STATE TESTING CENTRE UNDER

VAZIRLAR MAHKAMASI THE CABINET OF MINISTERS

HUZURIDAGI OF THE REPUBLIC OF
DAVLAT TEST MARKAZI UZBEKISTAN

CHET TILLARNI BILISH VA EGALLASH DARAJASINI BAHOLASH MILLIY

TIZIMI
CHET TILLARI SERTIFIKATI
TIL: INGLIZ

NATIONAL SYSTEM
OF ASSESSMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
CERTIFICATE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

LISTENING

FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVIGILATORS!

AT THE END OF THE PAPER, THE QUESTION PAPER WILL BE
COLLECTED BY THE INVIGILATOR.
NO MATERIALS CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM.
DO NOT OPEN THE QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO!

Please write your full name here: Please sign here:

______________________________________ ________________
(Signature)
 LISTENING TEST
Part 1

You will hear some sentences. Choose the best reply to each sentence.

A
1 B

2 B

3 B

4 B

C
 A

5 B

6 B

7 B

8 B

C
 Part 2

Listen and complete the gap with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR/AND A NUMBER for
each answer

HIGHDOWN COLLEGE
Accommodation Office at the college 9___________________
Opening hours – term time:
Monday – Friday
9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
(Holidays: Monday and 10___________________ mornings only)
Emergency No. 11___________________
College Facilities
Learning Resource Center – over 50,000 library books 50 12___________________
Snacks (including sandwiches and 13___________________) – in The Hungry Café on the
first floor.
Hot meals – in The Food Hall on the ground floor next to the 14___________________
Pub Lunch – in the Students’ Bar

Part 3

You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about astronomy. For
questions 15-19, choose from the list (A-H) why each speaker decided to get involved in
astronomy.Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to
use.
A. I was inspired by an educational visit.
B. I was looking for an interest that would challenge me.
15.Speaker 1____
C. Something I read made me curious about astronomy.
16.Speaker 2____
D. It gave me the chance to be part of an online community.
17.Speaker 3____
E. My friends were already interested in astronomy.
18.Speaker 4____
F. I realised it was something I could do while travelling.
19.Speaker 5____
G. Astronomy can help improve life on earth.
H. A relative of mine was passionate about astronomy.
 Part 4

Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 20-24.

20.Pizza____
21.Electric vehicle charging station ____
22.Town Hall ____
23.Parking ____
24.Diner ____
 Part 5

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 24-29, choose the answer (A, В or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

Extract One: You hear two students talking about a work-experience scheme they took part
in.

24.Why does the girl regret her choice of company?

A. The office was poorly equipped.
B. The staff tended to ignore her.
C. The work lacked variety.
25.They both think that the work-experience scheme has
A. been good preparation for a future job
B. made them appreciate student life more
C. taught them a lot about the business world

Extract Two: You hear part of a discussion programme in which two journalists are talking
about the world's wetlands.

26.What does the man think about wetlands?

A. They would benefit from more visitors.
B. Their beauty is artistically important.
C. They serve only a limited purpose
27.What is the woman doing'?
A. explaining how easily wetlands can be restored
B. suggesting why wetlands are disappearing
C. describing the way wetlands are exploited

Extract Three: You overhear a woman showing a friend one of her childhood photos.

28.What point is she making about the photo?

A. It is an accurate portrait of her family life then.
B. It looks more posed than she remembers.
C. It perfectly captures a brief moment.
29.As a result of looking at the photo. she realises that
A. possessions acquire a significance beyond their practical usefulness.
B. it's a mistake to become too attached to objects.
C. objects from that era lasted longer.
 Part 6

You will hear a radio report about panic attacks. For questions 30-35, complete the
sentences.

PANIC ATTACK
People tend to have a panic attack when their brain tells them they
are in a 30___________
The first sign of a panic attack is often an abnormal beating
of31___________
lt may be useful to keep a diary of any 32___________ you have so
that you can analyse them.
You should not 33___________ from places that cause you to panic.
If you tense and relax all your 34____________ your whole body will
actively relax.
Holding a 35____________ to your face can help you breathe during
an attack.
 READING TEST
Part 1

Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE or TWO word(s). You must use a word which is
somewhere in the rest of the text.

The ants and their agriculture have been extensively studied over the years, but the recent
research has uncovered intriguing new findings about the fungus they cultivate, how they
domesticated it and how they 1______________ it and preserve it from pathogens. For
example, the fungus farms, which the ants were thought to keep free of pathogens, turn
out to be vulnerable to a devastating mold, found nowhere else but in ants’ nests. To keep
the 2______________ in check, the ants long ago made a discovery that would do credit to
any pharmaceutical laboratory.

Fungus growing seems to have originated only once in evolution, because all gardening ants
belong to a single tribe, the descendants of the first fungus farmer. There are more than
200 known species of the attine ant tribe, divided into 12 groups, or genera. The leaf-
cutters use fresh vegetation; the other groups, known as the lower 3______________s
because their nests are smaller and their techniques more primitive, feed their gardens
with detritus like dead leaves, insects and feces.

The leaf-cutters’ fungus was indeed descended from a single strain, propagated clonally, or
just by budding, for at least 23 million years. But the lower attine ants used different
varieties of the fungus

Evidently the ants usually manage to keep Escovopsis and other parasites under control.
But with any lapse in control, or if the ants are removed, 4______________ will quickly
burst forth. Although new leaf-cutter gardens start off free of Escovopsis, within two years
some 60 percent become infected. The discovery of Escovopsis’s role brings a new level of
understanding to the evolution of the attine ants. “In the last decade, evolutionary
biologists have been increasingly aware of the role of parasites as driving forces in
evolution,” Dr. Schultz said. There is now a possible reason to explain why the lower attine
species keep changing the variety of 5______________ in their mushroom gardens, and
occasionally domesticating new ones— to stay one step ahead of the relentless Escovopsis.

Interestingly, Mr. Currie found that the leaf-cutters had in general fewer alien molds in their
gardens than the lower attines, yet they had more Escovopsis infections. It seems that the
price they pay for cultivating a pure variety of fungus is a higher risk from Escovopsis. But
the 6______________ may have little alternative: they cultivate a special variety of fungus
which, unlike those grown by the lower attines, produces nutritious swollen tips for the
ants to eat.

Part 2

There are descriptions of ten shows & films. Decide which show or film (letters A to J)
would be the most suitable for you described below.

7. You are looking for a cartoon film to watch with your young cousin, Tom. You enjoy films
which make you laugh. It mustn't be longer than an hour because Tom gets bored
quickly.
8. You are interested in history and like watching documentaries which contain parts of
real films showing how people used to live in different parts of the world.
9. You enjoy pop music and for your birthday you want to watch a DVD with your friends.
You are looking for a new musical which has some of the latest songs in it.
10.You want to watch an action film which has won a prize. You don't mind if it's new or old
but it should have a good story and be exciting.
11.You want to find a DVD to watch with your grandfather, who loves old comedy films.
You want to see one which has some famous actors in it.
12.You would like to go to a show that's funny and is about a real person. You are looking
for one with some music in it, but with more speaking than singing.
13.You want to see a musical show which contains lots of special effects and would like to
watch it in an unusual place. You would like to see a love story.
14.You want to go to a show that's a bit frightening. You would like to see a story set in the
past and realistic costumes from the period.

A. Two Weeks and a Day is about a group of students on holiday together in South
America. The students are actually the band Sound Machine and the story is created
using the lyrics of their recent hits. They perform them perfectly but they will never be
famous for their acting.
B. The Last Chance is about a spy who gets discovered but manages to escape. It involves
helicopters, speed boats and a fantastic car chase. Not everything goes as planned and
the two hours will be over before you notice. It came first in the National Film Awards.
C. In the Clouds is a cartoon film about a car which goes on a journey without a driver.
There is plenty of action as the car gets into some very difficult situations. It is exciting to
watch at first but two hours is too long. There is some excellent music written specially
for the film.
D. By the Ocean won a prize when it came out because it showed for the first time what it
was like to live on an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean in the first half of last
century. Through interviews and film of daily life as it was then, we see people farming,
fishing, cooking and enjoying themselves.
E. Up and Away was a very popular film over fifty years ago and it won several prizes. The
main actors were very well known then and the film is still entertaining. It appeals to all
ages and will keep you laughing all the way through.
F. Rabbit Run is another cartoon about a rabbit called Rob. The earlier ones were very
short but this one lasts about 45 minutes. Rob has all kinds of adventures and there are
many amusing moments. You will recognise some of the voices as they are read by some
famous actors.
G. Mary Wright The two well-known lead actors in this 16th-century drama are
surprisingly good dancers, and the music creates quite a scary atmosphere. The clothes
by top designer Jean Luc Filbert are historically accurate and look absolutely wonderful.
H. The Final Whistle If you're tired of serious dramas and dull love stories, why not give
this laugh-a-minute show a try? The true story of basketball player Andy Hammond is
cleverly told. Despite being advertised as a musical show, it actually has very few songs.
You'll love all the brilliant jokes and entertaining conversations.
I. No Exit With its use of film and advanced technology to make it seem like the
characters appear in two places at once, this spectacular musical starts off as an old-
fashioned ghost story but quickly turns into a highly entertaining romantic comedy. The
fact that the show is performed in an old factory building only adds to the enjoyment.
J. Keeping Time Keeping Time is based on the real-life story of the popular group
Marcellous, and includes their best work. We see how having members from three
different continents allowed them to create songs using music from each place.
Unusually, there's ballet in this show, but it goes surprisingly well with their music.
 Part 3

Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings
below.

There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them. You cannot use
any heading more than once.

List of headings
A. A multicultural megacity
B. An undeserved notoriety for showers
C. From ancient beginnings
D. An urban oasis
E. The scope of the city
F. From palaces to skyscrapers
G. Is London the global culture capital?
H. A prodigious offering for visitors
I. Global markets and international finance

15.Paragraph 1___
16.Paragraph 2___
17.Paragraph 3___
18.Paragraph 4___
19.Paragraph 5___
20.Paragraph 6___

THE CITY OF LONDON, ENGLAND

1. London, also referred to as Greater London, is one of nine regions of England and the
top-level subdivision covering most of the city's metropolis. The small ancient City of
London at its core once comprised the whole settlement, but as its urban area grew, the
Corporation of London resisted attempts to amalgamate the city with its suburbs,
causing "London" to be defined in a number of ways for different purposes. Forty per
cent of Greater London is covered by the London post town, within which 'LONDON'
 forms part of postal addresses. The Greater London boundary has been aligned to the
M25 motorway in places.
2. London is one of the leading global cities in the arts, commerce, education,
entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and
development, tourism and transportation. London is often regarded as a world cultural
capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and it is
the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and
ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. In 2012, London became the first
city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
3. London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are
spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2016 municipal population (corresponding to
Greater London) was 8,787,892, accounting for 13.4% of the UK population. The city's
metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016,
while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a
large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city
from around 1831 to 1925.
4. London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site
comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church.
Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's
Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and the Shard. London is home to numerous
museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including
the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British
Library and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground
railway network in the world.
5. London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor
to the UK's balance of payments. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any
other city in the world. It is also the world's biggest currency trading centre, accounting
for some 37 percent of the $5.1 trillion average daily volume, according to the BIS. Over
half of the UK's top 100 listed companies (the FTSE 100) and over 100 of Europe's 500
largest companies have their headquarters in central London.
6. London has a temperate oceanic climate, similar to all of southern England. Despite its
reputation as being a rainy city, London receives less precipitation in a year than Rome,
Bordeaux, Lisbon, Naples, Sydney and New York City. Temperature extremes for all sites
in the London area range from 38.1 °C at Kew during August 2003 down to -16.1 °C (3.0
°F) at Northolt during January 1962.
 Part 4

Read the following text for questions 21-29

Neuroaesthetics

An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the

study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces. The
blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to stimulate the brain's amygdala, for
instance. Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain
why many people find these pieces so moving.

Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from
Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's seemingly haphazard arrangements of
splashed paint on canvas? Sceptics believe that people claim to like such works
simply because they are famous. We certainly do have an inclination to follow the crowd.
When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated
image, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others
doing the same. It is easy to imagine that this mentality would have even more impact on a
fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer.

Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusetts, responded to this debate by

asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists
or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephants. They then had to judge which they
preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled
incorrectly -volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp's messy brushstrokes when
they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers
generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an
animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist's vision in paintings, even if
they can't explain why.

Robert Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff University, creates ambiguous works that are
neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational. In one study, Pepperell and
his collaborators asked volunteers to decide how'powerful'they considered an artwork to
be, and whether they saw anything familiar in the piece. The longer they took to answer
these questions, the more highly they rated the piece under scrutiny, and the greater their
neural activity. It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it
is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.
And what about artists such as Mondrian, whose paintings consist exclusively of horizontal
and vertical lines encasing blocks of colour? Mondrian's works are deceptively simple,
but eye-tracking studies confirm that they are meticulously composed, and that simpiy
rotating a piece radically changes the way we view it. With the originals, volunteers'eyes
tended to stay longer on certain places in the image, but with the altered versions they
would flit across a piece more rapidly. As a result, the volunteers considered the altered
versions less pleasurable when they later rated the work.

In a similar study, Oshin Vartanian of Toronto University asked volunteers to compare

original paintings with ones which he had altered by moving objects around within the
frame. He found that almost everyone preferred the original, whether it was a Van Gogh
still life or an abstract by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the composition of the
paintings reduced activation in those brain areas linked with meaning and interpretation.

In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analysed the visual
intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level
of detail to please the brain. Too little and the work is boring, but too much results in a kind
of 'perceptual overload', according to Forsythe. What's more, appealing pieces both
abstract and representational, show signs of 'fractals' - repeated motifs recurring in
different scales, fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of
mountain peaks or the branches of trees. It is possible that our visual system, which
evolved in the great outdoors, finds it easier to process such patterns.

It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a handwritten
letter, as if we are replaying the writer's moment of creation. This has led some to
wonder whether Pollock's works feel so dynamic because the brain reconstructs the
energetic actions the artist used as he painted. This may be down to our brain's 'mirror
neurons', which are known to mimic others' actions. The hypothesis will need to be
thoroughly tested, however. It might even be the case that we could use neuroaesthetic
studies to understand the longevity of some pieces of artwork. While the fashions of the
time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best adapted to our visual
system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been
forgotten.

It's still early days for the field of neuroaesthetics - and these studies are probably only a
taste of what is to come. It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of
scientific laws. We shouldn't underestimate the importance of the style of a particular
artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time. Abstract art offers
both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it's
not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding
meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.

Questions 21-24

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

21.In the second paragraph, the writer refers to a shape-matching test in order to illustrate
A. the subjective nature of art appreciation.
B. the reliance of modern art on abstract forms.
C. our tendency to be influenced by the opinions of others.
D. a common problem encountered when processing visual data.
22. Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people
A. mostly favour works of art which they know well.
B. hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
C. are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
D. have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
23.Results of studies involving Robert Pepperell’s pieces suggest that people
A. can appreciate a painting without fully understanding it.
B. find it satisfying to work out what a painting represents.
C. vary widely in the time they spend looking at paintings.
D. generally prefer representational art to abstract art.
24. What do the experiments described in the fifth paragraph suggest about the paintings
of Mondrian?
A. They are more carefully put together than they appear.
B. They can be interpreted in a number of different ways.
C. They challenge our assumptions about shape and colour.
D. They are easier to appreciate than many other abstract works.

Questions 25-29

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage?

25.Forsythe’s findings contradicted previous beliefs on the function of ‘fractals’ in art.

A) True B) False C) Not Given
26.Certain ideas regarding the link between ‘mirror neurons’ and art appreciation require
further verification.
 A) True B) False C) Not Given
27.People’s taste in paintings depends entirely on the current artistic trends of the period.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
28.Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern people’s reactions to
works of art.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
29.Art appreciation should always involve taking into consideration the cultural context in
which an artist worked.
A) True B) False C) Not Given

Part 5

Adventures in mathematical reasoning

Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts -
parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well. There are
some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge,
not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry. Instead they may involve, at most, a little
arithmetic, such as ‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’, and common sense. Each of the
eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon. Anyone can understand every step
in the reasoning. The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and
sometimes not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in
a mathematical experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to
become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.

One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity
to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of
thinking. I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries, but, more
importantly, the reasoning behind them. In that respect, this book differs from most books
on mathematics written for the general public. Some present the lives of colorful
mathematicians. Others describe important applications of mathematics. Yet others go into
mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.

I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the
humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain
(analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the
analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role. The alleged gap can be narrowed
or completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full
capacity of either side of the brain. To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural
engineer who is an artist, an electrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who
published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short stories.

Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have
necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of
their theories. The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an
involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing the details in much
of science is mathematics, whether the subject is expanding universe, subatomic particles,
or chromosomes. Though the broad.outline of a scientific theory can be sketched
intuitively, when a part of the physical universe is finally understood, its description often
looks like a page in a mathematics text.

Still, the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning.

This book presents the details that illustrate the mathematical style of thinking, which
involves sustained, step-by-step analysis, experiments, and insights. You will turn these
pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper. It may help to have a
pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments.

As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until they
were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics
aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book. This book also serves
readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills. Many careers, such as law and
medicine, require extended, precise analysis. Each chapter offers practice in following a
sustained and closely argued line of thought. That mathematics can develop this skill is
shown by these two testimonials:

A physician wrote, The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared
me extremely well for medical school. In medicine one is faced with a problem which must
be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found. The process is similar to doing
mathematics.’

A lawyer made the same point, “Although I had no background in law - not even one
political science course — I did well at one of the best law schools. I attribute much of my
success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular,
theorems, how to analyze complicated principles. Lawyers who have studied mathematics
can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.’

I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple, even naive, questions lead to
remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.

Questions 30-35

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

30.Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a
______________
31.It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a
limited knowledge of ______________
32.The writer intends to show that mathematics requires ______________ thinking, as well
as analytical skills.
33.Some books written by ______________ have had to leave out the mathematics that
is central to their theories.
34.The writer advises non-mathematical readers to perform ______________ while reading
35.A lawyer found that studying ______________ helped even more than other areas
of mathematics in the study of law.
 WRITING

TASK 1

You recently spent a night in a hotel and had to put up with a great deal of noise very
early in the morning because of a faulty central heating system. The manager promised to
contact you regarding compensation but you still haven't heard from him.

Write a letter to the hotel. In the letter

 describe the problem at the hotel

 explain what the manager had said at the time
 say what you want the manager to do.

Model answer

Dear Sir,

I am writing with regards to the complaint I made to you on 25th October concerning the
stay I had at your hotel the previous night.

You may remember that on the day in question, you had a serious problem with your
central heating system and that there was a great deal of noise, which started as early as 5
o'clock in the morning. Not surprisingly, this resulted in a very poor night's sleep for my
wife and me. We complained about this to you when we checked out. You agreed that we
had a cause to complain and assured me that you would be contacting us regarding
compensation.

It has now been three weeks since that conversation and we have yet to hear from you.
Could you please confirm that this issue is being dealt with? I would also be grateful if you
could let me know when we can expect to be told the amount of compensation we will be
receiving.

I look forward to hearing from you very soon.

Yours faithfully,
Nick Brewer

(178 words)
 TASK 2

We are becoming increasingly dependent on computer-based technology.

How do you think it will change in the future?

Is it good for us to rely so much on computers?

Model answer

It would be difficult to imagine life without computers. Over recent years in particular, their
use and potential have grown at an incredible rate and I strongly believe that this growth
will continue as more innovative ways to use them are developed. Although there are
definitely some downsides to their use, I do believe the positives outweigh the negatives.

Computers enable us to do a wealth of tasks that would have been unthinkable for previous
generations. We can bank online, book holidays, do our weekly shopping - the list of labour-
saving activities is almost endless. Given the speed at which they have evolved and altered
the way we do things, I am convinced that this evolutionary trend will continue. Take, for
example, the rise of virtual reality. We can already do amazing things with it, and, as a
computer-based technology, it is only in its infancy. It has so many practical applications,
from improving gaming to providing training for doctors or pilots to handle real-life
situations. As computer processing power increases, so will its potential to enhance
everything we do.

Despite this, there are dangers in relying quite so heavily on computers. So much of our
daily lives is controlled by them, that without them, modern-day life as we know it would
be impossible. Furthermore, computers store all our important data and the risk of hacking
exposes us to crimes such as fraud. However, I would argue that the technological advances
made possible by computers have improved our world in so many ways. I believe that most
people would argue that that any negative aspects of computers are outweighed by all the
benefits they have brought.

In conclusion, I believe we will probably become more dependent on computers but that
our lives will improve as the technology improves. While there is a negative side to such a
dependency, there are many more positives that we can focus on.

(318 words)
 Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

1. C 9. ENTRANCE 15.B
2. A 10.THURSDAY 16.D
3. C 11.9785423 17.G
4. A 12.COMPUTERS 18.A
5. C 13.SALADS 19.F
6. A 14.BOOKSHOP/BOOK SHOP
7. C
8. A

Part 4 Part 5 Part 6

20.B 24.C 30.THREATENING SITUATION

21.E 25.B 31.THE HEART
22.G 26.C 32.NEGATl VE THOUGHTS
23.F 27.A 33.RUN AWAY
24.H 28.C 34.MUSCLES
29.A 35.PAPER BAG

Part 1 Pa� 1f_;rt 3

1. CULTIVATE 7. F 15.E
2. MOLD 8. D 16.G
3. ATIINE 9. A 17.A
4. ESCOVOPSIS 10.B 18.H
5. FUNGUS 19.1
11.E
6. LEAF-CUTIERS 20.B
12.H
13.1
14.G

Part 4 Par!]

21.C 30.BEGINNER
22.D 31.ARITHMETIC
23.B 32.INTUITIVE
24.A 33.SCIENTISTS
25.C 34.EXPERIMENTS
26.A 35.THEOREMS
27.B
28.B
29.A