well as
(a) 3 (b) 5 tension
(c) 6 (d) 7 (d) None of these
SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift
Ans. (d) : As per IS456:2000, amendment, 2013 Ans. (b) : Concrete is very good in compression but
Specified characteristics very weak in the tension. So for any structure it is
Grade compressive strength of equally important to withstand tension & compression
Group
Designation 150 mm cube at 28 days both. Steel is strong in tension, ie. it can bear tension
N/mm2 very easily so by using steal bars, RCC structure can
M 10 10 easily withstand tension load or tensile stresses also.
Ordinary
M 15 15
concrete 55. If the thickness of a structural member is small
M 20 20
M 25 25 as compared to its length and width, it is
M 30 30 classified as ..........
(a) one dimensional (b) two dimensional
M 35 35
(c) three dimensional (d) None of these
Standard M 40 40 SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
concrete M 45 45
Ans. (b) If the thickness of a structural member is small
M 50 50
as compared to its length and width, it is classified as
M 55 55
two dimensional.
M 60 60 – Beam is a structural member for the frame or structure
M 65 65 of steel or concrete which has one dimension (length)
M 70 70 considerably larger than the other of two dimensions
M 75 75 (length) considerably larger than the other of two
High M 80 80
strength dimensions. It is called one dimensional structure.
concrete M 85 85 Such stress undergo plain stress condition hence stress
M 90 90 in lateral dimension is zero as there is no area to provide
M 95 95 the resisting force.
M 100 100 56. In case of reinforced concrete, what is the
52. The advantage of reinforced concrete, is due to minimum grade of concrete that should be
(a) monolithic character used in sea water or when exposed directly
(b) fire-resisting and durability
along the sea–coast?
(c) economy because of less maintenance cost
(a) M15 (b) M20
(d) All option are correct
SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift (c) M25 (d) M30
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Ans. (d) : Reinforced concrete as an economic building SSC JE 2010
material, is resist many types of loading. Concrete
resists compression and steel reinforcement resists Ans. (d) According to Is 456-2000. In case of
tension forces. reinforced concrete, minimum grade of concrete
Advantages of Reinforced Concrete– reinforced concrete, minimum grade of concrete that
 The monolithic character of reinforced concrete gives should be used in sea water or when exposed directly
it more rigidity. along the sea-coast is not less than M-30.
 Maintenance cost of RCC is practically nil. 57. Poisson's ratio for concrete
 It has good resistance to damage by fire and (a) remains constant
weathering (because of concrete) (b) increases with richer mixes
 It is durable and RCC prevent steel from rusting. (c) decreases with richer mixes
(d) none of the above
53. In a R.C.C. structure, the tension zone lies in SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
the–
(a) Top (b) Middle Lateral strain
Ans. (b) : Poisson ratio =
(c) Side (d) Bottom Longitudinal strain
SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift
 Poisson ratio for concrete increase with richer mixture.
Ans. (d) : R.C.C. is composed of concrete and the  = 0.1  for high strength concrete.
reinforcement steel. Since concrete is strong in
compression but weak in tension, the steel is provided  = 0.15  for standard concrete.
in the tensile zone.  = 0.20  for low strength concrete.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 348 YCT

58. The factor of safety for 62. The characteristic strength of concrete is
(a) steel and concrete are same defined as that strength below which not more
(b) steel is lower than that for concrete than........... of the test results are expected to
(c) steel is higher than that for concrete fall:
(d) none of the above (a) 10% (b) 5%
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift (c) 15% (d) 20%
Ans. (b) :  The factor of safety for steel is lower than SSC JE 2012, 2010
that for concrete. Ans. (b) The strength of material below which not
 Working stress method (W.S.M.) more than 5% of the test results are expected to fail, is
Working stress method (W.S.M.)– known as the characteristic strength of the material
Material F.O.S. and denoted by fck for concrete.
Concrete 3 63. The test strength of the sample of concrete is
Steel 1.78 taken as average of the strength of
 Limit state method (F.O.S.) (a) 2 specimens (b) 3 specimens
Material Partial (F.O.S.) (c) 4 specimens (d) 5 specimens
Concrete 1.5 SSC JE 2011 (Evening )
Steel 1.15 Ans. (b) : The test strength of the sample of concrete
 Since steel is manufactured in plants hence a better is taken as average at the strength of 3 specimens.
degree of quality control is possible, whereas in care of Quantity of concrete Member of samples
3
concrete quality control is not as good as steel, hence (m )
FOS for steel is kept lower than concrete. 1-5 1
59. The minimum cement content in reinforced 6-15 2
concrete as IS 456 in kg/m : 3 16-30 3
(a) 200 (b) 250 31-50 4
(c) 300 (d) 350 51 and above 4 plus one additional
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift sample for each
Ans. (c) : Minimum cement content depends upon additional 50 m3
exposure condition (governs durability criteria) 64. The thermal expansion coefficient () of steel is:
Exposure condition Min. Cement (Kg/m3) (a) 13 × 10–6/°C and closely resembles to  of
Mild 300 concrete.
Moderate 300 (b) 11 × 10–6/°C and differs widely from  of
Severe 320 concrete
Very severe 340 (c) 12 × 10–6/°C and close to  of concrete.
Extreme 360 (d) 14 ×10–6/°C but nearly equal to  of concrete
 Maximum cement content shall not exceeds 450 Kg/m . 3 SSC JE 2011 (Morning )
60. Partial safety for concrete and steel are 1.5 and Ans. (c) Some important physical properties of steel are–
1.15 respectively, because___: Young's modulus (E) (MPa) 2  105
(a) Concrete is heterogeneous while steel is Shear modulus (G) (MPa) 80  103
homogeneous Poisson's ratio () 0.27 – 0.30
(b) The control on the quality of concrete is not Thermal expansion coefficient () 12  10–6/ºC
as good as that of steel 65. For mild and moderate exposure, if 20 mm
(c) Concrete is weak in tension down coarse aggregate are used, minimum
(d) Voids in concrete are 0.5% while those in cement content per cubic meter of concrete
steel are 0.15% must not be less than:
SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift (a) 280 kg (b) 300 kg
Ans. (b) Partial safety factor for concrete and steel are (c) 320 kg (d) 340 kg
1.5 and 1.15 respectively, because the control on the SSC JE 2011 (Morning )
quality of concrete is not as good as that of steel. Ans. (b) Minimum cement content on basis of exposure
61. Minimum grade of reinforced concrete used for condition using 20 mm nominal size of aggregate–
moderate exposure Minimum
Minimu Max.
(a) M65 (b) M20 Exposure m cement free w/c
condition content
(c) M40 (d) M25 grade ratio
SSC JE 2012
(Kg/m3)
Ans. (d) : Minimum grade of reinforced concrete Mild M 20 300 0.55
used for moderate exposure M 25. Table-5 of IS 456 Moderate M 25 300 0.50
: 2000 Severe M 30 320 0.45
PCC RCC Very severe M 35 340 0.45
Exposure Min. grade of Min. grade of Extreme M 40 360 0.40
concrete concrete 66. The modulus of rupture of concrete gives:
Mild M 20 (a) The direct tensile strength of the concrete
– (b) The direct compressive strength of the concrete
Moderate M 15 M 25 (c) The tensile strength of the concrete under
Severe M 20 M 30 bending
Very severe M 20 M 35 (d) The characteristic strength of the concrete
Extreme M 25 M 40 SSC JE 2011 (Morning)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 349 YCT
 Ans. (c) The modulus of rupture of concrete gives the Ans. : (b) The value of ultimate creep coefficient for
tensile strength of the concrete under bending. concrete is decreases with age of loading
Modulus of rupture (fcr) is given as– Time duration to Creep coefficient
apply load value
f cr  0.7 f ck 7 days 2.2
where, 28 days 1.6
fck = characteristic compressive strength of concrete 1 year 1.1
67. For RCC construction the maximum size of 71. The characteristic strength of concrete in the
coarse aggregate is limited to actual structure is taken as:
(a) 15mm (b) 20mm (a) fck (b) 0.85 fck
(c) 30mm (d) 10mm (c) 0.67 fck (d) 0.447 fck
SSC JE 2011 (Morning) SSC JE 2010
Ans. (b) : We know that, for RCC, maximum aggregate Ans. : (c) As per IS 456 : 2000 for the design of flexural
1
th members the characteristic strength of concrete is taken
size = of the least lateral dimension of mould. as 0.67 fck
5  Larger size leads to more variability in strength.
1 Hence, the strength of concrete, will be lesser than the
So, for RCC, maximum size of aggregate = 100 mm
5 cube strength.
 20 mm 72. Mix ratio of M20 grade cement concrete is
and for P.C.C. maximum size of aggregate is (a) 1:3:6 (b) 1:4:8
1  (c) 1:2:4 (d) 1:1 12 : 3
  100  = 25 mm. SSC JE 2009
4 
Ans. (d) :
68. For reinforced concrete members totally Grade of concrete Mix proportions
immersed in sea water, the additional cover M5 1 : 5 : 10
thickness recommended by the code is :
M 7.5 1:4:8
(a) 25 mm (b) 30 mm
(c) 35 mm (d) 45 mm M 10 1:3:6
SSC JE 2010, 2005 M 15 1:2:4
Ans. : (a) The additional cover thickness is 25 mm. M 20 1
1. Mild – Protected against weather or 20 mm 1:1 :3
2
aggressive condition, except those 73. Ordinary concrete is not used for concrete
located in coastal area. (a) M 10 (b) M 15
2. Moderate – Sheltered from severe 30 mm (c) M 20 (d) M 40
rain, exposed to rain, concrete SSC JE 2009, KPSC JE Code 137/2014
continuous under water. Ans. : (d) According to IS 456–2000
3. Severe – Exposed to severe rain, 45 mm M 10 – M 20  ordinary concrete
concrete subjected to alternate M 25 – M 60  Standard concrete
wetting and drying completely M 65 – M 100  High strength concrete
immerse in sea water. M 40 is used for pre-tensioned, pre stressed concrete
4. Very severe – Exposed to sea water 50 mm works.
(Alternate wetting/drying, sever 74. Permissible compressive strength of M 200
freezing, subjected to sub soil
concrete grade is:
condition) foundation. SSC JE 2009
69. The characteristic strength of concrete is Or
measured at : Permissible compressive strength of M20
(a) 14 days (b) 28 days concrete grade is
(c) 91 days (d) 7 days (a) 100 kg/cm2 (b) 150 kg/cm2
SSC JE 2010 (c) 200 kg/cm 2
(d) 250 kg/cm2
Ans. : (b) Characteristic strength (fck)– The strength SSC JE 2008
below which not more than 5% of rest result are Ans. : (c) Characteristic compressive strength of M20
expected to fall. grade concrete grade 200 kg/cm2.
fck = fm – 1.65  Characteristic compressive strength of M20 = 20 MPa
As per IS 456 : 2000 For the design of flexural = 20 N/mm2
members the characteristic strength of concrete is = 20  102 N/cm2
measured at 28 days. After 28 days curing 90% of
20 102
strength is gain by the concrete. = kg / cm 2 = 200 kg/cm2
70. The value of ultimate creep coefficient for 10
concrete: 75. The term 'Characteristic load' means that load
(a) Increases with age of loading. which has a probability of not being exceeded,
(b) Decreases with age of loading. during the life of the structure is equal to:
(c) Remains constant. (a) 90 % (b) 95 %
(d) Is taken as 0.0003 (c) 99 % (d) 100 %
SSC JE 2010 SSC JE 2005
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 350 YCT
Ans. : (b) Characteristic load is that value of load which In this case which is minimum we take. Hence, the
has a 95% probability of not being exceed during the flexural strength of a rectangular section of a singly
life of the structure is known as characteristic load and reinforced RCC beam does depend upon grade of
is defined by fck . concrete, grade of steel and depth of beam.
f m  fck  1.65  79. Minimum shear reinforcement is provided in
an RCC beam under which of the following
76. The shape of stress-strain curve of concrete conditions?
prescribed by IS 456-1978 is: (a) Nominal shear stress is less than design shear
(a) Rectangular (b) Parabolic strength of concrete
(c) Rectangular-Parabolic(d) None of these (b) Nominal shear stress is greater than design
SSC JE 2004 shear strength of concrete.
Ans. (c) : Stress-strain curve of concrete (c) Nominal shear stress is greater design shear
strength of concrete but less than maximum
shear stress
(d) Nominal shear stress is greater than
maximum shear stress
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning)
Ans. (a) : Minimum shear reinforcement–When v is
less than c minimum shear reinforcement shall be
provided.
Minimum shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups
The shape of stress-strain curve if concrete is parabolic shall be provided such that
rectangular. A sv 0.4
77. Minimum grade of concrete to be used in 
reinforced concrete as per IS: 456-2000 is:- b.Sv f y
(a) M15 (b) M20 where, Asv = total cross-sectional area of stirrup legs
(c) M10 (d) M25 effective in shear
SSC JE 2004 v = nominal shear stress
Ans. (b) : As per IS code 456 : 2000, minimum grade of b = breadth of beam
concrete used for RCC is M20, with ratio 1:1.5:3 means Reasons for providing minimum shear
1 part of cement, 1.5 part of sand and 3 part of course reinforcement
aggregate. • It prevents sudden shear failure with the formation of
 As per IS code 456 : 1978, minimum grade of diagonal tension crack and imparts ductility to provide
concrete used for RCC is M15. sufficient warning of impending failure. Thus brittle
Note- shear failure is prevent.
 Min grade of concrete in • It guards against any sudden failure of a beam if
post-tensioning concrete = M 30 concrete cover bursts and bond to tension steel is lost.
 Min grade of concrete in • It confines the concrete, thereby increasing its strength
pre-tensioning concrete = M 40 and rotation capacity.
 Min grade of concrete in
sea water construction = M 30 80. The working stress method is also known as–
(a) All of the options
(b) Critical method
2. Working Stress Method (c) Elastic method
(d) Load factor method
78. As per IS 456-2000, the flexural strength of a SSC JE 23.03.2021 (evening)
rectangular section of a singly reinforced RCC Ans. (c) Working stress method is also known as Elastic
beam does NOT depend on which of the given method where concrete is assumed as Elastic steel and
options? concrete together act as Elastically where the load and
(a) Grade of concrete (b) Depth of beam stress is linear
(c) Grade of steel (d) Temperature  Also know as modular ratio method.
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) 81. Select the correct statement with respect to an
Ans. (d) : Bending (flexural) strength of a over-reinforced cement concrete section under
rectangular singly reinforced RCC beam–In case, the the working stress method.
area of steel (Ast) is the singly reinforced beam in such (a) The compressive stress in steel reaches the
that, the tensile stress in steel bars become equal to the allowable limit before the maximum tensile
permissible stress in steel reinforcement. stress in concrete reaches the allowable limit
MR1 = T . lever arm (b) Tensile steel stress and maximum
compressive stress in concrete simultaneously
MR1 = (st. Ast Jd) [J = 1 – k/3] reach their allowable limits.
For compression (c) The allowable limiting is reached in concrete
MR2 = C . lever arm before the steel stress reaches the limiting
MR2 = ½ cbc. (b.kd) . Jd value.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 351 YCT

 (d) The tensile stress in steel reaches the (a) composite sections
allowable limit before the maximum (b) under reinforced sections
compressive stress in concrete reaches the (c) balanced reinforced sections
allowable limit. (d) over reinforced sections
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening)
Ans. (c) : Over reinforced cement concrete section Ans. (b) : Under Reinforced Sections–The steel in the
under the working stress method is the allowable tensile zone attain its maximum stress earlier, its means
limiting is reached in concrete before the steel stress that tension steel yield up to ultimate strength and the
reaches the limiting value. section will be under reinforced. (Ductile failure)
82. The failure of an over reinforced concrete xa < xc
beam is due to : Over reinforcement–The concrete attain its maximum
(a) compression failure (b) mid failure stress earlier, its means that tension steel does not yield
(c) shear failure (d) tension failure up to ultimate strength and the section will be over
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) reinforced. (Brittle failure)
Ans. (a) : The failure of an over reinforced concrete xa > xc
beam is due to compression failure. Balanced reinforcement–The concrete and steel attains
 The concrete attain its maximum stress earlier its means their max. stresses simultaneously.
that tension steel does not yield up to ultimate strength and xa = xc
the section will be over reinforced (Brittle failure). 86. The yield strength of a mild steel specimen was
xa > xc found to be 250 N/mm2. Taking a factor of
83. The following two statements pertain to a safety of 2, the allowable working stress is:
(a) 62.5 N/mm2 (b) 250 N/mm2
simply supported under reinforced concrete 2
(c) 500 N/mm (d) 125 N/mm2
beam. Select the correct option with regard to SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
these statements.
Ans. (d) : When designing machine parts, it is
1. The failure of the beam takes place due to
desirable to keep the stress lower than the maximum or
the yielding of steel. ultimate stress at which failure of material takes place.
2. The moment of resistance of the beam is It is known as safe or allowable stress.
more than that of the balanced section of
the beam. Yield strength
Allowable working stress =
(a) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 Is false Factor of safety
(b) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true 250
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true 
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false 2
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) Allowable working stress = 125 N/mm2
Ans. (a) : Simply supported under reinforced concrete 87. As per IS 456 : 2000, using working stress
beam the failure of the beam takes place due to the method, the modular ratio of M25 grade of
yielding of steel. concrete for permissible compressive strength
 Failure takes place by crushing of concrete after the due to bending in concrete cbc = 8.5 MPa
steel has yield. (a) 15.63 (b) 10.98
(c) 12.04 (d) 14.39
 The neutral axis moves up as the load is increased.
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I
84. Reinforcement provided in a rectangular RCC Ans. (b) As per IS 456 : 2000 the modular ratio for
beam of effective depth 500 mm is such that M25 grade of concrete-
actual depth of neutral axis is at 300 mm from
cbc= 8.5 MPa.
extreme compression fibre. Fe 415 steel is used
280
and provided on tension face only It is a: m
(a) under reinforced section 3cbc
(b) over reinforced section 280
(c) doubly reinforced section m
3  8.5
(d) balanced section
SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning) m  10.98
Ans. (b) : 88. According to IS 456 : 2000, the maximum
Effective depth 'd' = 500 mm strain in concrete at the outermost compression
Depth of neutral axis = 300 mm = xa fibre is taken as :
For Fe415 grade xc = 0.48d (a) 0.0035 in bending (b) 0.035 in bending
So, xc = 0.48×500 (c) 0.035 in shear (d) 0.0035 in shear
xc = 240 mm SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning)
Q xa > xc Ans. (a)
So, beam is an over reinforced section.  According to IS 456 : 2000, the maximum strain in
85. The sections in which tension steel reaches concrete, at the outer most compression fibre is taken
yield strain at loads lower than loads at which as 0.0035 in bending when Neutral Axis lies within
concrete reaches strain are called: the section.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 352 YCT

 The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial 25x2 + 562.5x – 39375 = 0
compression is taken as 0.002. By solving the equation, we get
x  30cm
91. If the neutral axis of a T-beam is below the
slab, the relationship between the flange width
B, depth of neutral axis n, thickness of the slab
ds, effective depth of the beam d, gross area of
tensile steel Ast and the modular ratio m may
89. If in a concrete beam the modular ratio is m, be stated as
ratio of stress in steel to concrete is r, overall (a) Bds (n – ds/2) = mAst(d + n)
depth of beam is d, then the depth of critical (b) Bds (n + ds/2) = mAst(d – n)
N.A. of beam is (c) Bds (n – ds/2) = mAst(d – n)
(d) None of these
m m SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening)
(a) .d (b) d
mr mr Ans. (c) :
mr rm
(c) .d (d) .d
m m
SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
Ans. (a) : For calculated depth of critical neutral axis.

Stress ratio = st
cbc Actual depth of neutral axis–
st = stress in steel in tension at the centroid of tension
 d 
steel. B.d s  n  s   m.A t (d  n)
cbc = stress in concrete in bending as extreme  2
compression fibre. 92. According to the steel beam theory of doubly
Modular ratio = m reinforced beams
Overall depth = d (a) tension is resisted by tension steel
(b) compression is resisted by compression steel
(c) stress in tension steel equals the stress in
compression steel
(d) All option are correct
SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
Ans. (d) As per this theory i.e. steel beam theory, the
concrete is completely neglected and it comes under
d  x st / m working stress method. We know that concrete is weak
From similar triangle,  in tension but steel beam theory assumes that concrete
x cbc
is weak in compression also. We get same amount of
d m.d steel in both tension & compression. Hence all the
x x
st mr moment is resisted by steel only.
1
m.cbc 93. If the maximum bending moment of a simply
90. A singly reinforced concrete beam of 25 cm supported slab is M Kg.cm the effective depth
width and 70 cm effective depth is provided of the slab is : (it is given that Q is M.R. factor)
2 M M
with 18.75 cm steel. If the modular ratio (m) is (a) (b)
15, the depth of the neutral axis, is (100Q) (100 Q)
(a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm
(c) 30 cm (d) 35 cm M
(c) (d) None of these
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) Q
Ans. (c) : Given– SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
Width of beam (b) = 25 cm. Ans. (d) Maximum bending moment = M
Effective depth of beam (d) = 70 cm. M.R. factor = Q
Modular ratio (m) = 15 Width = B (generally 1000mm is taken because per
2
Ast = 18.75 cm metre run analysis is done).
Depth of neutral axis (x) for singly reinforced
concrete M
2
then effective depth d 
bx QB
  m Ast (d  x)
2 so option (d) i.e.; none of these is correct.
25x 2 94. The stresses developed in concrete and steel in
 15  18.75  70  x  reinforced concrete beam 25 cm width and 70
2 cm effective depth are 62.5 kg/cm2 and 250
2
25x = 562.5 (70–x) kg/cm2 respectively. If m = 15, the depth of its
2
25x = 39375 – 562.5x neutral axis is
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 353 YCT
 (a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm (a) bending moment
(c) 30 cm (d) 35 cm (b) moment of resistance
SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift (c) flexural stress moment
Ans. (*) Depth of neutral axis– (d) None of these
Mcbc  d SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift
X= Ans. (b) : The moment of couple set up in a section of a
Mcbc  st
beam by the longitudinal compressive and tensile force
15  62.5  70 is known as the "Moment of Resistance".
So, X 
15  62.5  250
65625
X
1187.5
X  55.26cm
Note–Commission is not given correct option. In WSM -
95. In a singly reinforced beam 1  x 
(a) compression is borne entirely by concrete M.O.R = C × L.A =  B.x a Ca  d  a 
(b) steel possesses initial stresses when embeded 2  3 
in concrete In LSM -
(c) plane sections transverse to the center line of BM = 0.36 fck B.xu(d – 0.42 xu)
the beam before bending remain plane after 98. If the permissible compressive stress in
bending concrete is 50 kg/cm2, tensile stress in steel is
(d) None of these 1400 kg/cm2 and modular ratio is 18, the depth
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift
of the beam is :
Ans. (a) : Compression is borne entirely by
concrete–This is true for normally loaded singly 0.11765xB.M.
(1) d 
reinforced beam but during reversal of loads due to breadth
earthquake, wind load etc, the steel may take up
compression. 0.22765xB.M.
(2) d 
Steel possesses initial stresses when embedded in breadth
concrete–This is false, in RCC steel does not possesses
0.33765xB.M.
any initial stress when embedded in concrete. (3) d 
In PSC, steel possesses initial stress when embedded in breadth
concrete. 0.44765xB.M.
As per assumptions in limit state of collapse : flexure (4) d 
the plane section normal to the axis remains plane after breadth
bending. (a) (1) Only (b) (2) Only
96. If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly (c) (3) Only (d) (4) Only
reinforced beam SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
(a) is greater than the depth of critical neutral Ans. (a) cbc = 50 kg/cm2 = 5.0 N/mm2
axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress st = 1400 kg/cm2 = 140 N/mm2
earlier m = 18
(b) is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, mcbc 18  50 900
the steel in the tensile zone attains its x c     0.39
maximum stress earlier m  cbc   st 18  50  1400 2300
(c) is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis,  x   0.39 
the concrete and steel attain their maximum J   1  c   1    0.87
stresses simultaneously  3   3 
(d) All option are correct 1 1
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift Q  J.x c .cbc =  0.87  0.39  50
Ans. (d) 2 2
Depth of actual neutral axis (xa). Q = 8.48
Depth of critical neutral axis (xc). BM = Qbd2
(1) xa > xc  over reinforced section BM BM
Concrete attains its maximum stress d 
Q.b 8.48  b
earlier.
(2) xa < xc  under reinforced section 0.11765B.M.
Steel attains its maximum stress earlier d
b
(3) xa = xc  Balanced section.
Concrete and steel attain their maximum 99. By over-reinforcing a beam, the moment of
stress simultaneously. resistance can be increased not more than
97. The moment of the couple set up in a section of (a) 10% (b) 15%
a beam by the longitudinal compressive and (c) 20% (d) 25%
tensile force is known as SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 354 YCT

Ans. (d) : By increasing the quantity of steel in the Ans. (a) m = Qbd2
tension zone, the moment of resistance cannot be 1
increased indefinitely, usually, the moment of resistance Q  cjk
2
can be increased by not more than 25% over the c  cbc
balanced moment of resistance, by making the beam
k
over-reinforced on the tension side. j  1
100. In a doubly-reinforced beam if c and t are 3
stresses in concrete and tension reinforcement,  mc 
k = Neutral axis factor =  
d is the effective depth and n is depth of critical  t  mc 
neutral axis n, the following relationship holds 280
good. m = Modular ratio =
3cbc
mc n (m  c) n t = tensile stress in steel.
(a)  (b) 
t (d  n) t (d  n) Assuming fe 250 & M15
(t  c) (d  n) mc (d  n) cbc  C  5N / mm 2
(c)  (d) 
m n t t t  st  140 N / mm 2
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift For fe 250
SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am k = 0.4
Ans. (a) k 0.4
 1  1  0.867
3 3
c t/m 1 1
 Q  cjk   5  0.867  0.4
n d  n  2 2
mc n Q  0.87
  Moment of resistance factor for M 15 & fe 250 = 0.87
t dn
i.e
101. If d and n are the effective depth and neutral
M  0.87 bd 2
axis respectively of a singly reinforced beam,
the lever arm of the beam is 103. If strain developed in concrete and steel used in
n a singly reinforced concrete section is equal to
(a) d (b) d  its ultimate values then the section is said to be
3 (a) None of these (b) Under reinforced
n n (c) Balanced (d) Over reinforced
(c) d  (d) d  SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift
3 2
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) Ans. (c) : Balanced section – A balanced section is that
SSC JE 2008, WBPSC JE 2007 in which strain in concrete and steel reaches permissible
value reach at same time.
Ans. (c) : For balanced section (xa = xc) Under reinforced section – In an under reinforced
section the percentage of steel provided is less than that
provided in balanced section. In under reinforced
section strain in steel reaches before concrete to its
permissible limit.
Over reinforced section – In this section the
percentage of steel is provided is greater than balanced
Stress diagram section. In this section strain of concrete reaches before
steel to its permissible value.
  x 
MR  Bx a cbc  d  a  104. The assumption made in the theory of
2  3  reinforced cement concrete beam is that
or (a) All the tensile stresses are taken up by the
steel reinforcement only
 xa  (b) The steel and concrete are stressed within its
MR  st .A st  d   Xa  n  elastic limit
 3 
(c) There is sufficient bond between steel and
 xa   n concrete
 d  3  or  d  3  = Lever arm (d) All options are correct
   
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Morning Shift
102. For M 15 grade concrete (1 : 2 : 4) the moment Ans. (d) Theory of reinforced cement concrete beam –
of resistance factor is ........... Assumption – Plane section normal to the axis remain
(a) 0.87 (b) 8.5 plane after bending.
(c) 7.5 (d) 5.8  All the tensile stress are taken up by the steel
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift reinforced only.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 355 YCT
 The steel and concrete are stressed within its elastic Ans. (c) The working stress of a material is always
limit. less than it's yield stress for safety point of view.
 There is sufficient bond between steel and concrete. Working stress is the ratio of ultimate stress to factor
 Maximum compressive strain in concrete is 0.0035 of safety.
the stress strain curve of concrete can be assumed to 109. In double reinforced sections, total
be any shape which has substantial agreement with reinforcement percentage should not exceed :
the test result. (a) 4 (b) 6
105. The maximum allowable percentage of tension (c) 8 (d) 10
reinforcement in R.C.C. beam is .............. SSC JE 2005
(a) 0.85/fy (b) 0.4 Ans. : (c)
(c) 4 (d) 40Sv/fyd  Maximum area of tension reinforcement
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift Ast max = 0.04 BD, i.e 4% of total C/S
Ans. (c) Tension reinforcement in RCC beam –  Maximum area of compression reinforcement
(a) Maximum reinforcement - The maximum area of Asc max = 0.04BD i.e. 4% of total C/S
tension reinforcement shall not exceed 0.04 bD. Total = 4 + 4 = 8% of total C/S
Where, 110 In the case of working stress method of design,
D– total depth of the beam. the design load is :
(b) Minimum reinforcement - The minimum area of (a) The characteristic load
tension reinforcement shall not less than that given by (b) The characteristic load with appropriate
the following. partial safety factors
0.85 bd (c) The characteristic load with appropriate
A st 
fy factor of safety.
(d) The greatest of (b) and (c) above.
Where, SSC JE 2005
Ast – minimum area of tension reinforcement
b – breadth of beam Ans. : (c) In the case of working stress method of
d – effective depth, and design, the design load is the characteristic load only
fy – characteristic strength of reinforcement in N/m . 2 with appropriate factor of safety.
Characteristic load is that value of load which has a
106. According to the working stress method, the 95% probability of not being exceeding during the life
modular ratio between steel and concrete is: time of the structure.
280 280
(a) (b)
3cbc 0.45cbc
3. Limit State Method
280 250
(c) (d)
5cbc 0.45cbc 111. Find the moment of resistance of a balanced
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift singly reinforced beam using the following
SSC JE 2009 data.
280 Grade of concrete : M20
Ans : (a) The value of modular ratio (m) = Grade of steel : Fe415
3cbc b = width of the beam
Or d = effective depth of the beam
Short term modular ratio Use limit state method of design
f (a) 2.76bd2 (b) 2.66bd2
 cbc = concrete permissible stress = ck 2
FOS (c) 2.07bd (d) 2.96bd2
 FOS in WSM for concrete = 3, for steel = 1.78 SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
107. The working stress of a material is expected to SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I
be: Ans. (a) : Given-
(a) Equal to ultimate stress
(b) Equal to yield stress  M  Mix 
M20  
(c) Less than yield stress 20  Fck 
(d) More than yield stress Fe415
SSC JE 2011 (Morning )
MOR for Balanced section in Limit state design.
Ans. (c) The working stress of a material is always
less than it's yield stress for safety point of view. = 0.138 fck bd2
Working stress is the ratio of ultimate stress to factor = 0.138×20×b×d2
of safety. Mr = 2.76 bd2
108. The working stress of a material is expected to Note : MOR for,
be: Fe 250 0.148 fck bd2
(a) Equal to ultimate stress Fe 500 0.133 fck bd2
(b) Equal to yield stress Note : Xulim  Fe 250 = 0.53 d
(c) Less than yield stress
Fe 415 = 0.48d
(d) More than yield stress
SSC JE 2011 (Morning) Fe 500 = 0.46 d
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 356 YCT
112. In the design of T beam, If Mu > Mu,lim then the (a) The tensile strength of the concrete is taken
section is designed as a ______ into account.
Where (b) The maximum strain in concrete at the
Mu = ultimate flexural strength of beam outermost compression fiber is taken as
Mu, lim = limiting moment of resistance of beam 0.0035 in bending.
(a) Doubly reinforced section (c) The relationship between the stress strain
(b) under reinforced section distribution in concrete is assumed to be
(c) Singly reinforced section straight.
(d) Over reinforced section (d) Plane section normal to axis does not remain
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) plane after bending.
Ans. (a) : Doubly reinforced concrete beam in flexure SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
Mu = 0.36 fck b.xu (d – 0.42x4) + (fsc – fcc) Asc (d – d') Ans. (b) : As per IS 456:2000, Cl-38.1–
where, • Plane section normal to the axis remain plane after
Asc = Area of the compression reinforcement bending.
xu = Depth of neutral axis at ultimate state • The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost
fcc = Stress in concrete at the level of the compression compression fiber is taken as 0.0035 in bending.
reinforcement. • The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in
fsc = Stress in compression reinforcement. the section at failure shall not be less than
d' = Effective cover to compression reinforcement. fy
d = Effective depth of the beam section.  0.002
1.15 Es
• If Mu > Mu,lim the beam section has to be design as a
doubly reinforced section 115. In limit state of collapse:
For T-beam The area of stress block for a rectangular
• When the neutral axis lies within the flange section subjected to flexure is.
Mu = 0.36 fck Bxu (d – 0.42 xu) = 0.87 fy Ast (d – 0.42 xu) (a) Area of rectangular portion
(b) Area of triangular portion
0.87f y A st
xu   x u , max (c) Area of rectangular portion + Area of
0.36f ck B parabolic portion
Limiting moment of resistance of beam section (d) Area of rectangular portion + Area of
Mu,lim = 0.36 fck (d – 0.42 xulim) + 0.446 fck (B – bf) yf (d triangular portion
– yf/2) SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I
Where, Ans. (c) : As per IS 456 = 2000–
Mu = Ultimate flexural strength of beam In limit state of collapse –
Mu,lim = Limiting moment of resistance of a beam.  The area of stress block is the sum of area of
rectangular portion and area of parabolic portion.
113. A BG track is laid with a sleeper density of
N+3. The width of the sleeper is 20.25 cm. Find
the minimum depth of the ballast cushion.
(a) 30.5 cm (b) 10.125 cm
(c) 61 cm (d) 20.375 cm
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning)
Ans. (a) : Given that,
Sleeper density = N + 3
(W) width of sleeper = 20.25 cm
For BG track
length of one rail = 13 m 116. As per IS 456:2000, for limit state method of
No. of sleepers = 13 + 3 = 16 design, the permissible bearing stress shall be
13 100 taken as:
Spacing of sleepers (S) 
16 (a) 0.45 fck (b) 0. 5 fck
S = 81.25 cm (c) 0.67 fck (d) 0.25 fck
S  W 81.25  20.25 SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
Depth of ballast cushion   Ans. (a) : As per IS- 456- 2000, CI – 34.4
2 2
= 30.50 cm = 30.5 cm  For limit state method of design the permissible
bearing stress shall be 0.45 fck.
114. According to IS 456:2000, for limit state
method of collapse in flexure, which of the  For working stress method the permissible bearing
following assumptions is correct? stress on fall area of concrete shall be taken as 0.25 fck.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 357 YCT

117. The expression for additional tension  Depth of centre of compressive force from the
reinforcement in a doubly reinforced beam is extreme fiber in compression = 0.42 Xu
given by: fck  characteristic compressive strength of concrete
A *  fsc  f cc  Xu  depth of neutral axis.
(a) Ast2  sc 120. According to the assumptions made in the limit
fy
state method of design of a compression
0.87 f y member, The maximum compressive strain in
(b) Ast2  concrete under axial compression is _____.
A sc *  fsc – f cc  (a) 0.45 (b) 0.0035
1.15f y (c) 0.002 (d) 0.001
(c) Ast2  SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I
Asc * fsc
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
A sc *  fsc  f cc  Ans. (c) : In limit state method of design of a
(d) Ast2  compression member-
0.87 f y
 The maximum compressive strain in concrete under
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I axial compression is- 0.002 or 0.2%
Ans. (d) : Doubly reinforced beam
 A reinforced concrete beam with steel reinforcement
both in tension and compression zone is called doubly
reinforce beam.

 Maximum compressive strain in case of bending

compression = 0.0035
121. As per IS 456:2000, for the design of doubly
reinforced beam, the area of compression
reinforcement Asc is given by _____.
A sc  fsc  f cc  Mu = ultimate flexural strength of doubly
A st 2  reinforced section
0.87 f y Mu. lim = limiting moment of resistance
Ast2  Additional tension reinforcement in doubly fsc = stress in the compression steel
reinforcement beam. d = effective depth
d' = depth of compression reinforcement
fcc  Compression stress in concrete
Mu – Mu,lim
Asc  Area of reinforcement in compression side (a) Asc 
fsc  compression stress in steel reinforcement fsc(d  d ')
Mu  Mu,lim
118. According to the limit state of collapse of RC (b) Asc 
structures, the values of partial safety factor fsc(d – d ')
should be taken as: Mu  Mu,lim
(c) Asc 
(a) 0.45 for concrete and 0.87 for steel fsc(d  d ')
(b) 1.15 for concrete and 1.5 for steel Mu – Mu,lim
(c) 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel (d) Asc 
fsc(d – d ')
(d) 0.87 for concrete and 0.45 for steel
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
Ans. (d) : Doubly Reinforced sections are adopted when
Ans. (c) : Partial safety factor (m)– When assessing the dimensions of the beam have been predetermined
the strength of a structure or structural member for the from other considerations and the applied bending
limit state of collapse, the values of partial safety factor, moment is greater than the moment of resistance of a
m should be taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel. singly reinforcement beam. The additional moment of
119. In stress block diagram for A rectangular resistance is carried by providing compression
section of singly reinforced beam IN LIMIT reinforcement and additional reinforcement in tension
STATE METHOD, the centroid of compressive zone. Therefore the section which is reinforced with
force lies at a distance of _______ from the longitudinal reinforcement in both tension and
extreme compression fibre. compression zone is known as doubly reinforced section.
(a) 0.5 Xu (b) 0.36 Xu M  M u lim
A sc  u
(c) 0.45 Xu (d) 0.42 Xu f sc  d  d '
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I 122 For a structural member, dead load = 20 kN
Ans. (d) and live load = 12 kN. What will be its design
 Design compressive strength of concrete = 0.45 fck. load as per limit state of collapse philosophy ?
(a) 48 kN (b) 8 kN
 The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost (c) 32 kN (d) 20 kN
compression fiber taken as 0.0035 in bending. SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon)

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 358 YCT

Ans. (a) : Given, Dead load = 20 kN 126 In limit state design method, the limiting values
Live load/imposed load = 12 kN of the depth of neutral axis for Fe 415 steel is
 Design load as per limit state of collapse given by which of the following equations?
= 1.5 [DL + IL] (a) 0.53 d (b) 0.48 d
= 1.5 [20 + 12] (c) 0.46 d (d) 0.36 d
= 48 kN. SSC JE 2020
SSC JE 2007
123 Limit state of collapse deals with :
(a) deflection and cracking of structures under Ans. (b) :
service loads 700
(b) fire resistance x u lim  d
1100  0.87 fy
(c) the strength and stability of structures 700
subjected to the maximum design loads out of   d  0.479d  0.48d
the possible combinations 1100  0.87  415
(d) durability under working environment during 127 Which of the following methods aims for a
their anticipated exposure conditions during comprehensive and rational solution to the
service design of reinforced cement concrete structure
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon) by considering safety at ultimate loads and
Ans. (c) : Limit state of collapse:- It deals with serviceability at working loads
strength and stability of the structure under maximum (a) Limit state method
design load. (b) Working stress method
Limit state of serviceability : It deals with the (c) Direct design method
deflection and cracking, under service loads durability (d) Ultimate load method
stability fire resistance etc. SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening)
124 In limit state design, the design bond stress for Ans. (a) : Limit state method aims for a compressive
deformed bars (conforming to IS 1786) for and rational solution to the design of reinforced cement
M20 concrete mentioned in IS 456 : 2000 is (in concrete structure by considering safety at ultimate
N/mm2 units) : loads and serviceability at working load.
(a) 1.2 (b) 1.8  The stress are obtained from design loads and
(c) 1.68 (d) 1.92 compared with design strength.
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning)  The ultimate stresses of materials itself are used as
Ans. (d) : The value of bond stress is increased by allowable stress.
60% when deformed bars are used.  In this method, it follows linear strain relationship
grade M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M4 but not linear stresses relationship.
0  The material capabilities are not under estimated as
WSM 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 such as they are in working stress method partially
LSM – 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 safety factors are used in LSM.
For M20– 1.2 128 A cantilever beam of size 300 mm × 550 mm
for deformed bar– 1.6 with 3 bars of 12 mm diameter in tension zone,
 1.2 × 1.6 = 1.92 has a span of 3 m, adopt M20 concrete and Fe
125 A reinforced concrete beam is subjected to the 500 grade steel. The depth of neutral axis is
following bending moments. _____ (assume clear cover as 25 mm).
Moment due to dead load = 50 kNm (a) 415 mm (b) 121.5 mm
Moment due to live load = 50 kNm (c) 259.5 mm (d) 68.27 mm
Moment due to seismic load = 20 kNm SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)
The design bending moment for limit state of Ans. (d) : Given,
collapse is : Size of rectangular beam = 300 mm × 550 mm
(a) 120 kNm (b) 180 kNm Steel grade = Fe 500
(c) 144 kNm (d) 150 kNm Grade of concrete = M20,  = 12 mm @ 3
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Morning) 
Area of steel (Ast)  3  12   339.29 mm 2
2
Ans. (d) : Given, 4
 Moment due to dead load = 50 kN-m
0.87 f y Ast
 Moment due to live load = 50 kN-m Neutral axis  x u  
 Moment due to seismic load = 20 kN-m. 0.36 f ck b
 Mu = 1.5 [D.L. + L.L] 0.87  500  339.29
= 1.5 [50 +50] 
= 150 kN-m 0.36  20  300
 Mu = 1.5 [DL + EL] xu = 68.33 mm
= 1.5 [50 + 20] 129 According to IS 456-2000, under limit state of
= 105 kN-m. collapse, the maximum compressive strain in
 Mu = 1.2 [DL + LL + EL] concrete in axial compression is taken as:
= 1.2 [50 + 50 + 20] (a) 0.02 (b) 0.2
= 144 kN-m (c) 0.002 (d) 2.00
So the answer is 150 kN-m. SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 359 YCT
Ans. (c) : According to IS 456-2000, under limit state 133. What is the Neutral axis depth for a singly
of collapse, the maximum compression strain in reinforced beam from the top extreme fibre as
concrete in axial compression is taken as 0.002. per IS 456 : 2000 ?
Maximum compressible strain in concrete in bending is (a) 1.5 Xu (b) 0.002 Xu
taken as 0.0035. (c) 0.36 fck (d) 0.42 Xu
SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning)
Ans. (d) : As per IS 456 : 2000 the neutral axis depth for
a singly reinforced beam from the top extreme is 0.42xu.

130. The limiting depth of neutral axis for a beam

having effective depth of 400 mm with Fe 250
grade steel is :
(a) 212 mm (b) 318 mm Note : The commission has rejected the question in
(c) 609 mm (d) 425 mm revised answer key
SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
134. In which beam tension capacity of steel is
Ans. (a) : Given, d = 400 mm, fy = 250 greater than combined compression of steel
700 and concrete?
xulim = d
0.87f y  1100 (a) Over-reinforced (b) Under-reinforced
(c) Singly reinforced (d) Doubly reinforced
700 SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
 =  400 = 212.52
0.87  250  1100 Ans. (a) In over-reinforced beam the tension capacity
≃ 212 mm in greater than combined compression capacity of steel
131. As per IS 456: 2000, the minimum beam width & concrete.
required for a reinforced concrete beam, for 2 135. In limit state approach of design of RCC
hours of fire exposure is: structures, the spacing of main reinforcement
(a) 250 mm (b) 200 mm bars primarily controls :
(c) 150 mm (d) 300 mm (a) Collapse (b) Cracking
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I (c) Deflection (d) Durability
Ans. (b) SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
 IS - 456:2000 the minimum beam width required for Ans. (b) : Cracking– In limit state approach spacing of
a reinforced concrete beam– the main, reinforcement primarily controls, cracking
 For 2 hours of fire exposure – 200mm width with in the permissible limit under normal
 For 3 hours of fire exposure – 240mm exposure condition.
 For 4 hours of fire exposure – 280mm The code specifies minimum and maximum limit for the
 Minimum thickness of floors for 2 hour fire exposure spacing between parallel reinforcing bars in a layer. The
is 125mm minimum limits are necessary to ensure that the concrete
 For 2 hour of fire exposure the column dimension can be placed easily in between and around the bars during
fully exposed is 300mm. the placement of fresh concrete. The maximum limits are
132. The limiting depth of neutral axis for a reinforced specified for bar in tension for the purpose of controlling
concrete beam of size 250 mm in width and 550 crack-widths and improving bond.
mm in depth, with effective cover of 50 mm for 136. The partial factor of safety for concrete as per
reinforcement, using Fe 500 steel is: IS 456 – 2000
(a) 230 mm (b) 240 mm (a) 1.5 (b) 1.15
(c) 265 mm (d) 210 mm (c) 0.87 (d) 0.466
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
Ans. (a) Ans. (a) The partial factor of safety for concrete per IS
Width of beam (B) = 250mm 456-2000 is 1.5.
Depth of beam (D) = 550mm The partial factor of safety for steel as per IS 456-2000
Effective cover = 50mm is 1.15.
Effective depth of beam (d) = D – 50 137. The ultimate limit state of bending failure
d = 550–50 deemed to have reached in an RC beam when
[d = 500mm] the strain in concrete at the extreme
Limiting depth of neutral axis compression fiber reaches a value :
X u lim (a) 0.5082 (b) 0.0035
 0.46 (c) 0.0020 (d) 0.1003
d SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Xu lim = 0.46 × 500
[Xu lim = 230mm] Ans (b) : Assumption of LSM–
Steel Grade Limiting Value (Xu lim) (1) Plane section normal to the axis remains plane after
Fe 250 : 0.53d bending.
Fe 415 : 0.48d (2) The maximum strain at outer most compression
Fe 500 : 0.46d fiber shall be 0.0035 in case of bending
Fe 550 : 0.44d compression.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 360 YCT

(3) The tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected. 141. The factored loads at the limit state of collapse
(4) The stresses in the reinforcement are derived from for DL + LL, DL + WL and DL + LL + WL
representative stress-strain curve for the type of combinations, according to IS : 456 – 2000 are
steel used. For design purposes the partial safety respectively
factor m, equal to 1.15 shall be applied. (a) 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL, 1.2 DL + 1.2WL, 1.5 DL +
(5) The maximum strain in tension reinforcement at the 1.5 LL + WL
time of failure shall not be less than (b) (0.9 or 1.5) DL + 1.5 LL, 1.5 DL + 1.5 WL,
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL
 0.87f y 
(c) 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL, 1.5 DL + 1.5 WL, 1.5 DL +
 0.002  
 E s  1.5 LL + 1.5 WL
(d) 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL, (0.9 or 1.5) DL + 1.5 WL,
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL
SSC JE 2012
Ans. (d) DL + LL, DL + WL and DL + LL + WL
combinations, according to IS : 456 – 2000 are 1.5 DL
+ 1.5 LL, (0.9 or 1.5) DL + 1.5 WL, 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL
+ 1.2 WL
142. The limiting value of the depth of neutral axis
for fy = 250 N/sq. mm grade of steel based on
the assumptions is
138. As per IS 456 the permissible bearing stress on (a) 0.48 (b) 0.47
full area of concrete shall be taken as (c) 0.52 (d) 0.53
(a) 0.20 fck (b) 0.30 fck SSC JE 2011 (Evening)
(c) 0.45 fck (d) 0.25 fck SSC JE 2004
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift Ans. (d) : As per IS code –
Ans. (c) : Concrete : 700
(1) Characteristic strength fck x u lim  d
Size factor (1.5)  compressive strength = 0.67 fck 1100  0.87f y
(2) Compressive strength = 0.67 fck x u lim  0.531d
Stress factor (1.5)  design strength = 0.45 fck
(3) Design stress = 0.45 fck 143. The maximum strain in the tension
139. According to Whitney's theory, the maximum reinforcement in the section at failure shall not
depth of concrete stress block in a balanced be less than
RCC beam section of depth 'd' is.................. fy fy
(a) 0.3 d (b) 0.43 d (a)  0.02 (b)  1.115
1.115 ES 1.002 ES
(c) 0.5 d (d) 0.53 d
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening) fy fy
(c)  0.002 (d)  0.002
Ans. (d) According to Whitney's theory – The 1.10 E S 1.15 ES
maximum depth of concrete stress block in a balanced SSC JE 2011 (Evening)
RCC beam section of depth 'd' Ans. (d) : The maximum strain in the tension
2
Steel fy (N/mm ) depth (d) maximum reinforcement in the section at failure shall not be less
grade strain than–
Fe–250 250 0.53d 0.00308
Fe–415 415 0.48d 0.00380  fy 
Fe–500 500 0.46d 0.00417  su     0.002
140. Percentage of steel for balanced design of a  1.15 E s 
singly reinforced section by limit state method
depends on :
A. Characteristic strength of concrete
B. Yield strength of steel
C. Modulus of elasticity of steel
D. Geometry of the section
(a) Only B (b) A & B
(c) B, C & D (d) A, B & C
SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift  0.87 f y 
Ans. (b) Percentage of steel for balanced design of a or  su     0.002
singly reinforced section by limit state method depends  Es 
on – su = Strain in steel at time of failure or limiting strain in
 Characteristic strength of concrete steel.
 Yield strength of steel fy = Characteristic strength of steel
 Geometry of the section. Es = Modulus of elasticity (steel) = 2  105 N/mm2
0.5f ck  1.6BM u  144. The value of partial safety of factor concrete &
A st  1  1  2 
Bd steel, respectively as per limit of collapse
fy  f ck  B  d  flexure are
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 361 YCT
 (a) 1.5 & 1.115 (b) 1.5 & 1.15 149. According to IS 456 : 2000, value of design
(c) 1.115 & 1.5 (d) 1.15 & 1.5 bond stress for plain bars shall be increased
SSC JE 2010 by______% for deformed bars conforming to
Ans. (b) : The value of partial safety of factor concrete IS 1786.
& steel, respectively as per limit of collapse flexure are (a) 25 (b) 60
1.5 & 1.15. (c) 40 (d) 10
145. When assessing the strength of a structure for SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening)
the limit state of collapse, the value of partial Ans. (b) : According to IS 456:2000, bond stress for
safety factor should be taken as.....for concrete. deformed bars to IS 1786 the bond stresses may be
(a) 1.2 (b) 1.3 increase by 60% of straight bar.
(c) 1.4 (d) 1.5
SSC JE 2009 • And also bond stress increased by 25% for bars in
Ans. : (d) Partial safety factor for concrete is 1.5 and compression.
for steel is 1.15. • The stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete
The partial safety coefficient of the concrete is kept under working loads is a straight line.
higher than steel because production of concrete is 150. Hook length for a straight bar in terms of the
carried out in the open area and its strength is affected diameter of bar, d is.
due to many reasons while steel is made under (a) D (b) 18d
controlled conditions in a steel factory. (c) 9d (d) 4.5d
The partial safety factor of the concrete is kept higher SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening)
than steel because concrete is not a pure homogeneous
but steel is homogeneous material. Ans. (c) : Hook length–Hook is the extra length left at
fourth corner of a stirrup so that the stirrup retains its
146. In the limit state design of concrete structures shape.
the strain distribution is assumed to be
(a) linear (b) non-linear • Generally, hook length of straight bar = 9d (one side),
(c) parabolic (d) rectangular-parabolic d = dia of bar.
SSC JE 2004 • Total length of stirrups = Total length of bar + 2 ×
Ans. (a) : In the limit state design of concrete structure hook length
the strain distribution is assumed to be linear. = L + 2 × 9d = L + 18d
Bend length–Bar is bent at the column end to tie with
4. Shear, Bond, Anchorage footings.
• Bend length = 16d.
147. An RCC beam of width 250 mm and effective Lap length–It is the overlapping length of two bars side
depth 450 mm is subjected to a nominal shear by side.
stress of 1.25 N/mm2. What is the value of shear • For tension member, Lap length = 40d
force due to design load coming on the section? • For compression member, Lap length = 50 d
(a) 14.0625kN (b) 1.40625kN d2L
(c) 140.625kN (d) 1406.25kN Note–Unit weight of bar calculated by, w  (kg)
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) 162
Ans. (c) : Given that, 151. For an RCC beam of width 230 mm and
Width (b) = 250 mm effective 300 mm subjected to a shear force of
69 kN due to loads what will be the nominal
Effective depth (d) = 450 mm shear stress in the beam?
Nominal shear stress (v) = 1.25 N/mm2 (a) 10 N/mm2 (b) 1 N/mm2
2
v 
V (c) 0.01 N/mm (d) 0.1 N/mm2
b.d SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning)
Shear force (V) = v.bd Ans. (b) : Given,
V = 1.25 × 250 × 450 Width of beam (B) = 230 mm
V = 140625 N = 140.625 kN Effective depth of beam (d) = 300 mm
148. The maximum shear stress (in N/mm2) in a Shear force (V) = 69 kN = 69 × 103 N
reinforced concrete beam of M-25 grade as per V
IS 456-2000 is given as: Nominal shear stress () 
(a) 3.1 (b) 2.8 B d
(c) 3.4 (d) 3.5 69  103
  1 N / mm 2
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) 230  300
Ans. (a) : 152. As per IS 456:2000, the design bond stress bd
Grade of concrete cmax (in MPa) in limit state method for bars is tension for
M20 2.8 M40 grade of concrete is _____.
M25 3.1 (a) 1.2 N/mm2 (b) 1.7 N/mm2
2
M30 3.5 (c) 1.5 N/mm (d) 1.9 N/mm2
M35 3.7 SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning)
M40 4.0 SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 362 YCT
 Ans. (d) : According to IS 456 : 2000, the design dimensions. Shear strength of reinforcement depends on
bond stress in the limit state method for plain bars in the cross sectional area and spacing of shear stirrups.
the tension shall be as : Design codes specify minimum and maximum shear
Grade of M20 M25 M30 M35 M reinforcement to prevent brittle shear failure due to low
concrete 40 shear reinforcement and excessive shear cracking due to
and high stress in the stirrups in the case of high shear
abov forces and relatively small concrete sections.
e 155. Consider the following conditions.
Design 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1. Concentrated loads are placed near beam
bond supports.
stress (bd 2. The depth of beam section is small, and the
in beam is loaded uniformly. The design of a
N/mm2) beam is governed by shear under which of the
following conditions?
Note– (a) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) 2 only
• For deformed bars, these value shall be increase by (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) 1 only
60%.
SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
• For bars in compression, these value of bond stress
for bars in tension shall be increased by 25%. Ans. (c) : Shear determines design of beam when depth
of beam section is small and loaded uniformly, when
153. The value of average bond stress bd depends large concentrated loads are placed near beam support,
on_________. when two members are rigidly connected together. With
(a) Steel strength and Area of bar their webs lying in same plane, when web thickness is
(b) Concrete strength and Area of bar small in plate girders.
(c) Concrete strength and Steel strength 156. Calculate the hook length of the bar in one side
(d) Concrete strength and type of bar with a diameter of 16 mm.
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning) (a) 100 mm (b) 120 mm
Ans. (d) : Design bond stress–Bond stress is the (c) 166 mm (d) 144 mm
result of the bonding between the concrete surface SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
and the reinforcement steel. Ans. (d) : Given,
• It varies depending upon the concrete and types of Diameter = 16 mm
reinforcement. Hook length of bar in one side = 9D
• It plane rounded steel is used as reinforcement then = 9 × 16 = 144 mm
the bond stress will be less, if the same concrete is 157. According to IS 456:2000, The value of design
used with HYSD steel as reinforcement then the bond bond stress in limit state method for plain bars
stress is higher. in tension depends on the:
• The bond between steel and concrete is mainly due (a) none of the given option
to pure adhesion resistance, frictional resistance, and (b) grade of the steel
mechanical resistance.
(c) grade of the concrete
• According to IS 456: 2000 the design bond stress in
(d) length of the bar
limit state method for plain bars in tension–
SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
Grade of M20 M25 M30 M35 M40
concrete and Ans. (c) : Bond stress–Bond stress depends upon the
above type of concrete (grade of concrete) and type of
reinforcement.
Design bond 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 • The bond between steel and concrete mainly due to
stress pure adhesive resistance, frictional resistance and
(N/mm2) mechanical resistance.
Note– As per IS 456-2000 - Design bond stress in LSM–
(1) For deformed bar, these values shall be increased Grade of M20 M25 M30 M35 M40
by 60%. concrete and
(2) For bars in compression, the values of bond stress abov
for bars in tension shall be increased by 25%. e
154. The shear strength of an RCC beam depends Design 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9
on which of the following factors? bond stress
(a) The type of cement (N/mm2)
(b) The grade of the concrete 158. According to IS 456: 2000, The expression for
(c) The zone of fine aggregate equivalent shear is given by____________
(d) The grade of the steel Where
SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning) VU = Factored Shear
Ans. (b) : Shear reinforcement–Shear strength VE = Equivalent shear
assigned to concrete depends on many factors including TU = Factored Torsional moment
concrete compressive strength and sectional b = breadth of the beam
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 363 YCT
 (a) Ve = Vu –1.6 Tu/b (b) Ve = Vu + Tu/b 161. For 45-degree cranked or bend up bar, the
(c) Ve = Vu +1.6 Tu /b (d) Ve = Vu + 1.6 b/Tu inclined length of crank is equal to:
SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I (a) d (b) 2d
Ans. (c) : According to IS-456:2000– (c) d/2 (d) 1.42 d
Equivalent shear Force- SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
T Ans. (d) :
Ve  Vu  1.6 u
b
Where,
Ve = Equivalent shear
Vu = Factored shear
Tu = Factored Torsional moment Inclined length of cranked bar is equal to:-
b = Breadth of the beam d
L=  1.42d
159. Calculate the development length in terms of sin 45
bar diameter for tensile reinforcing bar of Were
grade Fe 415, if design bond stress bd for M25 d- depth of beam
grade concrete is 1.4 N/mm2.
162. According to IS 456, the anchorage value of a
(a) 47 (b) 40
standard U-type hook shall be equal to X times
(c) 37 (d) 50 the diameter of the bar, where X is:
SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I (a) 12 (b) 20
Ans. (b) : Given, (c) 8 (d) 16
Design bond stress bd = 1.4 N/mm2 SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
Grade of concrete = M20 Ans. (d) : As per Clause 26.2.2.1 of IS: 456 – 2000,
Grade of steel = Fe 415 the anchorage value of a standard U-type hook shall
According to IS : 456 : 2000 be equal to 16 times. the diameter of the bar.
Development length (Ld) Bend 45º 4
90º 8
0.87f y 
Ld  Hooks 135º 12
4 bd U-type Hook (180º) 16
0.87  415 Where–  – diameter of bar.
Ld 
4  1.4  1.6 163. For deformed bars conforming to IS 1786, the
(For HYSDbar bd 60% increase) design bond stress in limit state method shall
Ld = 40.29 be:
Ld  40 (a) Increased by 60% (b) Increased by 20%
(c) Decreased by 20% (d) Increased by 40%
160. The value of maximum shear force in a SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
rectangular section of a beam having depth SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I
150 mm is 50 kN. Calculate the width of the Ans. (a) Design bond stresses for deformed bars in
beam section if the permissible maximum tension– For deformed bar conforming to IS 1786 these
shear stress of material is 5 MPa. values shall be increased by 60%.
(a) 100 mm Design bond stress for bars in compression– For bars
(b) 66.67 mm in compression, the values of bond stress shall be
(c) 200 mm increased by 25%. Of tension bond stress.
(d) Cannot be predicted using the given data Design bond stress for plain bars in tension (IS 456 :
SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I 2000).
Ans. (a) : Given, Grade of Concrete Design Bond stress
Maximum shear force, Vmax = 50 kN τbd (N/mm2)
Depth, d = 150 mm M20 1.2
Width, b = ? M25 1.4
M30 1.5
Maximum shear stress, max = 5 M Pa = 5 N/mm 2
M35 1.7
3 M40 and above 1.9
Maximum shear stress,  max  avg
2 164. If design bond stress = 1.5 N/mm2 is assumed,
V then the development length of an Fe 500
where, avg  HYSD bar of nominal diameter 12 mm – which
bd
is fully stressed in tension – will be:
3 50  10 3
=  (a) 798 mm (b) 544 mm
2 b  150 (c) 634 mm (d) 246 mm
b = 100mm SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Morning)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 364 YCT
Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (b) : Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement–
Design bond stress τbd = 1.5 N/mm2, The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured
dia of bar  = 12 mm and fy = 500 N/mm2 along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for
For HYSD bar τbd = 1.6 × 1.5 = 2.4 N/mm2 vertical stirrups and d for inclined stirrups at 45º, where
0.87f y  (d) is the effective depth of the section under
Due to tension development length (L D )  consideration. In no case shall the spacing exceed 300 mm.
4 bd
169. The total length of bar having hook at both the
0.87  500  12 ends is :
LD 
4  2.4 (a) L + 9D (b) L + 24D
L D  543.75  544 mm (c) L + 18D (d) L + 12D
SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
165. The maximum shear stress for M30 concrete Ans. (c) The length of one hook may be taken as 9D
grade– and the length is taken as L+18D, as show in figure-
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.8
(c) 3.5 (d) 4
SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening)
Ans. (c) : The maximum shear stress for M30
concrete grade 3.5.
 According to IS 456–2000 for every 450 bend the
M 15 20 25 30 35 40 or
above anchorage length will increases by 4 ϕ.
LSM 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 170. Development length is inversely proportional to:
WSM 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 (a) shear stress (b) design bond stress
166. For a 30 degree cranked or bend up bar, the (c) bending stress (d) stress in bar
inclined length of the crank is equal to: SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
(a) 1.73d (b) d/2 Ans. (b)
(c) d (d) 2d  The development length is defined as that length of
SSC JE 2019 (Evening) embedment necessary to develop the full tensile
Ans. (d) : Inclined length of cranked bar is equal to- strength of the bar, controlled by either pullout or
d splitting.
sin 30 
0

x  Development length is inversely proportional to

d design bond stress.
x  2d
1/ 2

167. Spacing of stirrups in a rectangular beam, is...

(a) increased towards the centre of the span of
the beam
(b) Decreased towards the centre of the span of τbd = Average permissible bond stress in concrete
the beam
st = Working stress in bar
(c) Increased at the ends
(d) Either b or c P = Pull on bar
SSC JE 2019 (Evening) Bond resistance of concrete = strength of bar in tension
SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift 
τbd × ϕ × Ld = st  2
Ans. (a) : Shear reinforcement shall be provided in any 4
of the following forms–   
 Vertical stirrups   Ld  st  Working Stress Method
 4bd 
 The bent-up bar along with stirrups
 Inclined stirrups    0.87f y 
  Ld 
4bd 
 Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry a shear Limit Stress Method
force equal to (Vu – c.bd). 
Note– As shear strength requirement is more at the 1
supports than centre, the spacing of stirrups increases So, Ld  bd Inversely Proportional to Design bond stress.
towards the centre of the beam.
168. The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement Ld  st  Directly Proportional to working stress.
should not exceed 0.75 d subject to a minimum 171. For M 15 mix concrete, according to I.S.
of specifications local bond stress is–
(a) 350 mm (b) 300 mm (a) 15 kg/cm2 (b) 10 kg/cm2
2
(c) 400 mm (d) 380 mm (c) 20 kg/cm (d) 5 kg/cm2
SSC JE 2019 Morning SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 365 YCT
 Ans. (d) : Permissible stresses in concrete in case of deformed bar
according to IS 456 : 2000, Table 21. Ratio of bond stress =
in case of plain bar
Permissible stress in
Grade of concrete Bond (Average) for 1.60 bd
= = 1.60  1.66
plain bars in tension bd
N/mm2 Kg/cm2 N/mm2 Kg/cm2 The values specified for 'bd' (desigh bond stress), As
bd bd per Clause 26.2.1.1 of IS 456:2000 are 1.2 MPa, 1.4
M 10 M100 – - MPa, 1.5 MPa, 1.7 MPa and 1.9 MPa for the concrete
M 15 M150 0.6 6 grades M–20, M–25, M–30, M–35 & M–40 and above
M 20 M200 0.8 8 respectively.
M 25 M250 0.9 9 For plain bar in tension, with an increase of 60% for
M 30 M300 1.0 10 deformed bars in tension. And further a increase of 25%
M 35 M350 1.1 11 for bars in compression.
M 40 M400 1.2 12  i.e, the ratio of allowable bond stress is deformed bar
172. The properly bent up and hooked bar resisting to that of plain bar is 1.6.
diagonal tension is beams is shown in which of 175. The correct hook for mild steel reinforcement
the following figures? bars, according to specifications is shown in
(1) (2) which of the following figures?
(3)
(a) (1) (b) (2)
(c) (3) (d) None of these
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (b) Option (b) is correct as the arrangement fig.-b
gives the best performance on resisting diagonal
tension.
 Diagonal tensions are responsible for the shear
failures of beam & to avoid the shear failure, shear
reinforcements are given by means of– (a) (1) (b) (2)
(1) Vertical shear reinforcement (c) (3) (d) (4)
(2) Inclined shear reinforcement SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
(3) Bent-up bars with vertical stirrups Ans. (a) The bend is turned around 1800 (anchorage
173. If the average bending stress is 6 kg/cm2 for M-
value = 16) and extended beyond by 4, it is called a
150 grade concrete, the length of embedment of
standard U-type hook.
a bar of diameter d according to I.S. 456 Hooks shall conform to IS 2502. Hooks should
specifications is normally be provided for plain bars in tension.
(a) 28 d (b) 38 d 176. If Sb is the average bond stress on a bar of
(c) 48 d (d) 58 d diameter d subjected to maximum stress t, the
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) length of the embedment L is given by
Ans. (d) : For M-150 grade the average bending stress dt dt
is 6kg/cm2 (bd) (a) L  (b) L 
Sb (2Sb )
[bd = 0.6N/mm2]
dt dt
∵ For Fe – 250 the permissible stress in steel (c) L  (d) L 
reinforcement (σst) = 140 N/mm2 (3Sb ) (4Sb )
 d SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
Development Length (Ld) = st Ans. (d) Length of embedment is simply the
4bd
development length (Ld). The development length is the
140  d quantity of rebar length that is actually required to be
Ld 
4  0.6 enclosed into the concrete to make the desired bond
strength between two materials.
Ld  58d
Sb  avg bond stress
174. The ratio of the allowable bond stress in d  diameter of bar
deformed bars to that of plain bars is t  tensile stress of reinforcement
(a) 1.15 (b) 1.40
d.t
(c) 1.66 (d) 1.20 then development length  Ld  
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning) 4s b
st 177. Dimensions of a beam (M 20) need be changed
Ans. (c) : Bond stress   bd   in plain bar if the shear stress is more than
4 Ld
(a) 5 kg/cm2 (b) 10 kg/cm2
st 2
(d) 20 kg/cm2
1.60  bd  is deformed bar (c) 15 kg/cm
4L d SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 366 YCT
Ans. (d) : As per clause number 40.2.3 of IS 456:2000 (c) The bending stress at the outer fibers, is
under no circumstances, even with shear reinforcement known as principal stress
the nominal shear stress in beams, should be not exceed (d) All of these
maximum shear stress. SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift
Now ,  max  0.63 f ck in N/mm2 Ans. (d) :  The bending stress in a section is zero at
its neutral axis and maximum at the outer fibers.
So, for M20 grade of concrete -
 The shear stress is zero at the outer fibers and
cmax  0.63 20 N/mm2 maximum at the neutral axis.
c max  2.81N / mm 2  2N / mm 2 or 20kg/cm2  The bending stress at the outer fibers, is known as
principal stress
178. The length of the straight portion of a bar
beyond the end of the hook, should be at least
(a) twice the diameter
(b) thrice the diameter
(c) four times the diameter
(d) None of these
SSC JE 2008
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift
Ans. (c) : As per IS 456 (Clause 26.2.2.2) at
when bar is bent through an angle of 1800 round a bar of
at least own dia, and it continued beyond the end of the 182. Steel bars are generally connected together to
curve for the length of atleast four diameter (4d). get greater length than the standard length by
providing
(a) straight bar splice
(b) hooked splice
(c) dowel splice
(d) All option are correct
179. The length of lap in tension reinforcement SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift
should not be less than the bar diameter × Ans. (d) : Steel bars are generally connected together to
(actual tension)/(four times the permissible get greater length than the standard length by providing
average bond stress) if it is more than straight bar splice, hooked splice and dowel splice.
(a) 18 mm diameters (b) 24 m diameters
(c) 30 mm diameters (d) 36 mm diameters 183. The maximum shear stress (q) in concrete of a
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift reinforced cement concrete beam is:
(a) shear force/(Lever arm  Width)
Ans. (c) AS per clause 26.2.5.1 of IS 456:2000 -
The Lap length including anchorage value of hooks for (b) Lever arm/(Shear force  Width)
bars in flexural tension shall be Ld or 30 whichever is (c) Width/(Lever arm  shear force)
greater (d) None of these
SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am
For bar under compression Lap length  24.
Ans. (a) The maximum shear stress (q) in concrete of a
180. When hooks are formed in deformed bars, the reinforced cement concrete beam is
internal radius of the bend should be atleast shear force V
_______ times the diameter of the bar. = 
(a) 2 (b) 3 (Lever arm)  width  jd  B
(c) 4 (d) 6 V
SSC JE 23.01.2018 Morning Shift 
Ans. (c) : When hooks are formed in deformed bars, the Bjd
internal radius of the bend should be atleast 4 times the V  Shear force
diameter of the bar. B  Width
j  Lever arm factor
184. Minimum spacing between horizontal parallel
reinforcement of the same size should not be
less than
(a) one diameter (b) 2.5 diameters
(c) 3 diameters (d) 3.5 diameters
Where, k = 2 mild steel, k = 4 HYSD bar SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am
When hooks are formed, the internal radius of bend Ans. (a) The minimum spacing between horizontal
should be atleast four times he diameter of bar. parallel reinforcements of the same size should not be
181. Pick up the correct statement from the less than one diameter or bars use different diameter,
following: should not be less than one dia of thicker bar.
(a) The bending stress in a section is zero at its  However, when a compaction takes place, the
neutral axis and maximum at the outer fibers minimum horizontal spacing is the diameter of the
(b) The shear stress is zero at the outer fibers and larger bar or 5mm more than the maximum size of
maximum at the neutral axis the coarse aggregate.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 367 YCT

185. For a bar in tension, a standard hook has an  The bending of bars near support is generally at 450.
anchorage equivalent to a straight length of :  Minimum shear reinforcement–
(a) 8  (b) 12  0.87 f y  A sv
(c) 16  (d) 20  Sv  
(e) 24  0.4  b
SSC JE 27.01.2018  Spacing of shear reinforcement–
SSC JE 2011 (Evening) 2.175fy  Asv
(i) Sv 
Ans. (c) : Anchorage values as per IS code 456 : 2000 b
clause number 26.2.2.1– (ii) 300 mm or 0.75 d
Bend and hooks– 189. The design shear stress in reinforced cement
 The anchorage value of bend shall be taken as 4 times concrete depends on–
and the diameter of the bar for each 450 bend subjected A. Characteristic strength of concrete
to maximum of 16 times of diameter of bar. B. Percentage of longitudinal tensile
 The anchorage value of standard U-type hook shall be reinforcement
equal to 16 times of diameter of bar. C. Characteristic strength of steel
186. Diagonal tension in a beam (a) Only A (b) Only B
(a) is maximum at neutral axis (c) Only C (d) Both A and B
(b) increases below the neutral axis and decreases SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
above the neutral axis Ans. (d) The design shear stress in reinforced cement
(c) decreases below the neutral axis and increases concrete depends on–
above the neutral axis  Characteristic strength of concrete
(d) remain same throughout the section  Percentage of longitudinal tensile.
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift 190. The minimum percentage of shear
Ans. (b) Diagonal tension : The tension which is reinforcement in R.C.C. beams is................
caused in the tensile zone of the beam the to shear, at or (a) 0.85/fy (b) 0.4
near the supports is called as diagonal tension which is (c) 4 (d) 40Sv/fyd
caused by shear. SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
 Shear reinforcement is provided in the RCC beams to Ans. (d) The minimum percentage of shear
take up diagonal tension and prevent cracking of beam. reinforcement in RCC beam is –
 Diagonal tension in a beam is increases below the
0.4bSv
neutral axis and decreases above the neutral axis. Asv 
187. The bond strength between steel reinforcement 0.87 Fy
and concrete is affected by .............. 40Sv
A. Steel properties Or A sv 
B. Concrete properties f yd
C. Shrinkage of concrete Where,
The correct answer is Asv = total cross - sectional area of stirruplegs effective
(a) A and B (b) B and C in shear.
(c) A and C (d) A, B and C Sv = stirrups spacing along the length of the number.
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening) b = breadth of the beam
Ans. (d) Bond strength – A perfect bond, existing fy = characteristic strength of the stirrup reinforcement
between concrete and steel reinforcement is one of the in N/mm2.
fundamental assumptions of reinforced concrete. Which shall not be taken greater than 415 N/mm2.
 Bond strength arise primarily from the friction and 191. Pick up the incorrect statement from the
adhesion between concrete and steel. following:
 Bond strength depend on Tensile reinforcement bars of a rectangular
– Steel properties beam .........
– concrete properties (a) are curtailed if not required to resist the
– Shrinkage of concrete bending moment
188. Pick up the correct statement from the (b) are bent up at suitable places to serve as shear
following reinforcement
(a) The bent up bars at a support resist the (c) are bent down at suitable places to serve as
negative bending shear reinforcement
(b) The bent up bars at a support resist the (d) are maintained at bottom to provide at least
shearing force local bond stress
(c) The bending of bars near supports is SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
generally at 45 degree Ans. (c) Bent up bars is also used along with stirrups
(d) All options are correct in the post to carry some of the applied shear force.
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Morning Shift  In the case where all the tensile reinforcement is not
Ans. (d) Bent up bar – It is resist at a support the needed to resist bending moment, some of the tensile
negative bending moment. bars were bent up in the reason of high shear to form
 The bent up bar at a support resist the shear force. the inclined legs of shear reinforcement.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 368 YCT

  Tension resist flexure failure and therefore, bars 194. The allowable tensile stress in high yield
must be curtailed from the point where is no need to strength deformed steel stirrups used in
resist bending moment. reinforced cement concrete is (in N/mm2)
For Ex, in the simply supported beam since the moment ..............
is nearly zero at the ends and the tension stresses also (a) 140 (b) 190
reduces so the tension bars are curtailed. (c) 230 (d) 260
192. Which one of the following statements is correct? SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
(a) Shear cracks start due to high diagonal Ans. (c) fy  Characteristic strength of the stirrups
tension in case of beam with their webs and reinforcement in N/mm2.
high prestressing force which shall not be taken greater than 415 N/mm2
(b) Shear design for a prestressed concrete beam  f y  415 N / mm 2
is based on elastic theory
(c) In the zone where bending moment is yield stress 415
Allowable tensile stress = 
dominant and shear is insignificant, cracks F.O.S. 1.8
occur at 200 to 300 Or
(d) After diagonal cracking, the mechanics of Allowable tensile stress = 0.55 fy
shear transfer in a prestressed concete = 0.55  415
member is very much different from that in = 228.415
reinforced concrete members.  230 N/mm2
SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift 195. The bond strength between steel and concrete
Ans. (b) In shear design for a prestressed concrete beam is due to
is based on elastic theory. (a) Friction
 In case of prestress concrete very high strain steel (b) Adhesion
and high strain concrete is used. (c) Both friction and adhesion
 It's designing based on working stress method both (d) None of the above
concrete and steel behave elastically and hook's law SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
is valid. Ans. (c) : The bond strength between steel and concrete
193. The length of the lap in a compression member is due to both friction and adhesion.
is kept greater than [bar diameter ×  The bond strength of concrete depends on chemical
(Permissible stress in bar)/(Five times the bond adhesion, frictional resistance and mechanical resistance.
stress)] or is ............  If grade of concrete increase then friction between
(a) 12 bar diameters (b) 18 bar diameters concrete and steel increases.
(c) 24 bar diameters (d) 30 bar diameters 196. If a beam fails in bond, then its bond strength
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift can be increased most economically by:
Ans. (c) The lap length in compression shall be equal (a) Increasing the depth of beam.
to the development length in compression, can not less (b) Using thinner bars but more in number.
than 24 (Clause 26.2.5.1 of IS 456) (c) Using thicker bars but less in number.
 The bond strength for different grades of concrete (d) None of the above
by different design provisions are as follows : SSC JE 2011 (Morning)
Grade M 15 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40 SSC JE 2009
WSM 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ans. : (b) If a beam is fails in bond then bond strength
LSM – 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 can be increased by using thinner bar but more in
In (N/mm2) numbers.
These value bond stress is for plain bar in tension. Nominal shear stress– IS code recommends the use of
 The value of bond stress is increased by 60% when nominal shear-stress forces structural. The nominal
deformed bars are used. shear stress in beams or slabs of uniform depth is
 The value of bond stress is increased by 25% when calculated as.
the bar is in compression. v
So, the development length for compression (Ld) = v  u
bd
(Diameter  permissible stress in bar) / (1.25 4)  bd Where,
Ld 
 Diameter  Permissible stress in bar  vu = Shear force due to design loads
5  bd b = Width of beam or slab
d = Effective depth.
Note – 1. The top length in compression shall be equal
to the development length in compression, calculated Shear stress for slab is very low since b is large.
as described above but not less than 24d. Therefore no shear reinforcement is provided in slabs
2. When bars of two different diameters are to be except that the alternate bar are bent up near the
spliced, the lap length shall be calculated on the basis supports.
of diameter of the smaller bar. Bond stress (bd) – Bond stress is the shear developed
3. When splicing of welded wire fabric is to be carried along the contact surface between the reinforcing steel
out, lap splices of wires shall be made so that overtop and the surrounding concrete which prevents the bar
measured between the extreme cross wires shall be not from slipping out of concrete. It depends upon grade of
less than the spacing of cross wires plus 100 mm. concrete & type of steel only.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 369 YCT
197. The bond strength of concrete increases with: 200. When HYSD bars are used in place of mild
(a) The quantity of steel steel bars, the bond strength
(b) The tensile strength of steel (a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) The grade of concrete (c) Does not change (d) Become zero
(d) The quantity of concrete SSC JE 2007
SSC JE 2011 (Morning ) Ans. : (a) The HYSD bars have better bond with
Ans. (c) The bond strength of concrete directly depend concrete due to corrugations or ribs on the surface of the
on its compressive strength. So, bond strength of bars. As per IS 456:2000, the bond strength of HYSD
concrete increases with the grade of concrete. bars is 60 percent greater than the plain mild steel bars.
198. Tension bars in a cantilever beam must be 201. The shear capacity of an RCC beam without
anchored in the support up to shear reinforcement is
(a) Ld (b) Ld / 3 (a) cbd (b) vbd
(c) 12 (d) d (c) cbd2 (d) vbd2
SSC JE 2010 SSC JE 2007
SSC JE 2007 Ans. : (a) Shear in the RCC beam without shear
reinforcement cause cracks on the inclined plain near
Ans. : (a) ●Tension bars in a cantilever beam must be the support.
anchored in the support up to Ld. According to-
Vs = V – cbd
V  v .bd
 Shear capacity without shear is only c
i.e, due to concrete and main reinforcement Vc  c bd
Where,
c = permissible shear stress in beam
●Tension bars in a simply supported beam must be V = normal shear stress
anchored in the support up to Ld/3. V = Designed shear force due to ultimate load
●Tension bars in a continious beam must be anchored
202. Diagonal tension reinforcement is provided in a
in the support up to Ld/4. beam as:
199. When nominal shear stress in a reinforced (a) Longitudinal bars
concrete section exceeds shear strength of (b) Bent up bars
concrete, shear reinforcement shall be (c) Helical reinforcement
provided in the form of– (d) 900 bend at the bends of main bars
(a) Bent up bars and stirrups SSC JE 2007, ESE 2004
(b) Vertical or Inclined stirrups Ans. (b) This tension which is caused in the tensile
(c) Either (a) or (b) zone of the beam due to shear, at or near the supports is
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) called as diagonal tension which is caused by shear,
SSC JE 2010 cannot be resisted by concrete alone. So shear
Ans. (c) : The nominal shear stress in a reinforced reinforcement is provided in the R.C.C. beams to take
concrete section exceeds shear strength of concrete, up diagonal tension and prevent cracking of beam.
shear reinforcement shall be provided in the form of–  Diagonal tension reinforcement is provided as Bent up
• Bent up bars and stirrups bars.
• vertical or inclined stirrups
Bent up bars– 5. Torsion
203. Torsion resisting capacity of a given reinforced
concrete section..................
(a) Decreases with decrease in stirrup spacing
(b) Decreases with increase in longitudinal bars
(c) Does not depend upon stirrup and
 These are the main tensile reinforcement bend at longitudinal steels
appropriate location and it is always provided in (d) Increases with the increases in stirrups and
combination with vertical stirrups. longitudinal steels
 When bent up bars are provided, their shear resistance SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
contribution should not be more than 50% of the total Ans. (d) The amount of torsion a member depends upon
shear to be resisted through shear reinforcement. the magnitude of the tensional stiffness of the member
0.87f y A sv d itself in relation to the stiffness of the interconnection
 For vertical stirrups, Vus = members. In reinforced concrete structures, stiffness
Sv decreases considerably after the formation of cracks if
 For inclined stirrups or a series of bars bent up at the continuity at the joint are not cracks if the continuity
different cross-sections : at the joint are not considered in the design.
0.87f y A sv d  The presence of reinforcement in the form of
Vus   sin   cos   longitudinal and transverse steel increases the torsional
Sv moment carrying capacity of beam.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 370 YCT
 207. Side face reinforcement is PROVIDED in a
6. Slab, Beam, Lintel beam when the depth of the web exceeds _____
mm.
204. Which of the following is a purpose served by (a) 250 (b) 150
lintel? (c) 750 (d) 300
(a) To join the column at sill level SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning)
(b) To support the wall above the opening SSC JE 2011 (Morning)
(c) To join the foundation Ans. (c) : When the overall depth of beam becomes
(d) To support the slab more than 750 mm, side face reinforcement shall be
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) provided along the two faces of the beam section, to
Ans. (b) : A lintel is one type of beam which used to take into consideration the crack width limitation and
support the above wall when openings like doors, lateral buckling of the web in beam.
windows etc. The main function of the lintel is to take  Side face reinforcement shall not be less than 0.1% of
loads coming from above wall and transfer its load to the web area and shall be distributed equally in two
the side walls. faces at a spacing not exceeding 300mm or web
Following are the purposes of lintel beams– thickness whichever is less.
• to support the walls above the openings like doors, 208. What is the minimum value of effective depth
windows. of a cantilever RCC beam of span 7 m to satisfy
• to provide a safeguard of the windows and doors. the vertical deflection limit as per IS 456-2000?
• to transfer its load to the side walls. (a) 500 mm (b) 1000 mm
205. The absence of a bond between reinforcing (c) 269.2 mm (d) 350 mm
steel and surrounding concrete in a RCC beam SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning)
will result in. Ans. (b) : Given,
(a) linear variation of axial stress in a straight Span of cantilever = 7 m
bar. Depth of beam = ?
(b) parabolic variation of axial stress in a straight We know,
bar. Span/depth ratio for vertical deflection limit is 7.
(c) constant stress at all points in a straight bar. Span/depth = 7
(d) zero axial stress at all points in a straight bar 7000/depth = 7
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening) depth = 7000/7
Ans. (c) : Bond between steel and concrete–The term depth = 1000 mm
bond refers to the adhesion between concrete and steel
which resist the slipping of steel bar from the concrete. 209. For an 8 m simply supported RCC beam, the
vertical deflection limits may generally be
 The bond resistance in reinforced concrete is assumed to be satisfied provided that the span
obtained by following mechanism– to depth ratios are NOT greater than:
• Chemical adhesion (a) 7 (b) 26
• Frictional resistance (c) 20 (d) 32
• Gripping action SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I
• Mechanical interlock. Ans. (c) :
 In the absence of bond, the reinforcing bar in
concrete is just like a string only wherein the stress is Type of structure Span by depth ratio
the constant at all points on the string or constant stress (a) Beams
at all points in like a straight bar. (i) Simply supported Beam 20
206. According to IS 456:2000, for a cantilever (ii) Continuous Beam 26
beam the effective length of the cantilever shall (iii) Cantilever Beam 7
be taken as.
(b) Slabs
(a) clear span of the beam + half the effective
depth (i) One way Slab 30
(b) clear span of the beam + half the width of the (ii) Two way Slab 35
support (iii) Continuous Slab (Mild 40
(c) clear span of the beam + width of the support steel)
(d) clear span of the beam + effective depth (iv) Cantilever Slab 12
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning) 210. Identify the correct expression with respect to
Ans. (a) : According to IS 456:2000, effective length– depth of beam in RC structures.
(1) Cantilever–The effective length of a cantilever Where
beam shall be taken as its length to the face of support D = Overally depth of beam
(clear span) plus half the effective depth of the beam. d = Effective depth of beam
d' = Effective cover
or (a) D = d – d' (b) D = 2d
• The clear span plus half the width of the discontinuous (c) D = 3d (d) D = d + d'
support, whichever is less. SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 371 YCT
Ans. (d) (a) 1.5 and 2 (b) 2 and 2.5
(c) 2.5 and 3 (d) 2.5 and 2
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon)
Ans. (b) : According to IS 456 : 2000, the ratio of
effective span to overall depth of beam, for the
consideration of a beam as deep beam, in the case of
simply supported and continuous reinforced concrete
beams, respectively, are 2 and 2.5.
214. The design value of limiting span to effective
D = over all depth depth ratio for deflection control of a beam is
independent of:
d = Effective depth
(a) span of the beam
d' = Effective cover
(b) area of compression reinforcement
n = critical neutral axis
(c) service stress in tension reinforcement
Over all depth 'D' = Effective depth + Effective cover (d) creep and shrinkage
D = d + d'
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Morning)
211. In the design of a cantilever beam, main steel Ans. (d) : The design value of limiting span to
reinforcement is provided along ______ face of effective depth ratio for deflection of a beam is
the beam. independent of creep and shrinkage.
(a) tension (b) side The design value of limiting span to effective depth of
(c) central (d) compression deflection control is dependent on span of the beam,
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I area and stress of steel for tension reinforcement.
Ans. (a) : In the case of cantilever beam,– the top fibers  span 
above the neutral axis are subjected to tensile stresses. Note–If span  10 m, then  
So main steel reinforcement is provided above the  effective depth 
neutral axis. Cantilever – 7
Simply supported beam – 20
Continuous beam = 26
215. The minimum tension reinforcement (Fe 500)
in the beam of size 450 mm × 600 mm (effective
depth = 550 mm) is:
212. Read the given statements and select the (a) 420 mm2 (b) 500 mm2
2
correct option. (c) 580 mm (d) 520 mm2
Statements : SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Morning)
A : Rectangular slabs which are supported on two Ans. (a) : Given,
opposite sides by unyielding supports and are Size of beam = 450  600 mm
uniformly loaded along the direction parallel to Effective depth = 550 mm
the supports are one-way slabs. fy = 500
B : Twisting moments develop in addition to 0.85bd 0.85  450  550
bending moments in the case of two-way slabs, A st  min   
fy 500
except when the element is oriented along the
2
principal curvatures. Ast min  420.75  420mm
 
(a) Both statements A and B are incorrect
(b) Both statements A and B are correct 216. Which of the following is true about depth
(c) Statement A is correct and statement B is requirement of beam considering deflection
incorrect control criteria for same span and loading?
(d) Statement A is incorrect and statement B is (a) Depth required for simply supported beam <
correct Continuous beam > Cantilever beam
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon) (b) Depth required for Cantilever beam > Simply
Ans. (b) : Rectangular slabs which are supported on supported beam > Continuous beam
two opposite sides by unyielding supports and are (c) Depth required for simply supported beam <
uniformly loaded along the direction parallel to the Cantilever beam < Continuous beam
supports are one-way slabs. (d) Depth required for simply supported beam >
 In general, twisting moment develop in addition to Cantilever beam > Continuous beam
bending moments in two-way slab element is oriented SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning)
along the principal curvature. These twisting Ans. (b) : Deflection of beam is controlled by span to
moments can become significant at points along the effective depth ration.
slab diagonals.
 Span 
213. According to IS 456 : 2000, the ratio of effective Beam  
span to overall depth of beam, for the  effective depth 
consideration of a beam as deep beam, in the Cantilever beam 7
case of simply supported and continuous Simply supported beam 20
reinforced concrete beams, respectively, are : Continuous beam 26
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 372 YCT
 These values are valid only up to span = 10 m. For Ans. (c) : General design features of commonly used
deflection control criteria, the depth required for cantilever stair slabs-tread slab–The tread slab are structurally
beam > Simply supported beam > Continuous beam, independent units and are designed simply as one-way
provided that the loading and span is same. slab.
217. In case of one-way continuous slab, maximum If the tread slab for strain widths less than two (2) is
bending moment will be at: simply supported, the thickness required is generally
(a) interior support other than next to end support minimum.
(b) end support  A slab thickness of 80 mm is usually provided, with
(c) a support next to end support
(d) mid of end span minimum reinforcement comprising at least 3-8 mm 
SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning) bars, the distribution bar may be of 6 mm , with a
Ans. (c) : nominal spacing of 250 mm.

220. A reinforced cement concrete beam, having

vertical distance between the centre of upper
and lower arms of the bent-up bar equal to 20
cm, width 15 cm and a span length of 10 m, is
MOMENT COEFFICIENT to be casted. What is the length of a single
At support Next to the end support longitudinal reinforcement bar required if the
1 1 9  10 19 bar is cranked by 45° at both ends? (nearest to
    decimal value)
10 9 90 90
So option (c) is correct (a) 10.17 m (b) 9.83 m
218. Select the INCORRECT statement from the (c) 10.11 m (d) 9.89 m
following with respect to a two-way slab. SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening)
(a) The total load is carried in two directions Ans. (a) :
jointly by slab and its supporting beams.
(b) The ratio of negative to positive moments is
2.5 for fixed ended condition.
(c) The advantage of a two-way slab is that it can
be reinforced more effectively to resists
torsion and shear.
(d) The two-way slab carries less than 50% of the Length of bend bar  20 2 cm
 
load in each direction and the remainder is
carried by the supporting beams and the at end length of bar cause by bend  20 2  20 cm

columns.
SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening) = 8.28 cm 2  1.141
Ans. (b) : Two way slab–The rectangular slabs 8.28
supported on two adjacent three or four edges, and with Both end, length of bar  10  2 
the ratio of longer to shorter span less than two, which 100
carry the load by flexure in two perpendicular directions. = 10.165
10.17
Longer span (l )
2 221. Bending moment coefficients for slabs
Shorter span(b) spanning in two directions at right angle and
 In two way slab the main reinforcement is provided simply supported on all four sides are given in
in both directions. the table.
 It two way slab, the crank is provided in four αx
directions. 0.062 0.074 0.084
 It can be reinforced more effectively to resists α y 0.062 0.061 0.059
torsion and shear L y /L x 1.0 1.1 1.2
 It carries less than 50% of the load in each direction
and the remainder is carried by the supporting If effective longer and shorter span of the slab
beams and the columns. are 4.4 m and 4 m respectively and factored
2
219. In an RCC stair case design, the tread slabs are load acting is 8 kN/m ,
structurally independent units and designed (a) 9.47 kN/-m and 12.72 kN-m
simple as: (b) 11.46 kN-m and 8.45 kN-m
(a) flat slab (b) beams (c) 11.46 kN-m and 9.47 kN-m
(c) one-way slab (d) two-way slab (d) 9.47 kN-m and 7.81 kN-m
SSC JE Civil 28.10.2020 (Evening) SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 373 YCT
Ans. (d) : We know– So, Minimum and Maximum area of tension steel
Mx = xWlx2 requirement in beams are–
My = y wly2   Ast  min 0.85  Ast  max 
Given,   ,  0.04
l y 4.4  bd fy bD 
  1.1 223. For thin slabs and walls, the maximum size of
lx 4
coarse aggregates should be limited to ____ the
lx = Shorter span
thickness of the concrete section.
ly = Longer span
(a) one-third (b) three fourth
ly (c) two-third (d) one-fourth
For,  1.1 , x = 0.074, y = 0.061 and
lx SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Evening)
w = 8 kN/m2 Ans. (d) : The material which is retained on 4.75 mm
Mx = 0.074 × 8 × (4)2 size B.S test sieve is termed as a coarse aggregate.
Mx = 9.472 kN-m  M x  9.47kN  m Broken stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate.
Note–For thin slab and walls, the maximum size of
and, coarse aggregate should be limited to one-fourth the
My = 0.061 × 8 × (4)2 thickness of the concrete section.
My = 7.808 kN-m  M y  7.81kN  m Type of structure Max. size of
aggregate
222. The criteria for minimum and maximum area A. Mass concrete work i.e. Dams, 40 mm
of tension steel requirement in reinforced Retaining walls, Piers and Abutments
concrete beams (singly reinforced) as per IS etc.
456:2000 is respectively: (Notations: As – area B. R.C.C work i.e beams, columns 20 mm
of steel, b-breadth of beam, d – effective depth etc.
of beam, D-depth of beam, fy – characterisitic
C. Flooring 10 mm
yield strength of reinforcement)
224. Span to effective depth ratio for a cantilever
Asmin 0.78 A smax
(a)  ,  0.04 beam for span up to 10 m to satisfy vertical
bd fy bD deflection limit
Asmin 0.85 A smax (a) 9 (b) 8
(b)  ,  0.04 (c) 7 (d) 6
bd fy bD SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
Asmin 0.75 A smax Ans. (c) : Span to effective depth ratio for beam span
(c)  ,  0.04 upto 10 m to satisfy vertical deflection limit –
bd fy bD
Beam Span to effective depth
A smin 0.8 A smax ratio
(d)  ,  0.05
bd f y bD Simply supported 20
Continuous beam 26
SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
Cantilever beam 7
Ans. (b) : A minimum area of tension reinforcing steel For slab – Span/overall depth
is required in flexural members not only to resist One way slab 30
possible load effects; but also to control cracking in
Two way slab 35
concrete due to shrinkage and temperature variations.
Continuous slab 40
Minimum Flexural Reinforcement in Beams–In the
Cantilever slab 12
case of beams; the code (Cl.26.5.1.1) prescribes the
followings: 225. The effective span of a simply supported beam
is ............. .
 A st min 0.85 (a) half of the clear distance plus width of

bd fy column
(b) 0.7 times clear distance between supports
100  A st min (c) centre to centre distance between supports
Which gives (Pt)min = values equal to (d) the clear distance between supports
bd
0.340, 0.205 and 0.170 for Fe 250, Fe 415 and Fe 500 SSC JE 2019 (Evening)
grades of steel respectively. Ans. (c) : IS 456–2000 (Clause 22.2)
Maximum Flexural Reinforcement in Beams–The  Simply supported beam or slab (not built integrally
code (Cl. 26.5.1) restricts the area of tension with its support) : Lesser of the following is adopted for
reinforcement (Ast) as well as compression calculation purposes :
reinforcement (Asc) in beams to a maximum value of leff = centre to centre distance between end supports.
0.04 bD. or leff = clear span + effective depth of the beam/slab.
 A st max Continuous Beam or Slab– For the end span with one
 0.04 end free and other continuous, the effective span shall
bD be lesser of the following :
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 374 YCT
 1 229. The thickness of the topping of a ribbed slab,
leff = clear span  effective depth of the beam or varies between :
2 (a) 3 cm to 5 cm (b) 5 cm to 8 cm
slab.
(c) 8 cm to 10 cm (d) 12 cm to 15 cm
1 SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift
or leff = clear span  width of the discontinuous
2 Ans. : (b) Ribbed slab system–It is a special type of
supports. 'grid flour' slab-beam system, in which the slab, called
Cantilever– The effective span for cantilever beam 'topping' is very thin (50mm to 100mm) and the beam,
shall taken as : called 'rib' are very slender & closely spaced (less than
1 1.5m a part) The rib have thickness not less then 65mm.
 leff = span to the face of support  (effective A two-way ribber slab system is known as waffle slab.
2
depth). 230. For a ribbed slab :
 If the cantilever forms the end of a continuous beam (a) clear spacing between ribs shall not be
leff = span up to the centre of support. greater than 4.5 cm
Frames– In analysis and design of frames, (b) Width of the rib shall not be less than 7.5 cm
leff = centre to centre distance of columns. (c) overall depth of the slab shall not exceed four
226. For a beam with rectangular cross section, at times the breadth of the rib
the neutral axis, the shear stress axis is always: (d) All option are correct
(a) Zero (b) Maximum SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift
(c) Minimum (d) Infinite Ans. : (d) According to IS 456 : 2000 Cl 30.5
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I  In-situ ribs shall be not less than 65 mm wide.
Ans. (b)  At the neutral axis, the shear stress axis is  They shall be spaced at centres not greater than 1.5 m
always maximum for rectangular beam section. apart and their depth, excluding any topping shall be
not more than four times their width.
 Generally ribs shall be formed along each edge
parallel to the span of one way slab.
 When the edge is built into a wall or rests on a beam,
a rib at least as wide as the bearing shall be formed
along the edge.
231. The thickness of slabs and beams must be
227. The following statements (S1, S2, S3) pertain to measured to the nearest :
an under reinforces beam of concrete. (a) 0.001 m (b) 0.005 m
S1 These beams are deeper when compared to (c) 0.01 m (d) 0.05 m
a balanced beam section SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift
S2 The failure of the beam takes place due to Ans. : (b) In the method of measurement, the concrete
failure of steel (plain or reinforced) dimensions are measured nearest
S3 These beams undergo large deflections at 0.01 except for the thickness of slab, which will be
failure nearest 0.005m.
Choose the correct statements. 232. For a cantilever beam of length L continuous at
(a) S1 and S2 (b) S2 and S3 the support and unrestrained against torsion at
(c) S1 and S3 (d) S1, S2 and S3 the support and free at the end, the effective
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I length 'L' is equal to:
Ans. (d) Under Reinforced Beam In an under (a) l = L (b) l = 2L
reinforced section, the percentage of steel provided is (c) l = 0.5 L (d) l = 3 L
less than that provided in balaced section. So, the actual SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
neutral axis will shift upwards Ans. (d) Cantilever beam continuous at the support and
 In under reinforce section the stress in steel first unrestrained against torsion at the support and free at
reaches it permissible value, while the concrete is under the end.
stressed.
 The failure is ductile because steel fails first and
 The effective length (l) = 3L
sufficient warning is given before collapse. Due to 233. Calculate the total weight (kg) of the steel bar
ductile failure and economy the under reinforced required for a slab of 3 m  2 m, if the slab is
section are preferred by designers. reinforced with 16 mm diameter bars @ 250
228. For initial estimate for a beam design, the mm c/c in longitudinal and transverse direction.
width is assumed : (a) 38 (b) 75.85
(a) 1/15th of the span (b) 1/20th of the span (c) 82.17 (d) 113.78
(c) 1/25th of the span (d) 1/30th of the span SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift 
 162 106  2
Ans. : (d) During the designing of beam, it is a thumb Ans. (b) A  a1  2 m 2  4
rule which is adopted by many designer that they st1
0.25 0.25
1 6
201 10  2
consider initial width of beam is about
30
th of span of A st1   1608 106 m 2
0.25
beam.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 375 YCT

 201106  3 Ans. (a) : Ratio of length of inter mediate span to the
A st 2   2412  106 m 2 end span is 1.1
0.25 length of intermediate span
Vst1  Ast1  length of Ast1  1608  106  3  .004824 m3 so  1.1
length of end span
Vst 2  A st 2  length of A st 2  2412  10 6  2  0.004824 m 3 5
 length of end span =  4.5mts.
Vst  Vst1  Vst 2  0.004824  0.004824 1.1
Vst  0.009648m3 238. The minimum Percentage of steel in RCC slab
mild steel reinforcement is
Weight of steel = Vst  Density of steel / m3 (a) 0.32% (b) 0.30%
(c) 0.15% (d) 0.12%
 0.009648m3  7850 kg / m3 SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift
Weight of steel = 75.75 ; 75.85kg Ans. (c) : As per IS code 456 : 2000 in slab as per
234. A simply supported beam carrying a central clause 26.5.2.1 minimum reinforcement shall be 0.15%
load, will be safe in deflection if the ratio of its of total cross-sectional area for mild steel bars and
span to depth is 0.12% of total cross-sectional area for HYSD bars.
(a) less than 19 (b) less than 24  The maximum diameter of reinforcing bar shall not
(c) greater than 19 (d) greater than 24 exceed one-eighth the total thickness of the slab.
SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift 239. If the ratio of the overall depth does not exceed
10, the stiffness of the beam will ordinarily be
Ans. (a) satisfactory in case of a:
As per IS 456 : 2000 (a) Simply supported beam
Span to effective depth ratio (b) Continuous beam
(i) for SSB  20 (c) Cantilever beam
(ii) for continuous beam  26 (d) None of these
(iii) for cantilever beam  7 SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
235. The deflection of beams may be decreased by Ans. (c) Ratio of span to the effective depth not overall
(a) increasing the depth of beam depth  10, the stiffness of the beam will ordinary be
(b) increasing the span satisfactory in case of a cantilever.
(c) decreasing the depth of beam  Basic value of span of effective depth ratio for spans
(d) increasing the width of beam up to 10 m.
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift Cantilever –7
Ans. (a) : As per the deflection criteria : Simply supported – 20
Continuous – 26
span
Deflection = 240. The total load on the lintel shown in the figure
depth below will be taken as the weight of brickwork
1 contained in____:
So deflection 
depth
Thus deflection can be decreased by increasing the
depth of the beam.
236. The maximum ratio of span to depth of a
cantilever slab is
(a) 8 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 14
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift (a) A rectangle whose height is equal to the
Ans. (c) effective span
Ratio of span to (b) A rectangle whose height is equal to the
Type of slab height of the slab above lintel
depth
(c) A rectangle whose height is equal to the
(i) Cantilever slab 12 height of the wall above the lintel
(ii) Cantilever and spanning in 35 (d) Equilateral triangle of side L and the load
one direction between lintel and slab
(iii) Simply supported and 35 SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
spanning in the directions Ans. (d) A lintel is a horizontal member which is placed
(iv) Continuous and spanning 40 across an opening to support the portion of the structure
in two direction above it. The function of the lintel is same as that of an
237. If the length of an intermediate span of a arch or beam.
continuous slab is 5 m, the length of the end The weight of brickwork which considered to be acted
span is kept on the lintel is maximum size of equilateral triangle
(a) 4.5 m (b) 4 m which can be formed between lintel & slab.
(c) 3.5 m (d) 3 m The brickwork above this equilateral triangle is
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift assumed to be self-supporting.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 376 YCT
241. The maximum permissible size of aggregates to
WR 2
be used in casting the ribs of a slab is  Maximum positive radial moment 
(a) 5mm (b) 7.5mm 16
(c) 10mm (d) 15mm Max m radial moment 2WR 2 16
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)  m
 
Min radial moment 16 WR 2
Ans. (c) Ribbed slab system:This is the special type of
'grid floor' slab-beam system in which 'slab' is called  Max m radial moment 
topping is very thin. And 'beams' called 'ribs' are very  m
 2
slender & closely spaced. The ribs have thickness of  Min radial moment 
about 65mm. For casting of there ribs the maximum 245. The breadth of a ribbed slab containing two
permissible size of aggregate is 10mm. bars must be between.
242. The effective width of a column strip of a flat (a) 6 cm to 7.5 cm (b) 8 cm to 10 cm
slab is taken as: (c) 10 cm to 12 cm (d) None of these
(a) One-fourth the width of the panel SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
(b) Half the width of the panel Ans. (b) Two-way ribbed slabs are sometimes called
(c) Half the diameter of the column waffle slabs. It is used in large span construction.
(d) The diameter of the column Ribbed slab is special type of 'grid floor' in which the
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift 'slab' called topping is very thin. (50-100mm) and
SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift beams called ribs are very slender and closely spaced
SSC JE 2008 (less than 1.5m apart).
The ribs have a thickness of not less than 65mm. The
Ans. (a) According to IS 456:2000, clause 31.1.1,The breath of ribbed slab containing two bars must be
effective width of a column strip of a flat slab is taken as between 8cm to 10cm.
one-fourth the width of the panel. Column strip means a
246. For a continuous slab supported at ends and
design strip having width of 0.25L2, but not greater than
carried over intermediate beams
0.25L1, on each side of the column centre line. (a) Max, sagging B.M. for the end spans = +
243. If W is total load per unit area on a panel, D is (wl2)/10
the diameter of the column head, L is the span (b) Max, hogging B.M. over peultimate supports
in two directions, then the sum of the is equal to – (wl2)/10
maximum positive bending moment and (c) Max. sagging B.M. for the interior spans = +
average of the negative bending moment for (wl2)/12
the design of the span of a square flat slab, (d) All option are correct
should not be less than SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift
2 2
WL  2D  WL  2D  Ans. (d) : According to IS 456 : 2000, bending
(1)  L   (2)  L   moment coefficient.
12  3  10  3 
2 2
Span moments Support moments
WL  2D  WL  D Near At At At other
(3) L   (4) L   middle middle support interior
10  3  12  3 of end of next to support
(a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only span interior end
(c) 3 Only (d) 4 Only span support
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift Dead load -1/10 -1/12
Ans. (c) +1/12 +1/16
Live load -1/9 -1/9
Total load per unit area = W 247. A circular slab subjected to external loading,
Diameter of column head = D deflects to form–
L is span is two direction (a) semi-hemisphere (b) ellipsold
Design of the span of square flat slab should not be less (c) parabolloid (d) None of these
 WL  2D  
2 SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift
than   L –   for sum of maxm positive Ans. (c) : When the circular slab is subjected to the
 10  3  
 external loading, it deflects in the form of parabolloid.
bending moment and average of the negative bending 248. The maximum diameter of a bar used in a
moment. ribbed slab is
244. For a circular slab carrying a uniformly (a) 12 mm (b) 6 mm
distributed load, the ratio of the maximum (c) 20 mm (d) 22 mm
negative to maximum positive radial moment is. SSC JE 24.1.2018, Morning Shift
(a) 1 (b) 2 Ans. (d) : Ribbed slab system is a special type of grid
(c) 3 (d) 4 floor slab beam system, in which slab, called topping is
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift very thin (50–100mm) and beams called ribs are very
Ans. (b) slender and closely spaced.
For the circular slab maximum negative radial moment ■ The ribs have a thickness of not less than 85mm an a
depth that is three or four times of thickness.
2WR 2 ■ The maximum diameter of bar used in a ribbed slab

16 is 22 mm.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 377 YCT

249. The pitch of the main bars in a simply Ans. (b) : The maximum of the area of steel is
supported slab, should not exceed its effective dependent on the maximum bending moment imposed /
depth by: resisted by the slab.
(a) Three times (b) Four times  Shear stresses are usually very low and thus shear
(c) Five times (d) Six times reinforce is not provided in slabs.
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening)
f  4.6Mu 
Ans. (a) : The pitch of the main bar shall not exceed the Ast= 0.5  ck  1  1    bd
following– f y  f ck .bd 2 
 Three times the effective depth of slab and 30 cm.
distribution bars are running of right angles to the main 253. In a singly reinforced beam, the effective depth
reinforcement and the pitch shall not exceed five times is measured from its compression edge to
the effective depth of slab and 45 cm. (a) tensile edge
(b) tensile reinforcement
250. In a simply supported slab, alternate bars are (c) neutral axis of the beam
curtailed at (d) longitudinal central axis
(a) L/3 (b) L/5 SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am
(c) L/7 (d) L/9 Ans. (b) In a singly reinforced beam, the effective depth
(e) L/10 is measured from its compression edge to tensile
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) reinforcement.
Ans. (e) : Half of the main steel in a simply supported
slab of span L is bent up near the support at a distance
of L/10 from the centre of the bearing.

NA = neutral axis
d = effective depth
d' = effective cover
L  Clear span, l  Effective span 254. If 'W' is the uniformly distributed load on a
251. The load on a lintel is assumed as uniformly circular slab of Radius 'R' fixed at its ends, the
distributed if the height of the masonry above maximum positive radial moment at its centre is:
it, is up to a height of (a) 3WR2/8 (b) 2WR2/16
2
(a) The effective span (c) WR /16 (d) WR2/8
(b) 1.25 times the effective span SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift
(c) 1.50 times the effective span Ans. (c) :
(d) 2.0 times the effective span
SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am
Ans. (b) Lintel is a horizontal member which is placed
across an opening to support the portion of the structure
above it.
 The load on a lintel is assumed as uniformly
distributed if the height of the masonry above it, is up to
a height of 1.25 times the effective span.
l m  1.25 leff

Maximum positive radial moment–

wR 2
Mr max = (+ve at the centre)
16
wR 2
Maximum negative moment =
8
252. The amount of reinforcement for main bars in 255. The effective span of a simply supported slab is
a slab is based upon (a) Clear distance between the inner faces of the
(a) minimum bending moment walls plus twice the thickness of wall
(b) maximum bending moment (b) Distance between centre of bearings
(c) maximum shear force (c) Clear span plus effective depth of slab
(d) minimum shear force (d) None of these
SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 378 YCT

 Ans. (c): Effective span of the simply supported slab  Circular slab, Fixed at edges.
Clear span + effective depth 2wR 2
= Minimum of Or M r mix  M  max 
Clear span + width of support 16
leff. = l0 + d 259. The ratio of the breadth to effective depth of a
b b beam is kept
leff. = l0 +  (which ever is less) (a) 0.25 (b) 0.5
2 2 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.75
256. The maximum distance between bars in tension SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning)
in slab is
(a) Three times the effective depth or 300 mm Ans. (b)
whichever is smaller
(b) Three times the effective depth or 300 mm
whichever is greater
(c) Five times the effective depth or 450 mm
whichever is smaller
(d) Five times the effective depth or 450 mm
whichever is greater
SSC JE 2012
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening)  In general, the ratio of effective depth to width in
SSC JE 2007 rectangular RCC beam section is in the range of 1.5 of 2.
Ans. (a) : The maximum spacing between two parallel  But mostly it is taken as 2.
main reinforcement bar is case of RCC slab shall be 3d d B
or 300 mm or whichever is less.   2 so,  0.5
 Maximum spacing between two secondary parallel bar B d
in case of RCC slab shall be 5 d or 450 mm or  Apart from the general consideration depth of beam
whichever is less. also depends on shear force also.
 In most cases the depth of beam is increased, in
257. Which of the following is the minimum redesigning not the width.
thickness of a flat slab that is taken into
consideration? 260. If the permissible compressive and tensile
(a) 13 cm stresses in a single reinforced beam are 50
(b) L/32 for end panels without drops kg/cm2 and 1400 kg/cm2 respectively and the
(c) L/36 for end panels without drops modular ratio is 18, the percentage of the steel
(d) All option are correct required for an economic section, is
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning) (a) 0.496% (b) 0.596%
Ans. (c) The minimum thickness of flat slab- (c) 0.696% (d) None of these
 Minimum thickness of flat slab 125 mm. SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
 L/36 for interior continuous panels without drops 50 K 2
and and panels with drops. Ans. (c) % of steel required (P) =
m(1  K)
 L/32 for interior continuous panels with drops.
 L/40 for interior continuous panels with drops. mc
Where K =
Note– The panel with drops is 1.25 to 1.50 times mc  st
thicker span the slab beyond the drop. 18  50
258. If W is the load on a circular slab of radius R, = = 0.391
the maximum circumferential moment at the 18  50  1400
center of the slab is 50  0.3912
=
WR 2 2WR 2 18(1  0.391)
A. B.
16 16 [P = 0.697%]
3WR 2 261. Long and short spans of a two way slab are ly
C. and lx and load on the slab acting on stirrups
16 parallel to lx and ly be w x and wy respectively.
(a) A only (b) B only
(c) C only (d) Zero According to Rankine Grashoff theory
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning) (a) Wx/Wy = ly/lx (b) Wx/Wy = (ly/lx)2
3
SSC JE 2018 (Evening) (c) Wx/Wy = (ly/lx) (d) Wx/Wy = (ly/lx)4
SSC JE 25.01.2018 (Morning Shift) SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (c) If W is the load on a circular slab of radius R– SSC JE 2017
Ans. (d) According to Rankine Grashoff theory – slab
w
 
M    R 2  3     r 2 1  3 
16
is subjected to only +ve BM. at supports, No –ve
moment will develop.
For maximum circumferential moment at centre–
3wR 2 w x  ly 
w
r = 0,  = 0 m , M    3  R 2      r 4 where r = span ratio
16 16 w y  lx 

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 379 YCT

262. If the diameter of the main reinforcement in a Ans. (d) According to question – Given two way slab
slab is 16 mm, the concrete cover to main bars ratio of long span and short span is 'r'.
is l
(a) 12 mm (b) 13 mm r  1
(c) 14 mm (d) 16 mm l2
SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening) 5  r2 
Ans. (d) Concrete cover in slab– Actual reduction of bending moment   M
6  1 r4 
 (i) diameter of main bar  16 mm 
Max.of  267. If the sides of a slab simply supported on edges
 (ii) 15 mm  15mm  max  16 mm and spanning in two directions are equal, the
263. If reinforcement in a beam is cut parallel to its maximum bending moment is multiplied by
length in plan, the reinforcement will be ..................
represented in section as which of the following (a) 0.2 (b) 0.3
options? (c) 0.4 (d) 0.5
(a) Small darkened circle SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift
(b) Two horizontal parallel lines Ans. (d) According to question the sides of a slab
(c) Two crossed lines simply supported on edges and spanning in two
(d) Two vertical parallel lines direction are equal then – l x  l y
SSC JE 2018
Ans. (b) : r 2  wL2 
Maximum bending moment   
1  r 4  8 
(l x / l y ) 2
 max .B.M.
1  (l x / l y ) 4
1
 .max B.M.  0.5 max B.M.
264. Design of two-way slab simply supported on 1  14
edges and having no provision to prevent the 268. Enlarged head of a supporting column of a flat
corners from lifting, is made by slab is technically known as ..............
(a) Marcus formula (a) Supporting end of the column
(b) Rankine formula (b) Top of the column
(c) Grashoff formula (c) Capital
(d) Rankine Grashoff formula (d) Drop panel
SSC JE 2017 SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift
Ans. (d) : Design of two - way slab simply supported Ans. (c) Column capital – The column capital or
one and having no provision to prevent the corners from column head available at the top of the column is
lifting, is made by Rankine grashoff formula. primarily given to increase the slab ability to resist
It is design by Grassoff Rankine method punching shear.
 It is used for corners not held down position. 269. For a continuous floor slab supported on beam,
 It is purely simply supported case. the ratio of the end span of length and
265. In a simply supported slab the minimum intermediate span length is
spacing of distribution reinforcement should be (a) 0.6 (b) 0.7
five times the effective thickness of the slab or (c) 0.8 (d) 0.9
........... SSC JE 2008
(a) 20 cm (b) 30 cm SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
(c) 40 cm (d) None of these Ans. : (d) For a continuous floor slab supported on
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift beam the ratio of the end span of length and
Ans. (b) Distribution bar – Distribution bar takes intermediate span length is 0.9.
concentric load, temperature variation and shrinkage 270. Minimum spacing between horizontal parallel
stress. It is generally take to 10 mm . reinforcement of different size should not be
– Spacing of distribution – 5d or 300 mm (as per less than
ammendment) (a) One diameter of thinner bar
– Spacing of main bar – 3d or 300 mm (b) One diameter of thicker bar
266. If the ratio of long and short spans of a two (c) Sum of diameter of thinner bar and thicker bars
way slab with corners held down is r, the actual (d) Twice the diameter of thinner bar
reduction of B.M. is given by SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
5 r 5 r2 SSC JE 2008
(a) M (b) M
6 1 r2 6 1 r2 Ans. : (b) Minimum spacing between horizontal
5 r2 5 r2 parallel reinforcement of different size not be less than
(c) M (d) M one time dia of thicker bar and is case of same size
6 1  r3 6 1 r4
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift reinforcement one time dia of the bar.

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 380 YCT

271. As per IS 456:2000 code, the final deflection 275. Deep beams are designed for____:
due to all loads including the effects of (a) Shear force only
temperature creep and shrinkage and (b) Bending moment only
measured from as cast level of the supports of (c) Both shear force and bending moment
floors, roofs and all other horizontal members, (d) Bearing
should not normally exceeds following: SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
(a) Span/300 (b) Span/250 Ans. (b) Deep beams are designed for bending moment
(c) Span/200 (d) Span/350
only.
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening)
l
Ans. (b) : As per IS code 456:2000  The ratio of effective span to overall depth is less than,
23.2 Control of Deflection D
The deflection of structure or part there of shall not (i) 2.0 for a simply supported beam; and
adversely affect the appearance or efficiency of the (ii) 2.5 for a continuous beam
structure or finishes or partitions. The deflection shall 276. While estimating a reinforced cement structure
generally be limited to the following: the omitted cover of concrete is assumed ..........
 The final deflection due to all loads including the (a) at the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25
effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage and mm or twice the diameter of the bar
measured from the as-cast level of the supports of (b) in thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of
floors, roofs and all other horizontal members, should the bar whichever is more
not normally exceed span L/250. (c) for reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25
 The deflection including the effects of temperature, mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar
creep and shrinkage occurring after Erection of which is more
partitions and the application of finishes should not (d) All options are correct
normally exceed span/350 or 20 mm whichever is less.
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
272. A part of the slab may be considered as the
flange of the T-beam if ........... Ans. (d) At the end of reinforcement bar, not less the
(a) Flange has adequate reinforcement transverse 25 mm or 2 times the diameter of the bar.
to beam  In thin slab, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar
(b) it is built integrally with the beam which ever is more.
(c) it is effectively bonded together with the beam  For reinforcement longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm
(d) all options are correct or diameter of the longest bar with is more.
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift 277. Distribution reinforcement in a simply
Ans. (d) A part of the slab may be considered as the supported slab is provided to distribute ...........
flange of the T-beam if ......... (a) load
(i) Flange has adequate reinforcement transverse to beam (b) temperature stress
(ii) It is built integrally with the beam. (c) shrinkage stress
(iii) It is effectively bonded together with the beam. (d) All options are correct
273. If the size of panel in a flat slab is 6m6m, then SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
as per Indian Standard code, the width of Ans. (d) Distribution bar– Distribution bar takes
column strip and middle strip are____: concentric load, temperature variation and shrinkage
(a) 3.0m & 1.5m (b) 1.5m & 3.0m stress. It is generally take to 10 mm .
(c) 3.0m & 3.0m (d) 1.5m & 1.5m
 Spacing of distribution – 5d or 300 mm
SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
 Spacing of main bar – 3d or 300 mm
Ans. (b) As per Indian standard width of column strip
1/4 and middle strip 1/2 are taken. 278. The minimum thickness of the cover at the end
 Column strip width = 6/4 = 1.5 cm of a reinforcing bar should not be less than
 Middle strip width = 6/2 = 3.0 m twice the diameter of the subject to a minimum
274. From limiting deflection point of view, use of of ...........
high strength steel in RC beam results in___: (a) 10 mm (b) 15 mm
(a) Reduction in depth (b) No change in depth (c) 20 mm (d) 25 mm
(c) Increase in depth (d) Increase in width SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift Ans. (d) The minimum thickness of the cover at the
Ans. (c) From limiting deflection point of view, use of end of a reinforcement bar should not be less than twice
high strength steel in RC beam results in increase in the diameter of the subjected to a minimum of 25 mm.
depth. 279. A reinforced cantilever beam of span 4 m has a
span  l  cross–section of 150×500 mm. If checked for
Deflection () = lateral stability and deflection, the beam
effective depth  d  will......................
l (a) Fail in deflection only

d (b) Fail in lateral stability only
(c) Fail in both deflection and lateral stability
1
 (d) Satisfy the requirements of deflection and
d lateral stability
 If depth increases then deflection decreases. SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 381 YCT
Ans. (c) According to question– Ans. (d) : A flat slab is supported on columns
Length of reinforced cantilever (l0) = 4m monolithically built with slab.
Area = b × d = 150 × 500 = 75000 mm2
(i) Check in deflection–
 l  span
For cantilever    7
 d  depth
4000
 8  7 (the fail in deflection)
500
(ii) Check in lateral stability – Clear distance from the
free end of the cantilever to the lateral restraint = 4000
mm.
b2
For cantilever, lo = 25 b or 100 (whichever is less)
d
l0 = 25 × 150 = 3750
1502 283. According to I.S. : 456, slabs which span in two
100  = 4500 mm directions with corners held down, are assumed
500 to be divided in each direction into middle
3750 < 4000 – fail stripe and edge strips such that the width of the
Result – Fail in both deflection and lateral stability. middle strip, is:
280. What is the diameter of the column head (a) Half of the width of the slab
(b) Two third of the width of the slab
supporting a flat slab? (c) Three-fourth of the width of the slab
(a) 0.25 times the span (d) Four fifth of the width of the slab
(b) 2.5 times the diameter of the column SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift
(c) 4 times the diameter of the column Ans. (c) : According to IS : 456 : 2000 slabs span is two
(d) 0.5 times span directions with corners held down are assumed to be
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift divided in each direction into middle strips and edge
Ans. (a) Flat slab are also known as beamless slab is a strips such that the width of the middle strip is three-
type of slab in which the flooring slab is directly fourth of the width of the slab.
supported on columns without the agency of beam or  Accrding to CI.D.1.2 of IS 456 : 2000, slope are
considered as divided in each direction, into middle
girders. The diameter of the column head supporting a strips, end strips such that.
flat slab 0.25 times the span.
281. In case of two way slab, the limiting deflection
of the slab is
(a) primarily a function of the long span
(b) primarily a function of the short span
(c) independent of long or short span
(d) dependent on both long and short span
SSC JE 03.03.2017 (Afternoon shift) 284. Thickened part of a flat slab over its
Ans. (b) As per clause 24.1 of IS 456 : 2000 supporting column, is technically known as
In case of two way slab the limiting deflection of the (a) Column head (b) Drop panel
(c) Capital (d) None of these
slab is primarily a function of the short span.
SSC JE 04/03/2017 Morning Shift
 The strip of a two way slab may be checked against Ans. (b) : Thicked part of a flat slab over its supporting
shorter span to effective depth ratios. column is known as drop panel. Drop panel increase the
Type of reinforcement contact surface area b/w the column and slab which will
Type of slab Fe 415 grade enable a better distribution of load from slab to column.
Mild steel
steel
Simply supported 35 28
Continuous 40 32
282. A flat slab is supported on
(a) Beams
285. The main reinforcement of a R.C Slab consists
(b) Columns of 10 mm bars at 100 mm spacing, if it is
(c) Beams and columns designed to replace the 10mm bars by 12mm
(d) Columns monolithically built with slab bars then the spacing of 12mm bars should be
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Morning Shift (a) 120mm (b) 140mm
SSC JE 2011 (Morning) (c) 144mm (d) 160mm
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 382 YCT
Ans. (c) : Given, Ans. (b) The HYSD reinforcement is RC slab shall
(i) Diameter of bar () = 10 mm 0.12  b  D
not be less than.
Spacing (s) = 100 mm 100
1000 The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in
Spacing (s) = (n = number of bar) slabs shall not be less than 0.15% of the total cross
n
sectional area.
1000
n 289. Maximum spacing of side face reinforcement of
s beam having depth of web more than 750 mm is :
1000 (a) 300 mm
n (b) Width of web of the beam
100 (c) Smaller of (a) and (b)
n = 10 (d) Greater of (a) and (b)
No. of bar, SSC JE 2011 (Morning )
A st Ans. (c) Side face reinforcement is provided when
n depth of beam exceeds 750 mm or when the beam is
 2
() subjected to torsion then 450 mm.
4
 Spacing of side face reinforcement is the minimum
 
A st  n  (10) 2  10  (10) 2  785.398116mm 2 value of–
4 4 1. width of web of the beam
(ii)  = 12 mm, or 2. 300 mm
s=? 290. The minimum cover in a slab should neither be
A st 785.398116 less than the diameter of bar nor less than
n  = 6.944 (a) 15 mm (b) 20 mm
 2 
() (12) 2 (c) 13 mm (d) 25 mm
4 4 SSC JE 2011 (Morning)
n = 6.944 SSC JE 2009
1000 Ans. (a) : The minimum cover in a slab should neither
S   144.0092  144 mm
6.944 be less than the diameter of bar nor less than 15 mm.
Provide 12 mm  @ 144 mm centre to centre Beam – 25 mm
Column – 40 mm
286. Minimum percentage of tension steel in an
Foundations – 50 mm
RCC beam for Fe 500 steel is
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.17 291. A continuous beam will be classified as a deep
beam if the ratio of effective span to overall
(c) 0.22 (d) 0.80
depth is below:
SSC JE 2012 (a) 2.00 (b) 2.25
Ans. (b) Minimum percentage of tension steel in an (c) 2.75 (d) 2.50
RCC beam for Fe 500 steel is 0.17 SSC JE 2010
A Ans. (d) : According to IS 456-2000 a beam shall be
Pt  st 100 (Pt = Percentage of steel) deemed to be a deep beam when the ratio of effective
bd
0.85 0.85 span to overall depth, l/D is less than–
  100  100  0.17% (i) 2.0, for simply supported beam, and
fy 500 (ii) 2.5, for a continuous beam.
287. Bending moment co-efficients and shear co- Though deferent codes define deep beams in different
efficients for continuous beams of uniform clear span to depth ratio as a general rule deep beams are
cross-section as per IS 456 (tab 12 and 13) may recognized by their relatively small span to depth ratio.
be used only when spans do not differ to the 292. A reinforced concrete beam, supported on
longest span by columns at ends, has a clear span 5 m and 0.5
(a) 10% (b) 12% m effective depth. It carries a total uniformly
(c) 15% (d) 20% distribution load 100 kN/m. The design shear
force for the beam is:
SSC JE 2012 (a) 250 kN (b) 200 kN
Ans. (c) Bending moment co-efficients and shear co- (c) 175 kN (d) 150 kN
efficients for continuous beams of uniform cross- SSC JE 2010
section as per IS 456 (tab 12 and 13) may be used Ans. : (a)
only when spans do not differ to the longest span by
15%.
288. The HYSD reinforcement in RC slab shall not
be less than
(a) 0.12 (bd)/100 (b) 0.12 (bD)/100
(c) 0.15 (bd)/100 (d) 0.15 (bD)/100
SSC JE 2011 (Evening)
SSC JE 2007

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 383 YCT

 wl 100  5 297. A simply supported beam is considered as a
Maximum shear force   deep beam if the ratio of effective span to
2 2 overall depth is less than:
 250 KN (a) 1 (b) 2
293. The main reinforcement in a cantilever beam (c) 3 (d) 4
SSC JE 2005
shall be at :
(a) Bottom of the beam (b) Top of the beam Ans. (b) : A simply supported beam is considered as
(c) Middle of the beam (d) None of three effective span
deep beam = 2
SSC JE 2010 overall depth
Ans. (b) : The bending moment of a cantilever beam L
varies from zero at the free end to a maximum value at  For continuous beam =  2.5
the fixed end support. hence during the design of D
cantilever beam, the main reinforcement is provided to 298. The clear distance between the lateral
the upper fiber of the concrete beam to withstand the restraints for a simply supported or continuous
tensile stress safely. beam to ensure lateral stability should not
exceed:
(a) 60 d2 or 250 b2/d whichever is more.
(b) 60 d or 250 d2/b whichever is less.
(c) 60 b or 250 d2/b whichever is more.
(d) 60 b or 250 b2/d whichever is less.
SSC JE 2005
294. If the maximum bending moment of a simply Ans. : (d) A simply supported or continuous beam shall
supported slab is M kg-cm, the effective depth be so proportional that the clear distance between the
of the slab is
b2
M M lateral restraints does not exceed 60 b or 250
(a) (b) d
100 Q 10 Q whichever is less.
Where,
M M
(c) (d) d  is the effective depth of the beam
Q 100Q b  breadth of the compression face mid way between
SSC JE 2008 the lateral restraints.
Ans. : (d) If the maximum bending moment of simply For a cantilever the clear distance from the free end of
supported slab is M kg-cm, the effective depth of the the cantilever to the lateral restrained shall not exceed
M b2
slab is d  25b or 100 which ever is less.
100 Q d
299. For slabs spanning in two directions for
295. In case of two-way slabs, the depth of slab is
calculating the span to effective depth ratios :
based on (a) Shorter span should be considered.
(a) Long span
(b) Longer span should be considered.
(b) Mostly long span but sometimes short
(c) Short span (c) Average value of shorter and longer spans
(d) Independent of the span should be considered.
SSC JE 2007 (d) Both the span should be considered in their
respective directions.
Ans. : (c) Two way Slab- A rectangular slab supported SSC JE 2005
on four edge supports,which bends in two orthogonal
directions and deflects in the form of dish or a saucer is Ans. : (a) According to IS code 456 : 2000 Cl. 24.1 -
called two way slabs.  For slabs spanning in two directions, the shorter of the
● If a slab is considered to be two way slab, two spans should be used for calculating the span to
i) if the slab is supported on 4 edges /sides effective depth ratio.
ii) The span ratio ly / lx ≤ 2  Span of effective depth ratio for -
● the depth of slab is based on shorter span. (i) Simply supported slabs - 35
296. Shrinkage in concrete slab : (ii) Continuous slab - 40
(a) Causes shear cracks 300. How is the deflection in RC beams controlled
(b) Causes tension cracks as per IS:456?
(c) Causes compression cracks (a) By using large aspect ratio
(d) Does not cause any cracking (b) By using small modular ratio
SSC JE 2007 (c) By contolling span/depth ratio
Ans. : (b) When the concrete surface losses water (d) By moderating water-cement ratio
faster than the bleeding action bring it to the top SSC JE 2004
shrinkage of top layer takes place and since the concrete Ans. (c)  The final deflection due to all loads including
in plastic state can't resist any tension, cracks develops on the effect of temperature, creep and shrinkage and
the surface. These cracks are common in slabs. measured from as cast level of the support of floors,
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 384 YCT
roofs and other horizontal members should not normally 303. As per IS 456: 2000 the effective length of the
Span column which is fixed at one end and hinged at
exceed the other end is ______ . Where L=
250 Unsupported length of the column
 Deflection limit is controlled by limiting span/depth (a) 0.8 L (b) 1.2 L
ratio of the RC member. (c) 0.65 L (d) 1.0 L
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
7. Column Ans. (a) : As per IS 456 : 200
301. As per IS 456:2000, which of the statement End One end Both Both One end
regarding longitudinal reinforcement in the condition fixed one end end fixed
RCC column is INCORRECT? end free Hinged fixed one and
(a) Minimum 6 longitudinal bars is to be Hinged
provided in a circular column. Leff 2L L L/2 L
(b) Minimum 4 longitudinal bars is to be (Theoreti
cal ) 2
provided in a rectangular column.
(c) Minimum 8 longitudinal bars is to be
provided in a column having helical
reinforcement within the helical region.
(d) Minimum diameter of longitudinal bars shall
not less than 12 mm. Leff (As 2L L 0.65L 0.8L
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) pe I.S
Ans. (c) : As per IS 456:2000 for longitudinal code)
reinforcement– 304. A short axially loaded square column 500
• It is 6% of gross cross-sectional area of column. mm×500 mm is subjected to service load of
• It can be reduced to 4% at lapped splice locations for 2000 kN. Calculate the ultimate load and
better placement and compaction. minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement as
• Minimum diameter of longitudinal bar = 12 mm per IS 456: 2000
• Minimum number of bars for rectangular columns are (a) 2000 kN, 2500 mm2 (b) 1000 kN, 1250 mm2
4 and for circular columns are 6. (c) 4000 kN, 3750 mm2 (d) 3000 kN, 2000 mm2
• Maximum center to center spacing of reinforcement = SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I
300 mm. Ans. (d) : Given, b = 500 mm
302. The effective lengths of a column about the x d = 500 mm
axis and y axis are 3 m and 2.75 m, P = 2000 kN,
respectively. If the size of the column is 400 mm
× 600 mm, classify the column. Ultimate load, Pu = 1.5  P
(a) Long column (b) Slender column = 1.5  2000
(c) Pedestal (d) Short column = 3000 kN
SSC JE 14.11.2022 Shift-I Ast(min) = 0.8 % of bd
Ans. (d) : Given, 0.8
Length of column in x direction, le x = 3m = 3000mm =  500  500
100
Length of column in y direction, = 2000 mm2
le y =2.75m= 2750mm 305. As per IS 456:2000, short axially loaded RC
Column size (b×d) = 400 mm×600mm column members using mild steel are designed
According to IS 456:2000, a member is considered as by the equation _____,
short when its slenderness ratio is greater than 3 and where,
less than 12 Pu = factored axial load on the member
fck = characteristic compressive strength of the
3    12 concrete
lex le 3000 3000 fy = characteristic strength of the compression
or x whichever is less  5 or  7.25 reinforcement
D b 600 400
Same for y-axis Ag = gross cross sectional area
Ac = area of concrete
le y le Asc = area of longitudinal reinforcement of
or y
D b column
2750 2750  (a) Pu = 0.4fckAc +0.67 fy Asc
or  which ever is less (b) Pu = 0.4fckAc – 0.67 fy Asc
600 400 
(c) Pu = 0.25fckAc +0.87 fy Asc
= 4.58 or 6.87 (d) Pu = 0.25fckAc +0.87 fy Asc
So, as per given option is short column. SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-II
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 385 YCT
Ans. (a) : Design of short axially loaded RC column.  5000 400
using Fe – 250  
e min   500 30 (10 + 13.3) = 23.33 mm
P0 = 0.40fck AC + 0.67fy.Asc
or 20mm
 Design stress in compression:
Concrete: – 0.4fck emin  23.33mm
Steel:– 0.67fy
310. A short RCC column is designed assuming
306. A rectangular column 300 mm ×300 m size and maximum permissible axial compressive
5 m long is restrained in position and direction stresses in concrete and steel as:
at both ends. The recommended value of it’s (a) 0.446 fck and 0.67 fy respectively
effective length is ______.
(b) 0.4 fck and 0.67 fy respectively
(a) 4 m (b) 3.25 m
(c) 0.446 fck and 0.87 fy respectively
(c) 5 m (d) 2.5 m
(d) 0.67 fck and 0.67 fy respectively
SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-II
SSC JE Civil 29.10.2020 (Morning)
Ans. (b) :Column restrained in position and direction at
both end (restrained rotation at both end) Ans. (b) : For short axially loaded column
A. Pu = 0.4 fck(Ag – Asc) + 0.67 fy Asc
recommended, leff = 0.65 L
B. For truely axially loaded column C = 0
leff = 0.65 × 5 m Pu = 0.45 fck(Ag – Asc) + 0.75 fy Asc
l eff  3.25m 0.4 fck  Is the strength of concrete
307. The minimum and maximum value of cross- 0.67fy  Is taken for steel in compression
sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement for 311. Identify the INCORRECT statement about
column are ................ and ............... respectively pitch of the lateral ties in the RCC column.
(a) 0.12%, 4% (b) 0.6%, 8% (a) Pitch must be less than 24 times the diameter
(c) 0.8%, 6% (d) 0.4%, 12% of lateral ties.
SSC JE 23.03.2021 (Afternoon)
SSC JE 2010, 2009, (b) Pitch must be less than or equal to 300 mm.
Ans. (c) : The minimum and maximum value of cross- (c) Pitch must be less than least lateral dimension
sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement, shall be not of column.
less than 0.8 percent nor more than 6 percent of the (d) Pitch must be less than 16 times of smallest
gross-sectional area of the column. diameter of longitudinal bar in column.
 The use of 6 percent reinforcement may involve SSC JE Civil 11.12.2020 (Evening)
practical difficulties in placing and compacting of Ans. (a) : Pitch of Lateral ties–The pitch or spacing of
concrete hence lower percentage is recommended. the lateral ties should not be greater than the following–
308. A RCC column is said to be short if length to (i) Least lateral dimension of the column
diameter ratio is: (ii) 16 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar.
(a) less than 50 (b) less than 30 (iii) 300 mm
(c) less than 25 (d) less than 12 Diameter of lateral ties–
SSC JE 2005, SSC JE 2012, SSC JE 2020 th
Ans. (d)  A RCC column is said to be short of length 1
 of the diameter of the largest longitudinal bar.
to diameter ratio is less than 12. 4
 Column based of slenderness ratio–  6 mm.
leff 312. The factored load carrying capacity of a
 12 (short column) reinforced concrete column (M20 concrete, Fe
least lateral dimension
415 steel) of 350 mm × 650 mm size with
leff minimum percentage of steel is :
 12 (long column)
least lateral dimension (a) 2326 kN (b) 1536 kN
(c) 2500 kN (d) 1976 kN
309. The minimum eccentricity to be considered for SSC JE 23.09.2019 (Morning)
an axially loaded RCC column of size 400 mm Ans. (a) : Column = 350mm × 650mm
× 400 mm with unsupported length of 5 m is: Pu = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
(a) 30.6 m (b) 20.5 mm = 0.4 fck (Ag – Asc) + 0.67 fy Asc
(c) 15.6 mm (d) 23.3 mm = 0.4  20  (350  650– 0.008  350  650)
SSC JE Civil 30.10.2020 (Morning) + 0.67 4150.008350650
Ans. (d) : Given, = 1805440 + 506051 = 2311491 N
R.C.C column size = 400 mm × 400 mm [Pu=2311.491 kN]
Unsupported length (l0) = 5m  5000 mm Note : Commission has selected the option (b) as
Minimum eccentricity correct answer in revised answer key.
 lo D 313. A reinforced concrete column of size 400 mm ×
  400 mm is having the diameter of longitudinal
e min   500 30 (maximum is taken) bar as 20 mm. The pitch of lateral ties in such a
or 20mm
 case should be:
taken max. value (a) 320 mm (b) 250 mm

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 386 YCT

 (c) 300 mm (d) 400 mm concrete. Construction joints in columns are provided a
SSC JE 25.09.2019 (10 AM) Shift I few cm below the junction of beam.
Ans. (c)  Construction joints in beams and slabs the joints are
 Column size = 400mm × 400mm usually located or provided at midspan or in the middle
Reinforcement bar diameter = 20mm third of the span.
Lateral or Transverse Reinforcement in a column 317. The minimum pitch of transverse
may be provided in the form of laterial ties or spiral reinforcement in a column is
reinforcement. (a) the least lateral dimension of the member
 Pitch of lateral ties : (b) sixteen times the smallest diameter of
The pitch or spacing of the lateral ties should not be longitudinal reinforcement bar to be tied
greater than the following :– (c) forty-eight times the diameter of transverse
(i) least lateral dimension of the column i.e. reinforcement
400mm. (d) lesser of the above three values
(ii) 16 times the diameter of the smallest SSC JE 27.01.2018, 10.15 am
longitudinal bar. Ans. (d) : Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement–
i.e. 16 × 20mm = 320mm.  The pitch of transverse is provide, which ever is less
(ii) 300mm. in the following–
So, the pitch of lateral ties is 300mm. (i) The least lateral dimensions of the compression
 Diameter of lateral ties members.
1 (ii) Sixteen times the smallest diameter of the
(i) th of the diameter of the largest longitudinal longitudinal reinforcement bar to be tied
4 (iii) Forty-eight times the diameter of transverse
bar.
reinforcement.
(ii) 6mm (iv) 300 mm.
314. Columns may be made of plain concrete if their 318. If the diameter of longitudinal bars of a square
unsupported lengths do not exceed their least column is 16 mm, the diameter of lateral ties
lateral dimension : should not be less than:
(a) two times (b) three times (a) 4 mm (b) 5 mm
(c) four times (d) five times (c) 6 mm (d) 8 mm
SSC JE 2008 SSC JE 25.1.2018, Morning Shift
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift Ans. (c) : Transverse reinforcement (Ties)
Ans. (b) For the plain concrete columns. The
unsupported lengths do not exceeds their least lateral 1
 .main 16
dimension by three times.   maximum 4   4 mm
OR 6 mm 4
Column strut is a compression member, the effective where, 
main = dia of mainbar
length of which exceeds three times the least lateral  = dia of bar for transverse reinforcement
dimension.
319. The reduction coefficient of a reinforced
315. The diameter of transverse reinforcement of concrete column of size 250  300 mm and
columns should be equal to one-fourth of the effective length 4.8 m is
diameter of the main steel rods but not less than (a) 0.80 (b) 0.85
(a) 4 mm (b) 5 mm (c) 0.90 (d) 0.95
(c) 6 mm (d) 7 mm SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
SSC JE 25.01.2018, Evening Shift Ans. (b) : Given,
Ans. (c) : As per IS 456 : 2000 (clause 26.5.3.2,c) Concrete column = 250  300 mm
Diameter of transverse reinforcement effective length = 4.8 m
 max. Reduction co-efficient = ?
 (i)
t   4 L L
Cr  1.25  eff or 1.25  eff
(ii) 6mm 48D 48B

316 . Pick up the correct statement from the following 4800 4800
= 1.25  or 1.25 
(a) Construction joints in columns are provided a 48  250 48  300
few cm below the junction of beam Cr = 0.85 or 0.92
(b) Construction joints in columns are provided According to option we take 0.85.
at the bottom haunching 320. According to load factor method, the permissible
(c) Construction joint in beams and slabs are load W on a short column reinforced with
provided within middle third longitudinal bars and lateral stirrups is ...........
(d) All option are correct (a) Stress in concrete  area of concrete
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) (b) Stress in steel  area of steel
Ans. (d) : Construction joints in R.C.C. beams and (c) Stress in concrete  area of concrete + stress
columns are required when the concreting has to be in steel  area of steel
stopped for the day or more than 30 minutes. In such (d) None of these
case, typical construction joints shall be provided. So SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
that bond is maintained between set concrete and fresh Ans. (c) According to load factor method –
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 387 YCT
Load carrying capacity for column – leff
P = c  Acc + sc  Asc For short column C r  1.25 
48B
For long column or
P = Cr (sc Asc + c Ac)
leff
Where, Cr = Reduction factor C r  1.25 
160 rmin
l
C r  1.25  eff 324. If the size of a column is reduced above the
48B
floor, the main bars of the columns ...........
321. If a concrete column 200  200 mm in cross- (a) continues up
section is reinforced with four steel bars of (b) bend inwards at the floor level
1200 mm2 total cross-sectional area. What is (c) stops just below the floor level and separates
the safe load for the column if permissible lap bars provided
stress in concrete is 5 N/mm2 and ES = 15 EC? (d) All options are correct
(a) 264 MN (b) 274 MN SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
(c) 284 MN (d) 294 MN Ans. (d) If the size of column reduced above the floor,
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift the main bar of the column.
Ans. (c) Given data, – Continue up bends at the floor level, stops first below
Total area of column = 200  200 = 40000 mm2 the floor level and separates lab bars provided.
Area of steel Asc = 1200 mm2 325. The minimum number of bars to be provided
E in case of rectangle and circular columns are
E s  15E c  s  15
Ec _____ respectively.
Permissible stress in concrete =5 N/mm2 (a) 6 and 6 (b) 4 and 4
(c) 4 and 6 (d) 6 and 4
E  cc
Permissible stress in steel sc  s SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Ec Ans. (c) : In the rectangular column minimum number
= 15 ×5 = 75 N/mm2 of bars to be provided is 4.
P = (cc  Acc) + (sc  Asc)
P = 5 (40,000 – 1200) + (75 × 1200)
= 284000N or 284 kN
322. A short column 20 cm  20 cm in section is
reinforced with 4 bars whose area of cross
section is 20 sq. cm. If permissible compressive
In the circular column minimum number of bars to be
stresses in concrete and steel are 40 kg/cm2 and
300 kg/cm2, the safe load on the column should provided is 6 (In circular column helical reinforcement
not exceed ............ is provided.)
(a) 412 kg (b) 4120 kg
(c) 412000 kg (d) None of these
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift
Ans. (d) Given, Area of concrete = 20 × 20 = 400 cm2 326. A compression member is termed as column or
Area of steel ASC = 4 × 20 = 80 cm2 strut if the ratio of its effective length to the least
and sc = 300 kg/cm2, cc = 40 kg/cm2 lateral dimension is more than
P = (cc  Acc) + (sc  Asc) (a) 1 (b) 2
P = 40(400–80) + (80  300) (c) 3 (d) 5
P = 36800 kg SSC JE 2012
323. A column is regarded as long column if the Ans. (c) Column or strut is a compression member,
ratio of its effective length and lateral effective length of which exceeds three times the least
dimension exceeds ........... lateral dimension.
(a) 10 (b) 15 – Pedestal is the compression member, the effective
(c) 20 (d) None of these length of which does not exceed three times the least
SSC JE 2.3.2017, Evening Shift lateral dimension ‘b’.
Ans. (d) 327. Which one of the following case represents the
effective length minimum eccentricity value of column?
Slenderness ratio () =
least lateral dimension Where,
L = Unsupported length of column (mm)
  12 long column B = lateral dimension (mm)
Load carry capacity of short column, P = (cc  Acc) (a) (L/500 + B/30) or 20mm whichever is less
+ ((sc  Asc) (b) (L/500 + B/30) or 20mm whichever is more
Load carry capacity of long column, P = Cr[(cc  Acc) (c) (L/30 + B/500) or 20mm whichever is less
+ ((sc  Asc)] (d) (L/30 + B/500) or 20mm whichever is more
SSC JE 2011 (Morning)

Reinforcement Cement Concrete 388 YCT

Ans. (b) : All column should be designed for a 331. Lap length in compression shall not be less
minimum eccentricity of than :
 l ' B'or 'D ' (a) 15  (b) 20 
emin = maximum  500  30 (c) 24  (d) 30 
 SSC JE 2009
 20 mm
Ans. : (c) For direct tension, the lap length should be
328. As per IS 456:2000, the spacing of longitudinal
bars measured along the periphery of the 2Ld or 30 which ever is greater is considered. In this
column shall not exceed............... case, the straight length of the lapping bar shall not be
(a) 250 mm (b) 300 mm less than 15 or 20cm. In the case of compression, the
(c) 150 mm (d) 350 mm lap length is equal to the development length calculated
SSC JE 2011 in compression but not less than 24 .
Ans. (b) : Longitudinal Reinforcement in column – 332. The minimum number of main steel bars
* Minimum number of bar provided in a circular R.C.C. column are------.
 Rectangular – 4 (a) 4 (b) 8
 Circular – 6 (c) 6 (d) All of the above
* Minimum dia of bar 12 mm (vary 12-50 mm) SSC JE 2007
* Maximum distance b/w longitudinal bar = 300 mm Ans. (c) : The minimum number of main steel bars
* Minimum area of steel = 0.8% of the gross area of provided in a circular R.C.C. column are 6 and
column rectangular 4.
* Maximum area of steel-
* When bars are not lapped, Amax = 6%  gross area of
column
* When bars are lapped, Amax = 4%  gross area of
column
329. A column is a compression member, the 333. An electric pole is 5 m high and it is fixed to the
effective length of which exceeds three times of ground It carries a wire at the top, and free to
its least lateral dimension. This is applicable to: move sideways over there. The effective length
(a) Rectangular and circular sections. of the pole is
(b) I section and circular sections. (a) 3.25 m (b) 4.0 m
(c) Rectangular, circular and I section sections. (c) 5.0 m (d) 10.0 m
(d) All the shapes of sections. SSC JE 2007
SSC JE 2010
Ans. : (b) We know that an electric pole work as one
Ans. : (a) A column is a compression member, the end fixed and other end is hinged,at that case we know
effective length of which exceeds three times of its least the effective length of column is-
lateral dimension. This is applicable to rectangular and
Leff = 0.8 l
circular sections.
So, Leff = 0.8 l (where l = 5 m)
330. What is the purpose of providing lateral ties in
RCC Column? 334. The unsupported length between end restrain
(a) Resistance towards bending moment shall NOT exceed ______ times the least lateral
(b) Resistance towards shear dimension of a column.
(c) Resistance towards buckling of longitudinal (a) 55 (b) 70
bars (c) 50 (d) 60
(d) None of the above SSC JE 2005
SSC JE 2010 Ans. (d) : According to the IS 456 : 2000
Ans. (c) : The main functions of lateral reinforcement in  Clause 25.3.1 said that the unsupported length
RC columns are– between end restraints shall not exceed 60 times the
• It prevent longitudinal reinforcement bars from least lateral dimension of a column.
buckling.  Clause 25.3.2 said that if in any given plane one end
• It resist the shear force and hence contributes of a column is unrestrained its unsupported length
avoiding shear failure.
• It confines the concrete core to provide sufficient 100b 2
shall not exceed
ductility or deformability. d
• It restrains the spliced bars and hence prevent their slip Where, b = width of that cross section
d = depth of the cross-section measured in the
plan under consideration.
335. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
(a) Maximum longitudinal reinforcement in an
axially loaded short column is 6% of cross-
sectional area
(b) Columns with circular section are provided
transverse reinforcement of helical type only
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 389 YCT
 (c) Spacing of lateral ties cannot be more than 16 Ans. (a) : As per IS 456:2000, the critical section for
times the diameter of the tie bar the the bending moment should be :
(d) Longitudinal reinforcement bar need not be in (A) At the face of the column, pedestal, or wall, for
contact with lateral ties
SSC JE 2004 footing supporting a concrete column, pedestal, or
wall. (Isolated footing)
Ans. (a) : Longitudinal reinforcement of column –
Min area of steel = 0.8% of the gross area of column (B) Halfway between the center-line and the edge of
Max area of steel = 6% of the gross area of column the wall, for footing under masonry wall.
Transverse reinforcement (Ties) – (C) Halfway between the face of the column or
 pedestal and the edge of the gusseted base, for
  max  main or 6mm where main  dia of main bar footings under gusseted bases.
 4
338. Which of the following stresses is mainly
least lateral dim ension responsible for the stability of a masonry
Pitch () = Min. 16 min
300 mm chimney?


(a) Tensile stresses due to earthquake.
where
min  Minimum dia of main longitudinal bar (b) Bending stress due to horizontal wind
pressure.
(c) Direct stress due to self-weight of the chimney.
8. Footing (d) Shear stress due to wind pressure.
336. As per IS 486 : 2000, in reinforced and plain SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening)
concrete footings, the thickness at the edge of Ans. (c) : Reinforced concrete chimney's are designed
the footing shall not be less than____for to withstand the stresses developed due to–
footings on soils. (i) Self weight of chimney
(a) 100 mm (b) 120 mm (ii) Wind pressure
(c) 150 mm (d) 125 mm (iii) Earthquake loads
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening)
(iv) Temperature stresses.
SSC JE 27.1.2018 (Morning)
SSC JE 25.1.2018 (Morning) • Generally, in case of masonry chimney only two main
SSC JE 2012, 2008 forces is considered one due to wind pressure and the
Ans. (c) : According to IS 456:2000, in reinforced and other due to self weight of chimney.
plain concrete footings, the thickness at the edge shall • Bending stress developed due to wind pressure and
not be less than 150 mm for footings on soils, nor less direct stress developed due to self weight of chimney.
than 300 mm above the tops of piles for footings on • The area where the wind hits or strikes the chimney is
piles. known as projected area.
• For working stress method of design the permissible Projected area = Width of outer face × Height of
bearing stress on full area of concrete shall be taken as
0.25 fck. chimney.
• For limit state method of design the permissible 339. A rectangular shape of stress distribution
bearing stress shall be 0.45 fck. diagram at the base of a circular chimney is
shown in figure. By referring to it, it may be
concluded that _________.

(a) The chimney is subjected to bending stress

only
(b) the chimney is subjected to both bending as
337. An isolated footing of RCC is supporting a well as direct compressive stress
pedestal. The critical section for the bending (c) The chimney is subjected to direct
moment should be chosen at. compressive stress only
(a) at the face of the column (d) the chimney is subjected to wined pressure
(b) halfway between the centre line and the edge only.
(c) a distance equal to half the depth of the SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning)
column from the face of the column
(d) a distance equal to the depth of the column Ans. (c) : Stress distribution diagram at the base of a
from the face of the column circular chimney–
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Morning) (a) The chimney is subjected to direct compressive
SSC JE 2012 stress only.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 390 YCT
 340. According to I.S. 456-1978, the thickness of
reinforced concrete footing on piles at its edges
is kept less than
(a) 5 cm (b) 10 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 20 cm
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning)
SSC JE 25.01.2018 (Morning)
SSC JE 2008
Ans. (*)
– As per IS 456–1978, in reinforced and plain concrete
footings, the thickness at edge shall be not less than 150
Stress distribution diagram mm for footing on soil nor less than 300 mm above the
(b) Wind pressure is P acting on the left and right side top of piles for footing on piles.
of the chimney. Note–No option is correct
341. In a combined footing the bottom bars under a
Weight of chimney (W)
d  column should be extended into the interior of
Area of chimney (A) the slab. This distance should be greater of the
M distance up to the point of contra flexure and
b  (a) 30 times diameter of the main reinforcement
Z
from the outer face of the column
max = d + b (b) 42 times diameter of the main reinforcement
min = d – b from the outer face of the column
(i) Wind pressure on left side (c) 30 times diameter of the main reinforcement
from the inner face of the column
(d) 42 times diameter of the main reinforcement
from the inner face of the column
SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
Ans. (b) : In a combined footing the bottom bars under
a column should be extended into the interior of the slab.
This distance should be greater of the distance up to the
point of contra flexure and 42 times diameter of the main
reinforcement from the outer face of the column.
342. Top bars are extended to the projecting parts
of the combined footing of two columns L
distance apart for a distance of
(a) 0.1 L from the outer edge of the column
(b) 0.1 L from the centre edge of column
(c) half the distance of projection
(d) one-fourth the distance of projection
(ii) Wind pressure on right side SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (b) In a combined footing of two columns 'L'
distance apart, top bars are extended to the projecting
parts for a distance of '0.1 L' from center edge of
column.
343. In a combined footing if shear stress exceeds 5
kg/cm2, the nominal stirrups provided are
(a) 6 legged (b) 8 legged
(c) 10 legged (d) 12 legged
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (d) : In a combined footing if shear stress exceeds
5kg/cm2, then the nominal stirrups provided are 12
legged. If shear stress less than 5 kg/cm2, then we used
8 legged stirrups.
344. For a number of columns constructed in a row,
the type of foundation provided is:
(a) Footing (b) Raft
(c) Strap (d) Strip
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 391 YCT
Ans. (d) Strip footing: When length 'L' of footing is Ans. (b) Given,
much larger than the width 'B' of footing, it is called qo = 10 tonne/cm2
'strip footing'. 10  1000  9.81
= N / mm 2 = 981 N/mm2
Strips footings are commonly found in load bearing 100
masonry construction and act as a long strip that 100q 0
supports the weight of an entire wall. D = 0.9 1
f ck
A strip footing is also provided for a row of columns
which are so closely spread that their spread footing  100  981 
 0.9  1  a = 72.788 a cm
overlap or nearly touches each other. 15 
 
D = 0.727 a metre
347. A raft foundation is provided if its area exceeds
the plan area of the building by
(a) 10% (b) 20%
(c) 30% (d) 50%
SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift
345. If p is the net upward pressure on a square Ans. (d) : A raft foundation is provided if its area
exceeds the plan area of the building by 50%. It is the
footing of side b for square column of side a,
foundation which are spread across the entire area of the
the maximum bending moment is given by: building to support heavy structural loads from column
pb(c - a) and walls. If the walls of building are so close that it
i. B.M. =
4 would cause the individual footings to overlap then,
2 strip foundations should be used.
pb(b - a)
ii. B.M. =
4 9. T and L beam
pb(b - a) 2
iii. B.M. =
8 348. The thickness of the flange of a tee beam of a
ribbed slab is assumed as
pb(b + a) (a) width of the rib
iv. B.M. =
8 (b) depth of the rib
(a) i only (b) ii only (c) thickness of the concrete topping
(c) iii only (d) iv only (d) half the thickness of the rib
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning)
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (c) A ribbed slab may be composed of tee–beam
Ans. (c) If  or L–beam, But when the tee–beams are used then the
P = net upward pressure flange of tee–beams are assumed as the thickness of
a = side of square columns concrete topping.
b = side of square footing  Topping is the 'slab' of the ribbed slab system, the
thickness of this topping is approximately 50 mm – 100
b - a
2

Max. bending moment = pb mm

8 349. An intermediate T-beam reinforced with two
layers of tensile steel with clear cover 13 cm
encasted with the floor of a hall 12 metres by 7
meters, is spaced at 3 meters from adjoining
beams and if the width of the beam is 20 cm,
the breadth of the flange is
(a) 300 cm (b) 233 cm
(c) 176 cm (d) 236 cm
SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
l
Ans. (c) b f  0  b w  6Df
6
346. If the bearing capacity of soil is 10 tones/cm2 The given case is a continuous beam, hence
and the projection of plain concrete footing l0 = 0.7 leff
from walls, is a cm, the depth D of footing is: 0.7 leff
bf =  b w  6Df
i. D = 0.0775a ii. D = 0.775a 6
iii. D = 0.775 a iv. D = 0.775a2 0.7  300
bf =  20  6  20 = 175 cm
(a) Only i (b) Only ii 6
(c) Only iii (d) Only iv (Assuming Df = bw)
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening) bf  176 cm
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 392 YCT
350. A T-beam becomes identical to a rectangular Ans. (d) : As per IS 456 Cl. 26.5.1.3–
beam with width equal to its flange width when  The depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm,
the neutral axis is side face reinforcement shall be provided along the
(a) Through the geometrical centre of the beam two faces.
(b) At the junction of the rib and the flange  The total area of such reinforcement shall be not
(c) Below the slab less than 0.1 percent of the web area and shall be
(d) Within the flange distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not
SSC JE 29.01.2018, Evening Shift exceeding 300 mm or web thickness which ever is
SSC JE 02.03.2017 (Morning Shift) less.
353. The width of the flange of a T-beam, which
Ans. (d) When neutral axis lies within the flange, the
may be considered to act effectively with the
section is treated like rectangular. The analysis and
rib depends upon ..........
design is similar to rectangular section. (a) breadth of the rib
(b) overall thickness of the rib
(c) center to center distance between T-beams
(d) all options are correct
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Ans. (d) Effective width depend upon
L
Above N.A like rectangle below the N.A. concrete (i) For T-beams bf  o  b w  6Df  b
6
area is not consider because steel will alone take bf  effective width of flange
care of tensile stresses. L0  distance between points of zero moments (points
351. The neutral axis of a T-beam exists ............ of contraflexure) which may be taken as 0.7 times the
(a) within the flange effective span for continuous beams and for beams in
(b) at the bottom edge of the slab frame.
(c) below the slab bw  breadth of web
(d) all options are correct Df  thickness of flange
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift b  actual width of flange which in equal to breadth of
Ans. (d) The neutral axis of a T-beam exists– web plus half the sum of the clear distance between the
 Within the flange beams on either side.
 At the bottom edge of the slab 354. For the design of a simply supported T-beam
 Below the slab the ratio of the effective span to the overall
Neutral axis in a T-beam section– depth of the beam is limited to ..........
(i) Within the flange – (a) 10 (b) 15
(c) 20 (d) 25
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Ans. (c) Span to effective depth ratios for spans up to
10m,
Cantilever – 7
(ii) Outside the flange or below the flange– Simply supported – 20
Continuous – 26
355. The width of the rib of a T-beam is generally
kept between ...........
1 1
(a) to of rib depth
7 3
1 1
(iii) At the bottom edge of the flange– (b) to of rib depth
3 2
1 3
(c) to of rib depth
2 4
1 2
(d) to of rib depth
3 3
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
352. Side face reinforcement shall be provided in Ans. (d) The width of the rib of a T-beams is generally
the RCC beam when the depth of web in the 1 2
beam exceeds : kept between to of rib depth,
3 3
(a) 300 mm (b) 400 mm
(c) 500 mm (d) 750 mm 1 2
bw = to of dr.
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening) 3 3
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 393 YCT
Where, 359. Which of the below structure doesn't require
dr = depth of rib Pre Stressed Concrete?
bw = width of rib (a) Bridge (b) Arch
(c) Dam (d) Silos
356. Though the effective depth of a T-beam is the
distance between the top compression edge to SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning)
the center of the tensile reinforcement for Ans. (b) – Advantage of PSC:
heavy loads it is taken as ........... (a) small c/s of concrete
(b) effective utilization of total c/s of concrete (totally in
1 1
(a) of span (b) of span compression)
8th 10 th (c) Less wt. of structure
1 1 (d) Overall section is uncracked
(c) of span (d) of span (e) Improved strength of concrete in shear
12 th 16 th
SSC JE 4.3.2017, Afternoon Shift eg.– Railway sleepers, Bridge, Dam, Silos, Culvert etc.
 Arches doesn't require pre-stressed concrete because,
Ans. (c)
they are already under so much compression.
 For all cases, effective depth of the beam cross
360. In how many types can R.C.C. be classified
1 1  into?
section is to be taken as : d =  to  span.
 10 12  (a) 2 (b) 3
1 th (c) 4 (d) 5
 For heavy loads it is taken as of the span. SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
12 SSC JE 24.1.2018 (Morning)
Ans. (a) Reinforced cement can be of two type–
10. Pre-stressing Concrete (a) Pre-cast
(b) Cast in-situ
357. Hollow pre-cast concrete blocks possess good The main difference between precast concrete and cast
thermal insulation because of the: in-situ concrete is that the former is a factory made
(a) air entrapped within the block product while the later is prepared at the site of work.
(b) seepage resistance 361. R.C.C. was developed and first used by:
(c) outside air near the block (a) Joseph Monier (b) John Smeaton
(d) resistance to efflorescence (c) Franis Coignet (d) Joseph Aspadin
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning) SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (a) : Types of precast units–Hollow concrete Ans. (c) Franis coignet was a french industralist and the
blocks are manufactured in various shapes and sizes. first to use the iron reinforced concrete.
Blocks of concrete are moulded in a machine.  Joseph Monier founded ferro-cement.
Hollow concrete blocks - 39 cm × 19 cm × 30 cm  John Smeaton is considered the father of civil
Hollow building tiles - 39 cm × 19 cm × 20 cm Engineering.
The use of precast concrete blocks in the  Joseph Aspdin founded portland cement
construction– 362. The compression in PSC is done by .......... of
• It has high compressive strength. high-strength tendons.
• It has a good fire and abrasion resistance and very (a) Compression (b) Tensioning
good stability. (c) Shearing (d) Bending
• Hollow units have low self weight. SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
• Air space provides good thermal insulation Ans. (b) Compression in PSC is done by tensioning of
• Hollow precast concrete blocks posses good thermal high strength tendons. Tendons can be single wire,
insulation because of the air entrapped within the mesh, threaded bars made from high tensile steels.
blocks.  The pre-stressing is done by tensioning tendons.
358. PSC stand for: 363. Permanent dimension changes due to loading
(a) Post- Stressed Concrete of concrete is termed as:
(b) Post- Strained Concrete (a) Strain (b) Extent
(c) Pre-Stressed Concrete (c) Creep (d) Ambit
(d) Pre-strained Concrete SSC JE 22.1.2018, Morning Shift
SSC JE 27.01.2018 (Morning) Ans. (c) Creep can be defined as the elastic and long
Ans. (c) Prestressed concrete is the one in which there term deformation of concrete under a continuous load.
nave been introduced internal stresses of such The ratio of the ultimate creep strain to the elastic strain
magnitude and distribution that the stresses resulting at age of loading is termed as creep coefficient.
from the external loading are counterbalanced upto a 364. In the design of pre–stressed concrete
desired degree. structures, which of the following limit states
 It abbreviation is PSC. will come under the serviceability limit states?
 Past tensioned pre-stressed concrete. SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 394 YCT
 OR Ans. (b) : If the loading on a pre stressed rectangular is
Limit state of serviceability of prestressed uniformly distributed the tendon to be provided in
concrete sections should satisfy parabolic and convexity downward. this shape of this
(a) Cracking, deflection and maximum compression reinforcement as such we provided generally due to
(b) Cracking only
(c) Deflection and cracking bending moment shape of pre stressed beam section, the
(d) Deflection and maximum compression shape generally of opposite nature that of BMD formed
SSC JE 1.03.2017 (Evening) in beam section.
Ans. (a) Limit state of serviceability of prestressed 368. The loss of pre-stress due to of concrete is the
concrete should satisfy cracking, deflection and product of____:
maximum compression also. (a) Modular ratio and percentage of steel
 The crack width and deflection should not exceed the (b) Modulus of elasticity of concrete and
permissible limit and maximum compressive force also shrinkage of concrete
should not exceed the strength of concrete. (c) Modulus of elasticity of steel and shrinkage
Note : See article 19.3 in IS code 1343 : 1980. of concrete
365. What is the purpose of reinforcement in (d) Modular ratio and modulus of elasticity of
prestressed concrete? steel
(a) to provide adequate bond stress SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
(b) to resist tensile stresses
(c) to impart initial compressive stress in Ans. (c) Loss of pre-stress due to shrinkage ECS ES
concrete where
(d) All of these Ecs = 3 10–4 for pre-tensioning
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift 2  10 4
Ans. (c) Prestressing is the process by which a = for post tensioning
log  t  2 
concrete element is compressed, generally by steel
wires or strands. Where,
 The purpose of reinforcement in prestressed concrete t = age of concrete at transfer in days
is to impart initial compressive stress in concrete. Es = modulus of elasticity of steel
366. The cable for a prestressed concrete simply 369. In the conventional prestressing, the diagonal
supported beam subjected to uniformly tension in concrete:
distributed load over the entire span should (a) Increases
ideally be ......... (b) Decreases
(a) placed at the centre of cross section over the (c) Does not change
entire span
(d) May increase of decrease
(b) Places at some eccentricity over the entire
span SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
(c) varying linearly from the centre of cross Ans. (b) In a pre-stressed concrete member, the shear
section at the ends to maximum eccentricity stress is generally accompanised by a direct stress in the
at the middle section axial direction of the member, and if transverse, vertical
(d) parabolic with zero eccentricity at the centre pre-stressing is adopted, compressive stresses in the
of the span direction perpendicular to the axis of the member will
SSC JE 3.3.2017, Afternoon Shift be present in addition to the axial prestress.
Ans. (c) The cable for a prestressed concrete simply
supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load
over the entire span should ideally be parabolic with
zero eccentricity at the ends and maximum eccentricity
at the centre of span.

Note : As parabolic profile with max-eccentricity at

centre is not in option so most appropriate answer Principal tensile stressed
would be (c). in pre-stressed member
367. In a uniformly distributed loading, a The maximum & minimum principal stresses
prestressed rectangular beam should be : developed are given by :
(a) Straight below centroidal axis  f x  f y  1 
(b) Parabolic with convexity downward f max/ min    (f x  f y ) 2   2v 
(c) Parabolic with convexity upward  2  2 
(d) Straight above centroidal axis In pre-stressed concrete members, the direct stresses fx
SSC JE 1.3.2017 (Evening) and fy being compressive, the magnitude.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 395 YCT
 The minimum pressure is–
11. Retaining Wall W  6e 
q min  1 
370. A reinforced concrete retaining structure that b  b
provides skeletal support to earthen materials q min  0
is called ________. w  6e 
(a) erosion (b) backfill 1    0
b b 
(c) plasticity (d) plasticity
6e
SSC JE 09/10/2023 (Morning) 1
b
Ans. (b) : Retaining wall is a structure that are designed
e = b/ 6
and constructed to with stand lateral pressure of soil or
b
hold back soil materials. Hence if e  there will be no tension at base of
• The lateral pressure could be also due to back fill, 6
liquid pressure sand. retaining wall.
•A reinforced concrete retaining structure that provides 373. Cantilever retaining walls can safely be used
skeletal support to earthen materials is called backfill. for a height not more than:
371. Which of the following in NOT an example of a (a) 4 m (b) 5 m
typical stress distribution diagram at the base (c) 6 m (d) 8 m
of a circular chimney? SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
Ans. (c) :
(a) (b)
Type of retaining wall Suitability
Gravity retaining wall up to 3 m
(c) (d) Cantilever retaining wall up to 6 m
Counterfort retaining wall up to 7 m
SSC JE 16.11.2022 Shift-I 374. If W is the weight of a retaining wall and P is
Ans. (a) : Chimney and wall subjected to wind the horizontal earth pressure, the factor of
pressure:- safety against sliding is
(a) 1 (b) 1.25
(c) 1.5 (d) 2
SSC JE 24.01.2018 (Evening)
Ans. (c) For retaining wall–
FOS against overturning = 1.5
FOS against sliding = 1.5
R v
FOS = < 1.5
RH
 = tan 
Sliding failure is nothing but sliding of wall away from
backfill where there is shearing at the base of wall.
375. In counterfort type retaining walls:
A. The vertical slab is designed as a continuous slab
B. The heel slab is designed as a continuous slab
372. To have pressure wholly compressive under the C. The vertical slab is designed as a cantilever
base of a retaining wall if width b, the resultant D. The heel slab is designed as a cantilever
of the weight of the wall and the pressure (a) A & B (b) A & D
exerted by the retained, earth should have (c) B & C (d) C & D
eccentricity not more than SSC JE 1.3.2017 Morning Shift
(a) b/3 (b) b/4 Ans. (a) A counter fort retaining wall is a cantilever
(c) b/5 (d) b/6 wall with counterforts, or buttresses, attached to the
SSC JE 23.01.2018 (Evening) inside face of the wall to further resist lateral thrust.
Ans. (d) : The resultant of the weight of the wall and  The use of this counter fort is to reduce the shear
the pressure exerted by the retained earth should, have force, and the bending moment in the vertical stem
b  b of the slab.
eccentricity not more than or  e  
6  6   In a counter fort retaining wall, the vertical slab is
The maximum pressure is– designed as a continuous slab and the heel slab is
designed as a cantilever slab because this wall
W  6e 
q max  1  reduce joint efficiency. Hence an extra margin is
b  b created.
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 396 YCT
376. Minimum thickness of load bearing RCC wall 380. Due to which of the following reasons is
should be reinforcement installed during the construction
(a) 50 mm (b) 100 mm of concrete pipelines?
(c) 150 mm (d) 200 mm (a) To prevent concrete cracks
SSC JE 2010, 2009 (b) To enable it to withstand inside and outside
pressure
Ans. (b) : Minimum thickness of load bearing RCC (c) To prevent efflorescence
wall should be 10 cm or 100 mm. (d) For water seepage prevention
377. In a cantilever retaining wall, the stem design SSC JE 15.11.2022 Shift-I
moment is: Ans. (b) : The reinforcement installed during the
1 construction of concrete pipelines is the reason to
(a) Ka h2 (b) Ka h enable it to withstand inside and outside pressure.
2
In most situations, we add reinforcement to improve its
1 1
(c) Ka h3 (d) Ka h3 strength. Reinforcement within concrete creates a
6 12 composite material, with the concrete providing
SSC JE 2010 strength against compressive stress while the rein
1 forcemeat provides strength against tensile stress.
Ans. : (c) Horizontal force (Pa) = K a ..h 2 381. The advantage of a concrete pile over a timber
2
pile is
centre of gravity acts (h/3) from base. (a) no decay due to termites
1 h (b) no restriction on length
So, stem design moment = K a ..h 2 
2 3 (c) higher bearing capacity
1 (d) All option are correct
= K a .h 3 SSC JE 23.1.2018, Morning Shift
6
Ans. (d) : The advantages of a concrete pile over a
timber pile is no decay due to termites, no restriction on
12. Miscellaneous length and higher bearing capacity. Concrete piles are
two types pre-cast and cast in situ.
378. An underground water tank is to be designed. 382. Spans of continuous fillers are considered
Which of the following cases is considered most approximately equal if the longest span does
appropriate for the analysis of its wall? not exceed the shortest span by more than:
(a) 0.05 (b) 0.1
3 (c) 0.15 (d) 0.2
(a) The underground water tank is full
4 SSC JE 22.1.2018, Evening Shift
(b) The underground water tank is half full Ans. (c) Span of continuous fillers are considered
(c) The underground water tank is empty approximately equal if the longest span does not exceed
the shortest span by more than 0.15.
(d) The underground water tank is full
383. If the storey height is equal to length of RCC
SSC JE 11/10/2023 (Morning)
wall, the percentage increase in strength is
Ans. (c) : If we will be design an underground water ........................
tank. It considered most appropriate for the analysis of (a) 0 (b) 10
it's wall the underground water tank is empty. (c) 20 (d) 30
379. Which of the following methods are not used SSC JE 2.3.2017, Morning Shift
for the analysis and design of watertanks? Ans. (b) If the storey height is equal to length of RCC
wall, the percentage increase in strength is 10.
(a) Carpenter's simplified method
384. In an RCC staircase, supported at both ends of
(b) Reissner's method the going is 4 m and the total rise is 3 m. The
(c) Rankine method total uniformly distributed load is 10 kN / m2.
(d) BIS code method The maximum moment would be
SSC JE 10/10/2023 (Evening) (a) 20 kN m (b) 31.25 kN m
Ans. (c) : Following method is used to design of (c) 11.25 kN m (d) 25 kN m
SSC JE 2007
circular tanks–
Ans. : (a) Given that,
(i) Reissner's method Effective length of staircase (l) = 4m
(ii) Carpenter's method Total uniformly distributed load on staircase
(iii) Approximate method (w) = 10 kN/m2
(iv) IS code method So maximum bending moment-
(v) Simplified methods of analysis rate. wl2 10  (4) 2
 
Note–Minimum grade of concrete for designing RCC 8 8
water tank is taken as M30 and for PCC work M20. = 20 kN–m
Reinforcement Cement Concrete 397 YCT