Short-Term

Program Book Internship

AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(A STATUTORY BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH)
 AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

“INTERNET OF THINGS”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree
Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
KUMMARI GURUPRASAD
Reg.No:23AM5A0405
Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr C.Nagendra Reddy, M.Tech,

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
Department of ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi ,Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuram, Recognized under 2(F)
&12(B) by UGC, An ISO:9001:2015 Certified Institution, & Accredited by NBA & NAAC )
AYYALURMETTA (V), NANDYAL. Dist. – 518502 , A.P.
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-2026
 SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE,New Delhi ,Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuram, Recognized under 2(F)
&12(B) by UGC, An ISO:9001:2015 Certified Institution, & Accredited by NBA & NAAC )

AYYALURMETTA (V), NANDYAL. Dist. – 518502 , A.P.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the internship report on “INTERNET OF THINGS” is a Bonafide work of
KUMMARI GURUPRASAD (23AM5A0405), IV B.Tech, l-Semester student in the Department of
ELECTRONICS& COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, SVR Engineering college, Nandyal, Affiliated
to JNTUA, Anantapuram, during the academic year 2025-26, in fulfillment of the requirement of the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology.

Department Internship Guide Internship Coordinator

C.Nagendra Reddy, M.Tech S.JAYACHANDRANATH, M.Tech
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE Department of ECE

Head of the Department

Dr. G. LAKSHMI NARAYANA, M.Tech, Ph.D,

Professor & HOD,
Department of ECE
 Program Book
for
Short-Term Internship(Virtual)

Name of the student : KUMMARI GURUPRASAD

Name of the college : SVR Engineering college

Registration number : 23AM5A0405

Period of internship : 12-MAY 2025 TO 12-JULY 2025

Name & address of the

Intern organization : AICTE – SLASH MARK
 An Internship Report
On
(INTERNET OF THINGS)
Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of B. Tech

Name of the College : SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department : ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Name of the Faculty Guide : C.Nagendra Reddy, M. Tech,Assistant Professor

Duration of the Internship : 12-MAY 2025 TO 12-JULY 2025

Name of Student : KUMMARI GURUPRASAD

Program of Study : B. Tech

Year of Study : 2025-2026

Register Number : 23AM5A0405

Date of Submission :
 Student’s Declaration

I am KUMMARI GURUPRASAD, a student of B.Tech Program, Reg.No:23AM5A0405 of the

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
here by declares that I have completed the Mandatory Industry Internship from May 2025 to July 2025
in Slash mark under the Guide of C.Nagendra Reddy, M.Tech,Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics & Communication Engineering at SVR Engineering College.

Student signature & Date

Endorsements

Faculty Guide

Head of the Department

Principal
CERTIFICATE FROM INTERN ORGANIZATION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First I would like to thank AICTE for giving me the opportunity to do a virtual internship. It is
indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the help of these
individuals.
I express deep gratitude to my guide Mr. C.Nagendra Reddy, M.Tech, Assistant Professor
Department of ECE, S.V.R Engineering College , for the guidance and for his incessant help and
encouragement throughout the course of internship. His friendly and informal talks helped me to work
under excellent working conditions.
I would like to express my gratitude to my internship coordinator
Mr.S.JAYACHANDRANATH, M.Tech, Assistant professor in the Department of ECE, S.V.R
Engineering College(Autonomous) for the encouragement throughout the course.
I am extremely thankful to Head of the Department of ECE, Dr. G.LAKSHMINARAYANA,
M.Tech,Ph.D, Electronics and Communication Engineering, S.V.R Engineering College, for the
encouragement and assistance provided to me, which contributed to the successful completion of this
internship.
I am thankful to our Principal Dr.Y. HARIPRASADA REDDY Garu, who has encouraged and
motivated me to complete the internship by providing all necessary facilities to carry out the internship
work.
I am thankful to our Honorable chairman Sri S. VENKATA RAMI REDDY Garu and Honorable
Managing Director Sri S. DINESH REDDY Garu for providing me with good faculty and for their moral
support throughout the course.
I thank all the staff of Electronics and Communication Engineering department who have directly
or indirectly helped me in many regards.
Finally, a word of gratitude to my family members and friends who have been a constant source
of encouragement and love.

By
KUMMARI GURUPRASAD
Reg.No:23AM5A0405
 Vision and Mission of the institute
Vision
❖ To produce competent engineers with strong basics of engineering knowledge, a mindset of
lifelong learning and the necessary complementary skills needed to be successful
professionals.

Mission
❖ To impart Affordable and Quality Education to meet the needs of Society
❖ To provide Ambient Teaching - Learning Environment, Adequate Infrastructure and Resources.
❖ To empower the students through Complementary Skills such as Decision making, Interpersonal,
Ability to apply knowledge across disciplines, Ability to work effortlessly with others.

Vision and Mission of the Department

Vision
❖ To produce highly skilled, creative and competitive Electronics and Communication Engineers
to meet the emerging needs of the society.

Mission
❖ To impart a strong foundational knowledge and essential skills in Electronics and
Communication Engineering through innovative teaching and hands-on learning experiences,
enabling graduates to effectively identify, analyze and solve complex engineering problems.

❖ To promote critical thinking, ethical practices, and social responsibility, preparing students to
excel in diverse professional environments while fostering a commitment to lifelong learning and
continuous professional development.

❖ To cultivate well-rounded competencies and complementary skills in students, empowering

them for successful careers, advanced studies, and entrepreneurial ventures, while instilling a
strong sense of professional ethics and social awareness aligned with societal needs.
 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO1: Graduates apply their knowledge of mathematics and science to identify, analyze and solve
problems in the field of Electronics and develop sophisticated communication systems.
PEO2: Graduates embody a commitment to professional ethics, diversity and social awareness in their
professional career.
PEO3: Graduates exhibit a desire for life-long learning through technical training and professional activities.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

POS1: Apply the fundamental concepts of electronics and communication engineering to design a variety
of components and systems for applications including signal processing, image processing, communication,
networking, embedded systems, VLSI and control system

POS2: Select and apply cutting-edge engineering hardware and software tools to solve complex Electronics
and Communication Engineering problems.
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES

SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPART ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MENT
Engineering knowledge: Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural science, computing, engineering
PO1
fundamentals and an engineering specialization as specified in WK1 to WK4 respectively to develop to the
solution of complex engineering problems.
Problem analysis: Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature and
PO2 analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions with
consideration for sustainable development. (WK1 to WK4)
Design/development of solutions: Design/Development of Solutions: Design creative solutions
PO3 for complex engineering problems and design/develop systems/components/processes to meet
identified needs with consideration for the public health and safety, whole-life cost, net zero
carbon, culture, society and environment as required. (WK5)
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Conduct Investigations of Complex
PO4 Problems: Conduct investigations of complex engineering problems using research -
based knowledge including design of experiments, modelling, analysis & interpretation
of data to provide valid conclusions. (WK8).
Engineering tool usage: Engineering Tool Usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques,
PO5 resources and modern engineering & IT tools, including prediction and modelling recognizing their
limitations to solve complex engineering problems. (WK2 and WK6)
The engineer and the world: The Engineer and The World: Analyze and evaluate societal
PO6 and environmental aspects while solving complex engineering problems for its impact on
sustainability with reference to economy, health, safety, legal framework, culture and
environment.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, human values, diversity and
PO7
inclusion; adhere to national & international laws. (WK9)
Individual and team work: Individual and Collaborative Team work: Function effectively as
PO8
an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse/multi-disciplinary teams.
Communication: Communicate effectively and inclusively within the engineering community
PO9
and society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations considering cultural, language, and learning
differences
Project management and finance: Project Management and Finance: Apply knowledge and
PO10 understanding of engineering management principles and economic decision-making and apply
these to one's own work, as a member and leader in a team, and to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability for i)
PO11 independent and life-long learning ii) adaptability to new and emerging technologies and iii)
critical thinking in the broadest context of technological change. (WK8)
Apply the fundamental concepts of electronics and communication engineering to design a
variety of components and systems for applications including signal processing, image
PSO1
processing, communication, networking, embedded systems, VLSI and control system
PSO2 Select and apply cutting-edge engineering hardware and software tools to solve complex
Electronics and Communication Engineering problems.
TITLE PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PSO1 PSO2

IOT 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
 INTERNET OF THINGS

INDEX

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1.ABSTRATCT : 01

2.INTRODUCTION : 02

3.OVERVIEW OF THE IOT : 03-05

4.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : 06-08

5.INTERNSHIP PART : 09-14

➢ ACTIVITY LOGS & WEEKLY : 15-24

REPORTS

6.OUTCOME DESCRIPTION : 25-27

7.CONCLUSION : 28
 INTERNET OF THINGS

ABSTRACT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving technology that connects physical devices, sensors,
and systems to the internet, enabling them to collect, exchange, and process data in real time. This short-
term internship provided hands-on experience in understanding IoT architecture, communication protocols,
and practical applications.
The training covered essential components such as microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and cloud
platforms, highlighting how these elements integrate to create smart solutions. Key focus areas included
device programming, data acquisition, and remote monitoring through IoT platforms. The internship also
explored real-world applications of IoT in sectors like smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, and industrial
automation.
Through practical exercises and projects, the program enhanced knowledge in data handling, security
considerations, and the role of IoT in driving Industry 4.0. Overall, this internship has strengthened
technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and understanding of how IoT can transform traditional systems
into intelligent, connected networks.
Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT architecture, sensors, cloud computing, smart devices, Industry 4.0

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 INTERNET OF THINGS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
➢ The internet of things is the extension of internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday
objects.
➢ IOT is simply the network of interconnected things/devices which are embedded with sensors, software,
network, connectivity and necessary electronics that enables them to collect and exchange data making
them responsive.
➢ It makes devices and systems taking all the things in the world and connecting them to the internet.
➢ The internet of things (IOT) refers to the ever-growing network of physical object that feature an IP
address for internet connectivity, and the communication that occurs between these objects and others
internet- enabled devices and systems.
➢ It is also referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Skynet or internet of everything.
➢ These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously
flow the data between other devices.

FIG .INTERNET OF THINGS

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 INTERNET OF THINGS
CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF THE IOT

Slash mark Organisation is India’s Leading Real-Time Learning platform that aims to provide
job-oriented courses, projects, internships, placement Programs, Faculty Development Programs, and
Workshops to aspiring People. With a vision to bridge the skills gap in the industry, Slash mark offers
a diverse range of six job-oriented courses designed to equip individuals with the necessary skills and
knowledge demanded by the current job market.

Slash mark's courses and internships are carefully curated and structured by 20 Plus industry
experts and experienced professionals. The organization Started with 6 employees, but now Around
40 plus Enthusiastic People are Working. The Organisation adopts a learner-centric approach,
ensuring that the courses are engaging, interactive, and aligned with the latest industry trends and
practices. The platform provides a user-friendly and accessible learning environment, utilizing modern
technologies and tools to facilitate effective learning outcomes. Learners have access to
comprehensive course materials, practical exercises, quizzes, and assessments, enabling them to track
their progress and reinforce their understanding of the subject matter.

By combining job-oriented courses with hands-on internships, Slash mark aims to empower
individuals with the skills, knowledge, and practical exposure required to excel in their chosen
professions. Whether one is a fresh graduate seeking to kick-start their career or a working professional
looking to upskill, Slash mark offers a comprehensive platform to unlock their full potential and thrive
in today's competitive job market.

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 INTERNET OF THINGS
Iot-Key Features:
• Connectivity − New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT networking, mean
networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a much smaller and
cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small networks between its system devices.
• Sensors − IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which transform
IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
• Active Engagement − Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens through passive
engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service engagement.
• Small Devices − Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful over time. IoT
exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and versatility.

The history of the Internet of Things :

Although examples of interconnected electronic devices exist as far back as the early 19th century,
with the invention of the telegraph and its ability to transmit information by coded signal over distance,
the origins of the IoT date to the late 1960s. It was then that a group of prominent researchers began
exploring ways to connect computers and systems. A prime example of this work was ARPANET, the
network created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Defense
Department; this network was a forerunner of today’s Internet. In the late 1970s businesses,
governments, and consumers began exploring ways to connect personal computers (PCs) and other
machines to one another. By the 1980s local area networks (LANs) provided an effective and widely
used way to communicate and share documents, data, and other information across a group of PCs in
real time.

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 INTERNET OF THINGS

The future of the Internet of Things :

While the ability to connect physical objects and devices introduces increased efficiencies and,
in some cases, cost savings, scaling up those connection points and networks creates greater possibilities,
though not without some great risks and challenges. Although no one can predict the exact course that
these connected technologies will take, and the challenges and social concerns they may spur, it is clear
that the IoT will continue to have a profound impact on lives and culture in the years ahead.

For example, a smart car that connects with a smartphone can already integrate mapping,
entertainment, voice commands, and other functions that transform the vehicle into a computer on wheels,
but a network of connected vehicles and infrastructure could potentially allow vehicles not only to avoid
crashes while driving but also to “see” around corners and avoid collisions with a bicyclist or a pedestrian.
In addition, sensors in bridges, tunnels, roads, and other infrastructure could indicate when repairs are
necessary or when failure is imminent. Putting such innovations into practice, however, can be
challenging. Current autonomous vehicles, for example, are already burdened with safety concerns and
susceptibility to hackers.

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CHAPTER 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Internet of Things (IoT) internship program provided a comprehensive, hands-on

exploration of embedded systems and cloud integration using the ESP32 microcontroller. The training
began with an introduction to the basics of IoT and ESP32, followed by the setup of the Arduino IDE
and a walkthrough of popular IoT cloud platforms such as Blynk, Firebase, and Thing Speak. Interns
gained a foundational understanding of how to connect and program hardware components while
visualizing real-time data on cloud dashboards.
In the following weeks, practical exposure was delivered through five real-time projects. The
first project focused on Smart Home Automation, where interns interfaced sensors and relays using
ESP32 and controlled them via the Blynk app. This helped them understand the role of cloud-based
mobile interfaces and their integration with hardware components.
The second project involved building a Wi-Fi Weather Station. Interns studied sensor
datasheets, implemented communication protocols like UART and single-wire, and sent live data to
the Thing Speak dashboard, enriching their knowledge in data transmission and visualization.
The third project featured an IoT-based RFID Door Lock System, providing experience with RFID
modules, servo or solenoid actuators, and secure access systems. This was followed by a Gas
Detection/IAQ Monitoring system where interns integrated sensors with MQTT for real-time alerts and
monitoring.
The final project, a Smart Waste Bin, used ultrasonic sensors for level detection, with a timestamped
alert mechanism. Overall, the internship successfully bridged theoretical knowledge with practical
applications, preparing interns for future roles in embedded systems, IoT development, and smart
automation solutions.
Enabling Technologies:
The concept of combining computers, sensors, and networks to monitor and control devices has existed for
decades. The recent confluence of several technology market trends, however, is bringing the Internet of Things
closer to wide spread reality. These include
▪ Ubiquitous Connectivity
▪ Widespread Adoption of IP-based Networking
▪ Computing Economics
▪ Miniaturization
▪ Advances in Data Analytics
▪ Rise of Cloud Computing

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Transformational Potential:
If the projections and trends towards IoT become reality, it may force a shift in thinking about the
implications and issues in a world where the most common interaction with the Internet comes from passive
engagement with connected objects rather than active engagement with content. The potential realization of
this outcome is testament to the general-purpose nature of the Internet architecture itself, which does not place
inherent limitations on the applications or services that can make use of the technology . Five key IoT issue
areasare examined to explore some of the most pressing challenges and questions related to the technology.
These include security; privacy; interoperability and standards; legal, regulatory, and rights; and emerging
economies and development.

Key Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT):

In this interconnected world, one of the most important technologies that have radically changed the
lives of humans with the inducement of automation in all the routine tasks is IoT. Starting from Smart
homes, Smart retail smart wearable, autonomous vehicles and many more. This technology has taken
over the world like a storm. It is IoT technology that has changed the face of technology with smart
driven automation tools and software. As the name suggests, it is an interconnection of things by the
internet. Here these interconnected devices that connect different home appliances like solar panels, CCTV,
laptops, security applications or any automobile object that has sensors and can collect and transmit data
over the network. Without much ado, let’s dive deeper into the details of IoT custom software
development.
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 INTERNET OF THINGS

Objectives:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is aimed at enabling the interconnection and integration of the
physical world and the cyber space. It represents the trend of future networking, and leads the third wave
of the IT industry revolution. IoT covers a wide spectrum of applications, including the detailed real-
time sensing of our environment and the embedding of connected intelligence into everyday objects.
Eventually, almost any thing will be able to have its own verifiable identity, be location-aware, have
the ability to communicate and trade information, become a direct consumer and provider of services,
and have the potential for fully autonomous operation.
The fundamental objective of IoT is to obtain and analyze data from things (devices) that were
previously disconnected from most data processing tools. This data is generated by physical things
(devices) deployed at the very edge of the network - such as motors, light bulbs, generators, pumps,
and relays - that perform specific tasks to support a business process. IoT is about connecting these
unconnected devices (things) and sending their data to the cloud or Internet to be analyzed.
The influence of IoT reaches across an entire ecosystem of things from consumer products to
advanced manufacturing automation solutions. From industry to industry, IoT solutions impact the way
companies design, manufacture, operate, and service products, as well as, redefine and optimize existing
business processes across the value chain.

Outcomes:
➢ IT security

➢ Analytics

➢ Enhancing operational efficiency

➢ Sustainability

➢ Gathering data and insight

Applications of IOT:
➢ Smart city Automotive

➢ Health care Smart homes

➢ Wearables Connected cars

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 INTERNET OF THINGS
CHAPTER 4
INTERNSHIP PART

During this internship, participants gained invaluable practical experience in Internet of Things (IoT)
development using the ESP32 microcontroller platform. The program was carefully structured to provide
a blend of theoretical concepts and hands-on project work, enabling interns to understand the end-to-end
process of designing, programming, and deploying IoT systems.

Interns started by setting up the development environment and learning about various cloud
platforms such as Blynk, Firebase, and Thing Speak, which are essential for remote monitoring and control
in IoT applications. This foundation helped them grasp the importance of cloud connectivity and real-time
data visualization.

Throughout the internship, interns worked on multiple projects that mimicked real-world IoT
scenarios. For example, the smart home automation project introduced them to interfacing sensors and
actuators, using mobile apps to control devices remotely. The weather station project sharpened their
skills in sensor data acquisition, communication protocols, and dashboard creation.

More advanced projects like the RFID door lock system and gas detector exposed interns to security
applications and environmental monitoring, emphasizing integration with communication protocols like
MQTT. The final project on smart waste management enhanced their problem-solving skills by
combining sensor data logging with alert systems, demonstrating practical waste level monitoring.

Besides technical skills, interns developed critical competencies such as troubleshooting, code
debugging, and understanding sensor datasheets. The exposure to cloud platforms, communication
protocols, and device integration equipped interns with a robust skill set aligned with current industry
demands in IoT and embedded systems. Overall, the internship was a valuable stepping stone for those
aspiring to build careers in IoT development and smart technologies.

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 INTERNET OF THINGS
MODULE 1

IOT FUNDAMENTALS:
.

• IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. They
improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IoT utilizes existing and emerging technology for
sensing, networking, and robotics.

• IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. They
improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IoT utilizes existing and emerging technology for
sensing, networking, and robotics.

IoT − Key Features:

The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active
engagement, and small device use. A brief review of these features is given below:
1. AI – IoT essentially makes virtually anything ―smart‖, meaning it enhances every aspect of life with
the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This can mean something as
simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to detect when milk and your favorite cereal run low, and
to then place an order with your preferred grocer.
DEPT.OF ECE 10 SVREC
 INTERNET OF THINGS
.
2. Connectivity – New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT networking, mean
networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a much smaller and
cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small networks between its system devices
3. Sensors – IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which transform
IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
4. Active Engagement – Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens through passive
engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service engagement.
5. Small Devices – Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful over time.
IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and versatility.

Characteristics of IoT:

The fundamental characteristics of the IoT are as follows :

1. Interconnectivity: With regard to the IoT, anything can be interconnected with the global information and
communication infrastructure.

2. Things-related services: The IoT is capable of providing thing-related services within the constraints of
things, such as privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical things and their associated
virtual things. In order to provide thing-related services within the constraints of things, both the technologies
in physical world and information world will change.

3. Heterogeneity: The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous as based on different hardware platforms and
networks. They can interact with other devices or service platforms through different networks.

4. Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected
and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices including location and speed. Moreover, the number of
devices can change dynamically.

5. Enormous scale: The number of devices that need to be managed and that communicate with each other
will be at least an order of magnitude larger than the devices connected to the current Internet.
6. Safety: As we gain benefits from the IoT, we must not forget about safety. As both the creators and
recipients of the IoT, we must design for safety. This includes the safety of our personal data and the safety
of our physical well being. Securing the endpoints, the networks, and the data moving across all of it means
creating a security paradigm that will scale.
7. Connectivity: Connectivity enables network accessibility and compatibility. Accessibility is getting on a
network while compatibility provides the common ability to consume and produce data.

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MODULE 2

Architecture & Enabling technologies for IOT:

IOT architecture consists of different layers of technologies supporting IOT. It serves to illustrate how
various technologies relate to each other and to communicate the scalability, modularity and
configuration of IOT deployments in different scenarios. Figure 4 shows detailed architecture of IOT.
The functionality of each layer is described below :
A. smart device / sensor layer:
The lowest layer is made up of smart objects integrated with sensors. The sensors enable the
interconnection of the physical and digital worlds allowing real-time information to be collected and
processed. There are various types of sensors for different purposes. The sensors have the capacity to take
measurements such as temperature, air quality, speed, humidity, pressure, flow, movement and
electricity etc. In some cases, they may also have a degree of memory, enabling them to record a certain
number of measurements.
B. Gateways and Networks :
Massive volume of data will be produced by these tiny sensors and this requires a robust and high
performance wired or wireless network infrastructure as a transport medium. Current networks, often
tied with very different protocols, have been used to support machine-to-machine (M2M) networks and
their applications. With demand needed to serve a wider range of IOT services and applications such as
high speed transactional services, context- aware applications, etc.
C. Management Service Layer :
The management service renders the processing of information possible through analytics, security
controls, process modeling and management of devices. One of the important features of the management
service layer is the business and process rule engines. IOT brings connection and interaction of objects
and systems together providing information in the form of events or contextual data such as temperature
of goods, current location and traffic data.
D. Application Layer :
The IoT application covers ―smart‖ environments/spaces in domains such as: Transportation, Building,
City, Lifestyle, Retail, Agriculture, Factory, Supply chain, Emergency, Healthcare, User interaction,
Culture and tourism, Environment and Energy.

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ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT :

Internet of things (IoT) is a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services
by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information
and communication technologies. With the Internet of Things the communication is extended via Internet
to all the things that surround us. The Internet of Things is much more than machine to machine
communication, wireless sensor networks, sensor networks , 2G/3G/4G, GSM, GPRS, RFID, WI-FI,
GPS, microcontroller, microprocessor etc. These are considered as being the enabling technologies that
make Internet of Things‖ applications possible.
Enabling technologies for the Internet of Things are considered in and can be grouped into three
categories:
1. Technologies that enable ―things‖ to acquire contextual information,
2. Technologies that enable ―things‖ to process contextual information, and
3. Technologies to improve security and privacy.

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CHAPTER 5: ACTIVITY LOG & WEEKLY REPORT

ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

DAY SIGNATURE OF
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME PERSON IN-CHARGE
THE DAILY ACTIVITY

Day 1 Introduction to IoT concepts, Understand the basics of IoT,

architecture, and applications. its components, and real-
world use cases.

Day 2 Setting up the ESP32 Gain hands-on experience

microcontroller and Arduino IDE with ESP32 setup and
installation. development environment.

Day 3 Overview of popular IoT cloud Learn the features and use
platforms: Blynk, Firebase, cases of different cloud
ThingSpeak. platforms for IoT.

Day 4 Hands-on exploration of Blynk Develop skills in building

platform: creating projects and mobile app interfaces to
interfaces. control IoT devices.

Day 5 Introduction to Firebase and Understand data storage,

ThingSpeak: data storage, visualization, and integration
dashboards, and API integration. techniques for IoT.

Day Group discussion and mini-project Apply learned concepts to

6 on IoT use cases combining ESP32 design a simple IoT
with cloud platforms. application integrating
hardware and cloud services.

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WEEKLY REPORT
Week-1 (12/05/2025 TO 17/05/2025)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Introduction to IoT, ESP32 Setup, and Cloud Platforms Overview (Blynk, Firebase, ThingSpeak)

Detailed Report:

This week’s internship module focused on introducing foundational concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT)
and hands-on experience with the ESP32 microcontroller setup along with cloud platform integration. The
week began with a comprehensive overview of IoT fundamentals, covering its architecture, key
components like sensors, actuators, communication protocols, and typical applications across industries.
Interns developed a clear understanding of how IoT enables smart automation and data-driven decision-
making.

On the second day, the focus shifted to practical skills by setting up the ESP32 development board and
configuring the Arduino IDE, an essential step for embedded programming. Interns installed necessary
drivers and tools, tested initial sample codes, and familiarized themselves with the ESP32’s capabilities
including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity.

Midweek, the training covered popular cloud platforms widely used in IoT projects — Blynk, Firebase,
and ThingSpeak. Interns learned about the unique features of each platform, such as Blynk’s mobile app
interface, Firebase’s real-time database capabilities, and ThingSpeak’s data analytics and visualization
functions.

The fourth day involved hands-on practice with the Blynk platform, where interns created basic projects
that connected the ESP32 to a mobile app for device monitoring and control. This exercise strengthened
their understanding of remote device management and user interface design.

The week concluded with an introduction to Firebase and ThingSpeak platforms, emphasizing data storage,
real-time dashboard creation, and API integration for sending and retrieving sensor data. Interns gained
valuable skills in cloud-based data handling essential for scalable IoT applications. Overall, this week laid
a strong foundation for building connected smart devices and integrating them
with cloud services.

DEPT.OF ECE 15 SVREC

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SIGNATURE OF PERSON

LEARNING OUTCOME
THE DAILY ACTIVITY IN-CHARGE

Day 1 Introduction to smart home Understand the essential

automation concepts and hardware components and their
overview of required roles in home automation.
components (sensors, relays,
microcontrollers).

Day 2 Interfacing sensors and Gain practical skills in

actuators with ESP32; reading hardware integration and
datasheets and wiring circuits. understanding datasheet
specifications.

Day 3 Programming ESP32 to control Develop proficiency in writing

devices and read sensor data; and troubleshooting embedded
debugging code. code for automation.

Day 4 Integrating ESP32 with the Learn how to create mobile

Blynk app for remote app interfaces and connect
monitoring and control. them to IoT devices.

Day 5 Final system integration, testing Achieve hands-on experience

of the entire smart home setup, in deploying a functional smart
and performance evaluation. home system and validating its
reliability.

Day Hands-on practice with MQTT Gain practical knowledge of

6
and HTTP protocols using IoT communication protocols
ESP32. and their implementation.

DEPT.OF ECE 16 SVREC

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WEEKLY REPORT
Week – 2 (From 19/05/2025 to 24/05/2025)
Objective of the Activity Done:
Smart Home Automation: Components, Interfacing, Blynk Integration, and Final Testing

Detailed Report:

This week’s internship module centered on the design and implementation of a Smart Home Automation
system using the ESP32 microcontroller and Blynk cloud platform. The week began with an introduction
to smart home concepts, where interns learned about the various components involved, such as sensors,
relays, and microcontrollers. They explored the roles of each component and how they contribute to
automating home appliances for enhanced convenience and energy efficiency.

On the second day, interns engaged in hands-on activities to interface these hardware components with
the ESP32 board. They studied datasheets to understand specifications and wiring requirements, gaining
practical skills in setting up circuits for sensors and actuators. This reinforced their ability to translate
theoretical knowledge into physical implementations.

Midweek focused on programming the ESP32 to read sensor inputs and control connected devices. Interns
wrote embedded C/C++ code using the Arduino IDE, learning debugging techniques to troubleshoot
common issues. This phase helped them build confidence in developing reliable automation code.

The fourth day introduced integration with the Blynk mobile app. Interns connected their ESP32 devices
to the cloud platform, creating user-friendly interfaces for remote device control and monitoring. This
exposure to cloud-based IoT management highlighted the importance of seamless connectivity and user
experience.

The week culminated in final system integration and comprehensive testing of the smart home setup.
Interns conducted functional and performance evaluations to ensure stability and responsiveness. Overall,
this week provided a solid foundation in building practical IoT automation solutions, blending hardware
interfacing, embedded programming, and cloud integration skills.

DEPT.OF ECE 17 SVREC

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SIGNATURE OF PERSON

LEARNING OUTCOME
THE DAILY ACTIVITY IN-CHARGE

Day 1 Introduction to weather station Understand sensor

project and overview of sensors specifications, functionality,
used; detailed study of sensor and selection criteria.
datasheets.

Day 2 Implementing communication Gain hands-on experience with

protocols: single-wire protocol sensor communication
and UART interface for sensor methods and data acquisition.
data reading.

Day 3 Programming ESP32 to collect Develop skills in embedded

sensor data and perform serial programming and real-time
monitoring for debugging. data verification.

Day 4 Connecting ESP32 to Learn cloud data uploading

ThingSpeak platform; sending techniques and visualization
sensor data to cloud and through dashboards.
creating dashboards.

Day 5 Testing and fine-tuning the Acquire experience in system

complete weather station integration, performance
system; validating data evaluation, and
accuracy and reliability. troubleshooting.

Day 6 Building a small IoT project Understand sensor interfacing

integrating multiple sensors and real-time data acquisition.
(temperature, humidity,
motion).

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WEEKLY REPORT
Week – 3 (From 26/05/2025 to 31/05/2025)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Wi-Fi Weather Station: Sensor Datasheets, Protocols, ThingSpeak Dashboard, and Testing

Detailed Report:
This week’s module focused on the development of a Wi-Fi Weather Station using the ESP32
microcontroller, sensor integration, communication protocols, and cloud data visualization.
The week began with an introduction to the weather station project, where interns studied the specific
sensors involved, such as temperature and humidity sensors, through detailed datasheet analysis. This
enabled them to understand key parameters, operating conditions, and wiring requirements critical for
accurate data collection.

On the second day, the training emphasized communication protocols used by sensors, primarily the
single-wire protocol and UART interface. Interns implemented these protocols practically to establish
reliable data transfer between sensors and the ESP32, gaining hands-on experience with low-level
communication techniques.

Midweek sessions were dedicated to programming the ESP32 to collect sensor data and using serial
monitoring tools for real-time debugging and data verification. This phase enhanced
interns’ embedded programming capabilities and their ability to troubleshoot issues during sensor
interfacing.

The fourth day introduced cloud integration using the ThingSpeak platform. Interns learned how to
upload sensor data to the cloud, configure data channels, and design intuitive dashboards for real-time
monitoring and analysis of weather parameters.

The week concluded with comprehensive system testing and fine-tuning to validate the
weather station’s accuracy, reliability, and overall performance. Interns engaged in troubleshooting and
optimization to ensure data consistency and responsiveness. This module provided a complete
understanding of sensor interfacing, communication protocols, cloud data management, and system
validation, equipping interns with practical skills to build and deploy
IoT-based environmental monitoring solutions.

DEPT.OF ECE 19 SVREC

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

SIGNATURE
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME OF PERSON
THE DAILY ACTIVITY IN-CHARGE

Day 1 Introduction to IoT door lock Understand RFID principles

systems; overview of RFID and different lock actuation
technology and lock mechanisms methods.
(servo motor, solenoid).

Day 2 Interfacing RFID reader and lock Gain practical skills in

components with ESP32; circuit hardware integration for
design and wiring. security systems.

Day 3 Programming ESP32 for RFID Develop ability to write

authentication and controlling embedded code for secure
lock mechanisms; code access control.
walkthrough.

Day 4 Adding visual feedback elements Learn how to implement user

(LED, buzzer) for lock status feedback mechanisms in IoT
indication. devices.

Day 5 Final system integration, testing, Acquire experience in

and debugging of the complete validating and
IoT door lock setup. troubleshooting security IoT
systems.
Day 6 Implementing data logging and Learn techniques to store,
visualization on cloud dashboards retrieve, and visualize IoT
(Firebase/ThingSpeak). data.

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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 4 (From 02/06/2025 to 07/06/2025)

Objective of the Activity Done:

IoT-Based Door Lock System: RFID Integration, Lock Mechanism, Visual Feedback, and Code Flow

Detailed Report:

This week’s internship focused on designing and implementing an IoT-based door lock system using
RFID technology, ESP32 microcontroller, and lock actuation mechanisms. The week began with an
introduction to the fundamental concepts of RFID, including how RFID tags and readers communicate
wirelessly, as well as an overview of common lock mechanisms such as servo motors and solenoids used
for physical locking and unlocking. Interns gained theoretical knowledge of secure access control
systems.

On the second day, the practical aspect of the project commenced with hardware interfacing. Interns
connected the RFID reader and lock components to the ESP32 board, designing circuits and wiring the
modules correctly. This hands-on experience enhanced their understanding of embedded system
hardware integration, especially for security applications.

Midweek activities concentrated on programming the ESP32 to read RFID tags and authenticate users.
Interns wrote and debugged embedded code to control the lock mechanism based on authentication
results. This phase developed their skills in writing secure, event- driven embedded software.

The fourth day focused on implementing visual feedback elements such as LEDs and buzzers, which
indicate the lock’s status (locked, unlocked, access granted, or denied). Interns learned how to enhance
user experience by providing clear real-time feedback through hardware indicators.

The week concluded with final system integration, thorough testing, and debugging. Interns validated the
functionality, security, and reliability of the complete IoT door lock system, troubleshooting issues to
ensure smooth operation. This comprehensive module equipped interns with knowledge and practical
skills in IoT security systems, embedded programming,
and hardware-software integration.

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

SIGNATURE
OF PERSON
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING OUTCOME
THE DAILY ACTIVITY IN-CHARGE

Day Introduction to gas detection Understand IAQ importance

1
and indoor air quality (IAQ) and sensor characteristics for
monitoring concepts; gas detection.
overview of gas sensors and
their specifications.

Day Interfacing gas sensors and Gain hands-on skills in sensor

2
LEDs with ESP32; hardware and indicator integration with
setup and wiring. microcontrollers.

Day Introduction to MQTT Learn IoT communication

3
protocol; programming ESP32 using MQTT for real-time
to publish sensor data via data transmission.
MQTT.

Day Configuring MQTT broker Develop ability to set up IoT

4
and subscribing to sensor communication infrastructure
data; monitoring IAQ and cloud data reception.
remotely.

Day Comprehensive testing and Acquire experience in system

5
debugging of gas detection validation, troubleshooting,
and IAQ monitoring system. and performance evaluation.

Day Workshop on IoT security Acquire awareness of IoT

6
practices: authentication, security issues and methods
encryption, and secure to secure devices and data.
communication.

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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-5(From 09/06/2025 to 14/06/2025)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Gas Detection & IAQ Monitoring: Sensor Interfacing, MQTT Protocol, and Functional Testing

Detailed Report:

This week’s internship module focused on developing a Gas Detection and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller, gas sensors, and MQTT communication protocol.
The week began with an introduction to the importance of IAQ and gas detection in ensuring safe and
healthy environments. Interns studied the working principles and specifications of various gas sensors to
understand their application scope and sensitivity levels.

On the second day, interns gained practical experience by interfacing gas sensors and visual indicators
such as LEDs with the ESP32 board. This hands-on hardware setup involved correct wiring, power
considerations, and signal reading techniques, which strengthened their embedded system integration
skills.

Midweek sessions introduced the MQTT protocol, a lightweight messaging protocol widely used in IoT
for real-time data transmission. Interns programmed the ESP32 to publish sensor readings to an MQTT
broker, enabling efficient and reliable communication between devices and cloud services.

The fourth day focused on configuring the MQTT broker, subscribing to sensor data, and setting up
remote monitoring dashboards. Interns learned how to establish a robust IoT infrastructure to track IAQ
metrics in real time from any location, highlighting the significance of cloud connectivity.

The week concluded with comprehensive testing and debugging of the entire IAQ monitoring system.
Interns evaluated sensor accuracy, communication stability, and system responsiveness, troubleshooting
issues to enhance reliability. This module equipped interns with valuable skills in sensor interfacing, IoT
communication protocols, cloud integration, and system validation, preparing them to develop advanced
environmental monitoring solutions
using IoT technologies.

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SIGNATURE OF PERSON

LEARNING OUTCOME
THE DAILY ACTIVITY IN-CHARGE

Day 1 Introduction to smart waste Understand ultrasonic sensing

management; overview of and its applications in distance
ultrasonic sensors and their measurement.
working principles.
Day 2 Interfacing ultrasonic sensor with Gain practical skills in sensor
ESP32; circuit setup and integration and calibration
calibration for accurate distance techniques.
measurement.
Day 3 Programming ESP32 to measure Learn embedded programming
waste bin fill level; implementing for data acquisition and real-
data logging with timestamps. time logging.

Day 4 Developing alert system to notify Understand event-driven alert

when the bin is full; integrating mechanisms and user
buzzer/LED notifications. notifications.

Day 5 Final integration and testing of the Acquire experience in system

complete smart waste bin system; validation, troubleshooting, and
debugging and performance integration of IoT projects.
optimization.
Day 6 Hands-on activity with edge Learn how to run lightweight
processing (ESP32 running ML ML models on IoT edge
models). devices.

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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-6(From 16/06/2025 to 21/06/2025)
Objective of the Activity Done: Smart Waste Bin: Ultrasonic Sensor Setup, Waste Logging, Alerts,
and Project Integration

Detailed Report:

This week’s internship centered on developing a Smart Waste Bin system utilizing ultrasonic sensor
technology, real-time data logging, alert mechanisms, and full project integration using the ESP32
microcontroller. The week began with an introduction to smart waste management concepts and the
operational principles of ultrasonic sensors. Interns learned how these sensors measure distance by emitting
and receiving sound waves, which is critical for detecting waste bin fill levels.

On the second day, the focus shifted to hands-on hardware work by interfacing the ultrasonic sensor with
the ESP32 board. Interns set up the circuit and calibrated the sensor to ensure accurate and reliable distance
measurements. This practical session enhanced their understanding of sensor integration and calibration
best practices.

Midweek, interns programmed the ESP32 to continuously monitor the waste bin’s fill level by capturing
distance data. They implemented data logging functionality that records fill levels with precise timestamps,
laying the foundation for historical analysis and monitoring.

The fourth day was dedicated to developing an alert system that notifies users when the waste bin reaches
its full capacity. Interns integrated visual and audio notifications such as LEDs and buzzers to signal the
alert, learning to design event-driven mechanisms that enhance user responsiveness.

The week concluded with comprehensive integration and testing of the entire smart waste bin system.
Interns conducted debugging and performance optimization to ensure seamless operation and accuracy.
This project equipped them with valuable skills in sensor interfacing, embedded programming, IoT data
management, and system integration, preparing them to build
efficient and responsive IoT-based environmental solutions.

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR SEVENTH WEEK

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
SIGNATURE OF PERSON
DAY THE DAILY ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME IN-CHARGE

Day 1 Understood IoT basics, scope,

Introduction to Internet of
and real-world applications.
Things (IoT) – Concept,
Applications, and Architecture.

Day 2 Learned how devices

Studied IoT communication
exchange data in IoT
protocols (MQTT, CoAP,
ecosystems.
HTTP).

Day 3 Gained skills in sensor

Hands-on practice with IoT
interfacing and data collection.
sensors (temperature, humidity).

Day 4 Practical session on connecting Learned: Hardware-Software

sensors to microcontrollers integration in IoT
(Arduino/ESP32).

Day 5 Prepared summary of IoT Improved presentation and

fundamentals and presented documentation skills in IoT
findings. context.

Day 6 Team project development Enhance teamwork and

session: integrating hardware, project development skills in
software, and cloud for IoT IoT systems.
solution.

DEPT.OF ECE 26 SVREC

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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-7(From 22/06/2025 to 27/06/2025)

Objective of the Activity Done: To understand the fundamentals of the Internet of Things, explore
communication protocols, and practice sensor integration with microcontrollers.

Detailed Report:

In Week 7, I was introduced to the concept of IoT, its applications in smart homes, healthcare, and
industry. I studied different IoT communication protocols such as MQTT and CoAP, which are widely
used for device-to-device communication. Midweek, I worked on sensors like temperature and humidity
to understand how raw data is collected from the environment. Later, I practiced connecting these sensors
to microcontrollers (Arduino/ESP32), which gave me practical knowledge of hardware-software
interfacing. The week concluded with preparing and presenting a summary of IoT fundamentals. This
week helped me build a strong foundation in IoT concepts and hands-on applications.

During the seventh week of my internship, I was introduced to the fundamental concepts of the Internet
of Things (IoT). The week began with an overview session on the scope of IoT and its applications in
areas such as smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, and industrial automation. This provided me with a
solid understanding of how IoT enables connectivity between devices and facilitates intelligent decision-
making based on real-time data.

In the following sessions, I explored different IoT communication protocols like MQTT, CoAP, and
HTTP. These protocols are essential for seamless data exchange between IoT devices, gateways, and
cloud platforms. Alongside the theory, I engaged in practical exercises where I worked with basic sensors
such as temperature and humidity sensors. This helped me understand the role of sensors as the backbone
of IoT systems for data collection.

DEPT.OF ECE 31 SVREC

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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE EIGHTH WEEK

SIGNATURE
OF
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING OUTCOME PERSON
OF THE DAILY IN-CHARGE
ACTIVITY
Day 1 Introduction to IoT cloud Understood cloud-based IoT
platforms (Thingspeak, AWS data storage and processing.
IoT, Google Cloud IoT).

Day 2 Worked on sending sensor data Learned how IoT devices

to cloud platforms. communicate with cloud
services.

Day 3 Practiced IoT data visualization Gained experience in

using dashboards. monitoring and analyzing IoT
data.

Day 4 Explored IoT security Understood security issues and

challenges (data privacy, device solutions in IoT networks.
authentication).

Day 5 Weekly review and Improved reporting,

documentation of cloud IoT documentation, and analysis
experiments. skills

Day 6 Final project demonstration and Showcase complete IoT

presentation of IoT prototypes. solutions and develop
presentation skills.

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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK-8(From 28/06/2025 to 03/07/2025)
Objective of the Activity Done: To gain hands-on experience with IoT cloud platforms, understand
data visualization, and explore IoT security challenges.

Detailed Report:

Week 8 focused on cloud integration in IoT. The week began with an introduction to various IoT cloud
platforms such as Thing speak, AWS IoT, and Google Cloud IoT. I practiced sending sensor data to the
cloud and monitoring it in real time. Later, I learned to create dashboards for data visualization, which
enhanced my ability to analyze IoT data trends effectively. Towards the end of the week, I explored IoT
security aspects, including authentication and encryption, which are essential for protecting devices and
data. Finally, I documented all experiments and prepared a weekly report. This week strengthened my
knowledge of IoT cloud applications and emphasized the importance of data security.

In the eighth week, the focus shifted towards IoT cloud platforms and their importance in storing,
processing, and analyzing data. I was introduced to platforms like Thingspeak, AWS IoT, and Google
Cloud IoT, which provide services for real-time monitoring and remote device management. This
introduction gave me insight into how IoT systems leverage cloud technology to scale effectively and
provide meaningful analytics.

During the midweek sessions, I carried out practical activities where I sent sensor data from
microcontrollers to the cloud. I also worked on creating dashboards to visualize the collected data in real
time. This exercise gave me a better appreciation of how cloud-based monitoring can be used for
applications like predictive maintenance, environmental monitoring, and smart city development. Data
visualization also helped me understand patterns and trends in the sensor readings.

Towards the end of the week, I studied IoT security aspects, including data privacy, device
authentication, and common vulnerabilities. I realized that while IoT offers many advantages, security
remains one of the biggest challenges in its widespread adoption. By documenting my experiments and
preparing a weekly report, I improved my ability to communicate technical findings effectively. This
week significantly strengthened my understanding of cloud integration in IoT and highlighted the
importance of security in real-world deployments.

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CHAPTER 6
OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. They
improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IoT utilizes existing and emerging technology for sensing,
networking, and robotics.
IoT exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices, and modern attitudes towards technology.
Its new and advanced elements bring major changes in the delivery of products, goods, and services; and the
social, economic, and political impact of those changes.

IT Security:
This is probably the most overlooked requirement that all buildings need to consider. Security related
to IoT should be a specification item as buildings are designed and then technologies selected. A fuller
description of the different needs are beyond the scope of this article, but here are a few tips if you are tempted
to deploy an uncertain technology:
• Does the manufacturer have domain expertise in IT security?
• What is inside the IoT device? (i.e. open source software, web servers, and 3rd party software)
• How often is the IoT device maintained? (i.e. does the manufacturer provide any risk mitigation)
• Does the manufacturer regularly update its end users, (i.e. contractors may be providing these, are the
updates timely)?
• What are the connectivity options? (e.g. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee…each brings its own security
paradigm)
• If the device is web based, what is the user authentication paradigm? (2-step authentication is becoming
more popular as passwords can be cracked with brute force algorithms.)
• At a minimum, the systems should deploy strong passwords, with expiring credentials. Passwords should
never be sent in clear text that could be easily intercepted by simple free TCP/IP scanning software.

Facility Maintenance :

IoT devices may offer new and interesting ways to interact with building systems and provide insight
into building operations. It’s important to keep in mind that the user needs to be adequately prepared to
monitor, troubleshoot, and service the IoT devices. Facility managers sometimes face stretched budgets and
may be unable or unwilling to commit to ongoing service contracts.
• If the IoT devices use batteries, do they have adequate warning detection and preventative.

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• Are the spare parts readily available and have they been budgeted for at the time of acquisition?
• Does the manufacturer provide comprehensive training for setup, operation, and troubleshooting? Is
there an added cost?
• How long does the system or technology get support for?

Economics of IoT:

IoT technology can be acquired as a subscription based system often referred to as SaaS (or
subscription as a service) or as an on-premise technology where the customer purchases the software or
hardware outright and owns the licensing.
• Subscription models can get the users into new technology at a reduced entry price and can get feature
updates very quickly as the system is maintained by the provider. For some users, their budgets may
not be amenable to subscription models. In some cases, subscription prices may increase as users are
added to the system.
• Subscription providers may require end-user intellectual property or sensitive data to be held outside
the enterprise. For end users such as banks, healthcare, military, and government this may not be
permissible.
• On-premise products are usually provided with a fixed cost for installation and startup. In some cases,
this may result in unexpected product and labor costs when new software versions become available.

Open & Standard Protocols:

In order to get the best out of IoT, it needs to coexist with the building systems, and not act as a silo of
information like a standalone system. IoT devices should interoperate with known standards and protocols
used with building systems. Standards assure the systems operate in predictable ways that facilitate better
security, connectivity, and integration.
Standards come in a few varieties, so here are the common ones used in buildings for the last 20 years.
• BACnet (Standard and Open Protocol) is the building automation and control protocol that is open
(meaning anyone can develop for it) and standardized by ANSI Standard 135-2012 – BACnet-A Data
Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks.
• Modbus (Open Protocol), is an open standard put forward by an organization that anyone can develop
on, there are rules for implementers, but no certification or standards body that governs it.
• N2, Niagara AX & Sedona (Manufacturer Protocol), these are manufacturer created protocols that are
sometimes free and open to develop but may have licensing restrictions or costs to deploy.

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Describe the managerial skills you have acquired (in terms of planning, leadership,
team work, behaviour, workmanship, productive use of time, weekly improvement in
competencies, goal setting, decision making, performance analysis, etc.

Through my experience with cloud virtual environments, I have developed a diverse set of managerial
skills. A key area is strategic planning, where I've refined my ability to create and implement cloud adoption
strategies that align with overarching business objectives, facilitating seamless migration and optimal resource
utilization. I have also become skilled at leading cross- functional teams, promoting collaboration among
developers, operations personnel, security experts, and other stakeholders to ensure cohesive cloud deployment
and management.
In project management, I have applied Agile and DevOps methodologies to ensure efficient execution of
cloud initiatives, emphasizing continuous integration and deployment. This includes managing risks
associated with cloud projects, such as potential security breaches or budget overruns, and developing
strategies to mitigate these risks. Effective budgeting and resource allocation have been crucial, as I have
learned to manage cloud project budgets, ensuring expenditures remain controlled while achieving desired
outcomes.
In governance and compliance, I have established and enforced frameworks to guarantee that cloud
usage is secure and adheres to industry standards and organizational policies. This involves developing
policies for data security, access management, and incident response. Monitoring and reporting are also
essential components of my role, where I have established key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the
effectiveness of cloud operations and prepared detailed reports on performance, costs, and return on
investment.
Cost management has been a significant focus, as I have implemented best practices to optimize cloud
spending while balancing performance requirements with budget constraints. This has included developing
budget forecasts that align with financial planning and organizational goals

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CHAPTER -7
CONCLUSION

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or people called “things” that are
embedded with software, electronics, network, and sensors which allows these objects to collect and
exchange data. The actual idea of connected devices was proposed in 1970 and since then it is evolving still.
While we come to the end, IoT holds the lives of the human being straightforward and satisfactory. It
has made the lives of the people very useful. Whereas on the other hand with the increased use of the Internet
of Things the treat for security and safety has also improve. So we should be concerned while giving the
details on the Internet platform. Fusion informatics is a web, mobile and best IoT App Development
Companies in Atlanta specializing in the development of challenging and complex projects. Since 2000,
we’ve delivered compelling solutions for such companies as Bosch, Lenovo, Bharat Petroleum, Reliance,
Tarde bulls and others.

Future:
IoT enabled devices are becoming a part of the mainstream electronics culture and people are adopting
smart devices into their homes faster than ever. The researchers at International Data Corporation (IDC)
estimate that by 2020 there will be 25 billion connected devices to the internet. IoT devices will be a huge
part of how we interact with basic everyday objects.
According to Gartner Inc., consumer applications will drive the number of connected things, while
enterprise will account for most of the revenue. IoT adoption is growing, with manufacturing and utilities
estimated to have the largest installed base of Things by 2020.

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REFERNECES

1. Sigfox, About Sigfox, 2016. Available: http://makers.sigfox.com/.

2. Sigfox, Sigfox Coverage, 2016. Available: http://www.sigfox.com/coverage.
3. LoRa Alliance, LoRa Alliance Wide Area Networks for IoT, 2016. Available: https://www.lora-
alliance.org/.
4. LoRa Alliance Technical Marketing Workgroup 1.0, LoRaWAN, What Is it?, A Technical Overview
of LoRa and LoRaWAN, White Paper, November 2015.
5. E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, J. Sko¨ld, 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press,
Oxford, 2011.

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Student Self Evaluation of the Short-Term Internship

Student Name :

Term of Internship :

Date of Evaluation :

Organization Name & Address :

Name & Address of the :

supervisor with mobile Number

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: Letter grade of CGPA calculation to be provided

1) Oral Communication 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written Communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Initiative 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction with staff 1 2 3 4 5

5) Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Dependability 1 2 3 4 5
7) Abilityto learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Planning and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work 1 2 3 4 5

12) Productivity 1 2 3 4 5

13) Progress of learning 1 2 3 4 5

14) Adaptabilityto organization’s culture/policies 1 2 3 4 5

15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Signature of the Student

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Evaluation by the supervisor of the intern organization
Student Name :

Term of Internship :

Date of Evaluation :

Organization Name & Address :

Name & Address of the :

supervisor with mobile Number

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the student’s self-evaluation
Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Initiative 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction with staff 1 2 3 4 5

5) Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Dependability 1 2 3 4 5
7) Abilityto learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Planning and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work 1 2 3 4 5

12) Productivity 1 2 3 4 5
13) Progress of learning 1 2 3 4 5

14) Adaptability to organization’s culture/policies 1 2 3 4 5

15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Signature of the Supervisor

DEPT.OF ECE 37 SVREC