Ill.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Part 1

Let us find out first what you already know related to the content of this
module. Answer all items. Choose the letter that best answers each
question. Please take note of the items/questions that you will not be able
to answer correctly and revisit them as you go through this module for
self-assessment.

1, What should n be if f(x) = x” defines a polynomial function?

A. an integer C. any number
B. a nonnegative integer D. any number except 0
2. Which of the following is an example of a polynomial function?
4
A. P(x) = 5 +3x—1 C. f(x) =V7x-2x®

B. f(x)=2x? -$ x D. f(x) =x? +V3x—5

3. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function
F(x)=2x+x°+42
A. 1 C,.3
B. 2 D. 4

4. How should the polynomial function f(x) =2x + x* +3x° +4 be written

in standard form?
A. f(x)=x°+2x+3x°+4 C. f(x)=44+2x+x? +3x°
B. f(x)=4+3x°+2x+x° D. f(x)=3x°+x°+2x+4
5. Which of the following could be the graph of the polynomial function
y =x? 4x7 43x=122 of
Omm& ¢
tits
2Lots ob go

fori
i
aa
egnsse
i*lon
& oa S
Ss
o«

Asa
nw
e

kb
a

42
4

me
‘
=—a-
&
 in factored form
6. From the choices, omial function
which poly?
represents the given graph?

A. ya(x+2yxeIx-1)
B. ya(x+1(x—
1X -2)
C. y =x(x+2)(x+ (X—1)
D. yax(x+1(x-1(x-2)

7. If you will draw the graph of y = x(X +2), how willj you SI ketch it with
respect to the x-axis
?

A. Sketch it crossing both (-2,0) and (0,0). 0

B. Sketch it crossing (-2,0) and tangent at (0,0).
C. Sketch it tangent at (-2,0) and crossing (0,0).
D. Sketch it tangent at both (-2,0) and (0,0).
8. What are the end behaviors of the graph of f(x) =-2x +x° 3 +3x° 5 9
-4%
A. rises to the left and falls to the right
B. falls to the left and rises to the right
C. rises to both directions
D. falls to both directions

9. You are asked to illustrate the sketch of f(x)=x°® -3x°

+4 using its
Properties. Which will be your sketch?
 10. Your classmate Linus encounters difficulties in showing a sketch of
the graph of y=2x343x?-4x- 6. You know that the quickest
technique is the Leading Coefficient Test. You want to help Linus in
his problem. What hint/clue should you give?
A. The graph falls to the left and rises to the right.
B. The graph rises to both left and right.
C. The graph rises to the left and falls to the right.
D. The graph falls to both left and right.
11. If you will be asked to choose from -2, 2, 3, and 4, what values for a
and rn will you consider so that y = ax” could define the graph below?

7 ro) ek ; ‘i
- a. 4 oy
4
" a] ye byenes
D. a=-2,n=

42. A caf manufacturer determines that its profit, P, in thousands of

pesos, can be modeled by the function P(x) = 0.00125x* + x — 3,
where x represents the number of cars sold. What is the profit when
x = 300?
A. Php 101.25 C. Php 3,000,000.00
B. Php 1,039,500.00 D. Php 10,125,297.00

13. A demographer predicts that the population,P, of a town t years from

now:can be modeled by the function P(t) = 6f — 5f + 200t + 12 000.
What will the population of the town be two (2) years from now?
A. 12 456 C. 1.245 600
B. 124 560 D. 12 456 000

14, Consider this Revenue-Advertising Expense situation:

The total revenue R (in millions of pesos) for a company is related to

its advertising expense by the function
1
R =———_—(=x* +600x’), 0<x<400
100 o00| ) e
where x is the amount spent on advertising. (in ten thousands of
pesos).
 t,
Ph p 2, 00 0,000.00 for advertisemen
Currently, the company spends on can you make
If you are the company manager, hat best decisi
nction with its
with this business circumstance bas d on the given fu
restricted domain?

to Php 2,500,000.00
A. | will ising exPe nses
uethoreoee fay adverse ue than what the company
because this will give a higher reven
currently earns.
B. | willi decreas talsing expenses to Php 1,500,
00,000.00
higher revenue than what
the company
epicgive eaante
because this will
currently earns.
| will decrease my advertising expenses to Php 1,500,000.00
C.
because lower cost means higher revenue.
, my
D. It does not matter how much | spend for a dvertisement
revenue will stay the.same.

Part 2

Read and analyze the situation below. Then, answer the question and
perform the tasks that follow.

Karl Benedic, the president of Mathematics Club, proposed a project:

to put up a rectangular Math Garden whose lot perimeter is 36 meters. He
was soliciting suggestions from the members for feasible dimensions of the
lot.

Suppose you are a member of the club, what will you suggest to Karl
Benedic if you want a maximum lot area? You must convince him through a
mathematical solution.

Consider the following guidelines:

1. Make an illustration of the lot with the needed labels.

2. Solve the problem. Hint: Consider the formulas P = 2/ + 2w for
perimeter and A = /w for the area of the rectangle. Use the formula for
P and the given information in the problem to express A in terms of
either / or w. ;
3. Make a second illustration that satisfies the findings in the solution
made in number 2, .
.
4. Submit your solution on a sheet of paper with recommendations
 t of
.
Start this module by recalling wied eon the concep
your Hy help ¥ you un derstand the
polynomial expressions. This knowledge W
formal definition of a polynomial function. eee
| Activity2: Which is which?
Determine whether each of the following is 2 polynomialial expression
exp
or not.
Give your reasons.
1. 14x 6. a
2. 5x34 lax +. 7 3x8 +J3x? +9x-2

3. —2014x 8. x°+2x+1
3

4, x943x447 9. 4x 44x
<4 — + —. — 8 10. 1- 16x
2x") 3x4 ae
Did you answer each item correctly? Do you remember when an
expression is a polynomial? We defined a related concept below.
A polynomial function is a function of the form

P(x) = GX +4, X44,

x +..4aXta, a, £0,

where rn is a nonnegative integer, a, @,,.... a, are real numbers called

coefficients, a,x’ is the leading term, a, is the leading coefficient,
and @ is the constant term.

The terms of a polynomial may be written in any order.

However, if
they are written in decreasing powers of X, we say the
polynomial function is
in standatd form. ‘
Other than P(x), a polynomial function may also be
denoted by fx)
Sometimes, a polynomial function is represented by a
set P of ordered pairs
(x,y). Thus, a polynomial function can be
written in different ways, like the
following. ; ' '
 f(x )sa x44, +8, 7+ _+axta, |
or

YAAK" ta, XO +a, XO +t aX tay

Polynomials may also be written in factored form and as a product of
wreductbie factors, that is, a factor that can no longer be factored using
coefinents that are real numbers. Here are some exampies.

Activity2: > Fix and Move Them, then Fill Me Up

Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below.

Polynomial Leading | Constant

Polynomial Function Functionin Degree Coefficient
L Standard Form bars
14. f(x) =2-11x+22
shee
2x°5
3 aa

| 3. y=x(-—5)
|4. y=-x(x+3)(x-3)
5. y= (xs 4x Hx F

After doing this activity. # is expected that the definition of a polynomial

funcBon and the concepts associated with i become clear to you. Do the
next activity so that your sidiis will be honed as you give more examples of
polynomial functions.
 Architect . a
| Activity 3: > Bea Polynomial Function
onents to form as :
fficients OF EXPOT”. | nctions in
Use all the numbers in the box once @§ oot rite your polynomial f
many polynomial functions of x as you can
standard form. Fence eg ee
1 3 4
TEoa
r ah
eac’ each
Ho to give? Classify ify
Ww many pol ial function s were you abl nstant
accor
,
: ynomial fu
ding to its degree. Also, identify the leadin‘ g coe cenit and the co
term.

ne
REE
ss and your knowledge

On fee
In this section, you need to revisit the lessor. pba polynomial
his

pg
on evaluating polynomials, factoring polynomi

ee Vee
Oy. a
nd. Grapbing by point-plotting. Your Hn

4
equations,

NL
unc eee #
topics will help you sketch the graph of polynomial dec
You may also use graphing utilities/tools in order to have a

St
and a more convenient way of describing the features of the graph. ee
you will focus on polynomial functions of degree 3 and higher, sin

a
graphing linear and quadratic functions were already taught in previous

2h
¥ f “
grade levels, Learning to graph polynomial functions requires your
appreciation of its behavior and other properties.
¢

Activity 4: » Do you miss me? Here I Am Again

Factor each polynomial completely using any method. Enjoy working with
your seatmate using the Think-Pair-Share strategy.

1. (x—1) (x*-5x +6)

2. (x°+x-6) (xX°-6x +9)
3. (2x? — 5x + 3) (x3)
4. 2 4+3x°4+4x-12
5. 2x4+ 7x? — 4x = 27x —18
a Did you ot ie lie correctly? What method(s) did you use? Now
the same with polynomial functions. Write each of the follow
functions in factored form: Owing polynomialic
 OND Y=X+x? 19
y=-x* +16
¥ =2x*+ 8x? 4 4x? _gy_6
y =-x° +10x? _ gy
2

10. y=2x"+7x*
_4y? 27,18
_ The preceding task is very important for you since it has something to
do with the x-intercepts of a graph. These are the x-values when y
thus, the point(s) where the graph intersects the x-axis can be determined. = 0,
To recall the relationship between factors and x-intercepts,
consider
these examples:

a. Find the intercepts of y = x3 4x2 +x +6.

Solution:

To find the x-intercept/s, set y = 0. Use the factored form. That is,

Y=X-4%+x4+6
y = (x + 1)(x — 2)(x - 3) . Factor completely.
O= (x + 1)(x—2)(x— 3) Equate y to 0.

x+1=0 or x-2=0 or x-—3=0 Equa

each factor
teto 0
x=-1 x=2 x=3 to determine x.

The x-intercepts are —1, 2, and 3. This means the graph will
pass
through (-1, 0), (2, 0), and (3, 0).
VO as

Finding the y-intercept is more straightforward. Simply set x = 0

in the given polynomial. That is,

V=X-4x7 +x+6
y=0°-4(0)?+0+6
y=6

The y-intercept is 6. This means the graph will also pass through (0,6).

bs
 3_ x? -6X
b. Find the intercepts of y = xt + 6X

Solution: =0. Use th e factored form.

For the x-intercept(s), find x when Y
That is, Factor completely.

¥ = x(x + 6)(x + 1)(x- 1)

0 = x(x + 6)(x + 1)(x- 1) !
ie
Equate each factort
124 Oto determinex.
OO ,
—,
ss
e oe Th is me an s the graph will pa
The x-intercepts are -6, -1, 0, an d
o 1.
through | (-6,0), (-1,0), (0,0), and (1,0).
%
res us to set X = 0 in
Again, finding the y-intercept simply requ!
the given polynomial. That is,
Y=x*+6x° =x? -6x
y = (0*)+6(0%) —(07) -6(0)
y=0

The y-intercept is 0. This means the graph will pass also through (0,0). — ,

You have been proviMate :

ded illustrative examples of solvining g for the x- and :
y- intercepts, an important step in graphing a polynomial function. Reme
mber,
these intercepts are used to determine the points where the graph intersects= |
or touches the x-axis and the y-axis. But these points are not sufficient to 2
draw the graph of polynomial functions. Enjoy as you learn by performing the —
next activities.

| Activity 5: » Seize and Intercept Me

Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following polynomial functi
ons:
1. y=xo+x?-12x
2. y= (x—2)( 1)(xx—
+ 3)
3. y= 2x* + 8x? + 4x7- 8x-6
4. y=-x' +16 a
5. y=+x°
10x? - 9x
You have learned how to find the intercepts of a polynomial function.
You will discover more properties as you go through
the next activities.

———__—_—_—$__lio
 [ Activity¥S:@: > Give Me More Companions
Work with your friends, Determine the x-intercept/s and the y-intercept of
each Cone Omi function, To obtain other points on the graph, find the
value of y that corresponds to each value of x in the table. sai
1. YR (X + 4)Y(x + 2x — 1)(x — 3) x-Intercepts:
y-intercept: __

x Ҥ -3 0 2 4
Y.
. List all your answers above as ordered pairs.
2. y=—(x + 5)(2x + 3)(x—2)(x - 4) x-intercepts: =
y-intercept: __

x 6 -4 -0.5 ° 3 5
~ Le.
List all your answers above as ordered pairs.

y = —-x(x + 6)(3x — 4) x-intercepts: ss

: y-intercept: __

x -7 +3 1 2
y
List all your answers above as ordered pairs.

3. y=x"(x + 3)(x + 1)(x— 1)(x- 3) x-intercepts:;

y-intercept: __

x] M4 -2 -0.5 0.5 2 4
y
List all your answers above as ordered pairs

In this activity, you evaluated a function at given values of x. Notice that

some of the given x-values are less than the least x-intercept, some are between
two x-intercepts, and some are greater than the greatest x-intercept. For
example, in number 1, the x-intercepts are -4, -2, 1, and 3. The value -5 is
used as x-value less than -4; -3, 0, and 2 are between two x-intercepts; and 4
is used as x-value greater than 3. Why do you think we should consider
them? ;
 F the behavi
or of the graph of a
_ In the next activity, you will describe
Polynomial function relative to the x-axis.

lete the
Given the polynomial function y =(
table below. Answer the ques ions
tions that follow. 7. , Pe
“Location of the pela yt: "|
Value of | Value of f y value to 0: above the x-axis, 0
x y i yet. 0, or y<0? x-axis, or below the x-axis?
mn 5 144
y> 7 above the x-axis
4 7
5
:
2 0 y=0 on the x - axis;
0
1

2
3
4

Questions: :
1. At what point(s) does the graph pass through the x-axis?
2. If x<—4, what can you say about the graph?
3. If -4<x <-2, what can you say about the graph?
4. ‘If -2<x <1, what can you say about the graph?
5. If 1<x <3, what can you say about the graph?
6. If x>3, what can you say about the graph?
Now, this table may be transformed into
a simpler one that will instantly
help you in locati ng the curve. We call this the table of signs.
The roots of the polynomial function Y=(x+4
)(x+ 2)
x =—4, —2, 1, and 3. These are the only
the x-axis. These roots partition
values of x where the graph will cross
the number line into intervals.
then chosen from within each interval. Test values are
 The table
of signs and the rough sketch of the graph of this function
can now be Constructed as shown below.
The Table of Signs

intervals
x<-4 | -4<x<-2 | 2ex<1| 1<x<3 | x>3
Test value 5 3 0 2 4

x+4 _ + + + +
X+2 ~ — + + +
x—1 ~ . “s + +
x-3 iS = a ag +
Y=(X44Yx4+2x-T(x-3) | 4 if . z >
Position of the curve
relative to the x-axis | 2b0ve | below above | below | above
The Graph of y =(x +4)(x + 2)(x -1)(x —3)

We can now use the information from the table of signs to

construct a
possible graph of the function. At this level, though, we canno
t determine the
turning points of the graph, we can only be certain that the graph
is correct
with respect to intervals where the graph is above, below,
or on the x-axis.
5
+

| SP A= (+4) +2) -3)

above the x- axis abov
the x-axis
e °F above the x- axis

xa-G
usednt =
r
x>3

pe Le A

below the x- axis

The arrow heads at both ends of the gra

ph signify that the graph
indefinitely goes upward . Ls ;
 ) 3x ~ 4)
Here is another| example: Sketch the graph of f(x) = - x(x +2
4
Roots of fx): -2,0, =
Table of Signs: °
—~" Intervals 7 ~4
O<x<zae
x>=3
x<-2 ~2<x<0

3 mt -4gt 1 ‘2
E Test value
+ zs r
[ —X +

Qs = i +

[ 3x —4
+ - +
[ %%) * ~X(x + 2)(3x— 4) |~ save baton
Position of the curve
C relative to the x-axis above below

Graph:
-
=>

I
to

“ rab
}

Cee
a

®
Sere
ah

In this activity, you learned how to sketch the graph of polynomial

functions using the intercepts; some points, and the position of the curves
determined from the table of signs. The procedures described are applicable ;
when the polynomial function is in factored form. Otherwise, you need to
express first a polynomial in factored form. Try this in the next activity.

Cee ete 119