Introduction To Robotics:
Discover the fascinating field of robotics, from its foundational concepts
to practical applications and hands-on learning with Arduino.
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Chapter 1
Robotics: The Overview Of Robotics
Robotics is an Multidisciplinary field integrating computer science and engineering to design, construct, operate, and use
robots. Essentially, it's about creating machines that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, interacting with
their environment.
Definition Core Concept
Robotics is the branch of science and engineering that Machines that perceive, process information, and act to
deals with designing, building, and using robots — achieve specific goals.
machines that can sense, think, and act to help humans
in different tasks.
Chapter 2
A Brief History of Robots
The idea of automated machines has existed for centuries, but modern robotics truly began in the 20th century. From early
automatons to complex industrial systems, the journey of robots reflects humanity's continuous quest for efficiency and
innovation.
Ancient World 1960s-1970s
Early concepts of automatons and Industrial robots gain traction in
mechanical devices by Greek engineers and manufacturing, especially in the automotive
Chinese artisans. industry.
1 2 3 4
1950s 1980s-Present
George Devol invents "Unimate," the first Advances in computing power and AI lead to
industrial robot, laying the groundwork for more versatile robots, including mobile and
factory automation. humanoid types.
Chapter 3
Applications of Robotics
Robots are transforming various sectors, enhancing productivity, safety, and precision. Their versatility allows them to operate in
environments too dangerous or monotonous for humans.
Manufacturing Healthcare Logistics
Assembly, welding, painting, and material Surgical assistance, patient care, drug Automated guided vehicles (AGVs),
handling in factories. delivery, and disinfection. sorting, and packaging in warehouses.
Drones Education
Aerial surveillance, delivery, agriculture, Interactive learning tools, programming
and infrastructure inspection. kits, and research platforms.
Chapter 4
Components of Robotic Systems
A typical robot consists of several interconnected components that enable it to perform its functions. Understanding these
parts is crucial for designing and building robots.
Sensors Actuators Controllers Power Source
Gather information about Convert electrical signals The "brain" that processes Provides energy to the
the environment (e.g., into physical motion (e.g., sensor data and sends entire system (e.g.,
cameras, proximity motors, hydraulics). commands to actuators batteries, power outlets).
sensors, temperature (e.g., microcontrollers,
sensors). computers).
Chapter 5
Types of Robots
Robots come in various forms, each designed for specific tasks and environments. They can be broadly categorized into industrial and
non-industrial types.
#Industrial Robots
1.Articulated Robots 4.Cartesian Robots (Gantry robots)
• Have many joints, like a human arm. • Move in straight lines along X, Y, Z axes (like 3D printers).
• Can move in many directions, good for complex tasks. • Simple design, very accurate.
• Example: Car manufacturing robots for welding/painting. • Example: CNC machines and 3D printers.
2.SCARA Robots (Selective Compliance 5.Cobots (Collaborative Robots)
Assembly Robot Arm) • Made to work safely with humans (with sensors & limits).
• Easy to program and safe to use in workplaces.
• Very fast and precise, move mainly in a flat plane. • Example: Helping workers in small factories with lifting or
• Great for picking and placing small parts. • assembly.
• Example: Electronic circuit assembly.
3.Delta Robots
• Use 3 arms in a triangular (parallel) design.
• Very lightweight and super-fast.
• Example: Sorting chocolates in a factory.
Non-Industrial Robots
Mobile Robots
• Can move around and work in changing environments.
• Example: AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) in warehouses, robotic
vacuum cleaners at home.
Humanoid Robots
• Look and sometimes act like humans (two arms, legs, head).
• Often used for research, education, or helping people.
• Example: assistance.
Drones (UAVs – Unmanned Aerial Vehicles )
• Robots that fly without a pilot on board.
• Used for delivery, photography, mapping, or surveillance.
• Example: delivery, surveillance.
Chapter 6
Arduino: The Robot's Brain
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's ideal for robotics enthusiasts due
to its simplicity, versatility, and vast community support.
What it is: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that
includes small programmable circuit boards (like Arduino Uno)
and easy-to-use software (Arduino IDE). It is used to build and
control electronic projects such as robots, sensors, and smart
devices.
Common Uses in Robotics:
• Controlling motors for movement.
• Reading sensor data for navigation and interaction.
• Implementing simple robot behaviors and logic.
Chapter 7
Setting Up: Arduino IDE Installation
The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is where you'll write and upload code to your Arduino board. Follow these
steps to get started:
01 02 03
Download Install Connect & Test
Visit the official Arduino website Run the downloaded installer. Follow the on- Connect your Arduino board to your computer via
(arduino.cc/software) and download the installer screen prompts. Ensure you select "Install USB USB. Open the IDE, select your board and port
for your operating system. driver" during the process. under "Tools," and upload the "Blink" example
sketch to test.
Chapter 8
Simulate with Tinkercad Circuits
Tinkercad Circuits allows you to simulate Arduino projects online without physical hardware. It's excellent for prototyping and learning.
1 2 3
Access Build Code & Simulate
Go to tinkercad.com/circuits and log in or Drag and drop Arduino boards, Click the "Code" button, write or paste your
create an account. components (like LEDs, resistors), and Arduino code, then click "Start Simulation"
sensors onto the canvas. Wire them up as to see your circuit in action.
you would in real life.
Key Takeaways & Next Steps
Robotics is a dynamic field blending engineering and computer science. Arduino and Tinkercad are powerful tools to begin
your journey.
Start Small Explore Resources Join a Community
Begin with simple projects like Utilize online tutorials, books, Connect with other enthusiasts in
blinking an LED or controlling a and the vast Arduino local clubs or online groups to
servo motor. community forums. share and learn.
Thank You!
