Learner Name Faheyan Nomani

Unit Title Computer Systems

Unit Level 3
Unit Reference Number L/618/6090

1. Understand the purpose of computer systems.

1.1 Explain different types of computer systems

Introduction: A computer system is a combination of hardware, software, and peripheral
devices that work together to perform various tasks and process data. The main purpose of a
computer system is to process data and perform tasks efficiently, automating a wide range of
operations that would be difficult or impossible to perform manually. Computer systems come in
a variety of types, each designed to serve specific purposes, workloads, and user needs. Here's an
overview of the different types of computer systems:
Desktop PCs (Personal Computers): The most common type of personal computers designed for
individual use. They typically consist of a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and a tower or a compact
unit that contains the central processing unit (CPU). Desktop PCs are widely used for general
computing tasks such as web browsing, office applications, gaming, and media consumption.
(Chandler, 2023)
Laptops/Notebooks: These are portable personal computers with integrated keyboards and
screens. Laptops are designed for mobility and offer similar functionalities as desktops but in a
compact, portable form factor. They are widely used by professionals, students, and casual users
for checking emails, writing, streaming movies, browsing the web, playing lightweight video
games and more. (Chandler, 2023)
Netbooks and Ultrabooks: These are lightweight and compact laptops designed for basic tasks
such as web browsing, streaming movies and word processing. Ultrabooks are more powerful
than netbooks but still focus on portability and energy efficiency. They are also quite cost
effective. Used for browsing the web, saving files and more. (Chandler, 2023)
Supercomputer: The fastest and most powerful type of computer systems. They are used to
perform complex calculations and simulations that require immense processing power and space.
Supercomputers are typically used in scientific research, climate modeling, nuclear simulations,
and tasks that involve advanced mathematics and data analysis. Used for weather forecasting and
climate modeling, simulation of different disease progression and more. (Chandler, 2023)
Mobile Devices: Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are compact, portable
computer systems that are optimized for mobility. They are equipped with touchscreens and
designed primarily for communication, entertainment, and lightweight productivity tasks. These
tasks include taking photos, calling, playing games, shopping online, sending emails and texts
and more. (Wikipedia contributors, 2024)
Gaming Console: A game console is a specialized type of computer system designed primarily
for playing video games. It is optimized for gaming performance, offering users a dedicated
platform for interactive entertainment. Game consoles are distinct from general-purpose
computers because they are built specifically to run games efficiently and often have specialized
hardware, dedicated operating system and software to enhance the gaming experience.
(Wikipedia contributors, 2024)
Servers: High-performance computers designed to manage, store, and process large amounts of
data, often accessed by multiple users simultaneously. Servers typically run specialized software
and operate in environments where they provide services like file storage, hosting websites, or
managing networks. They include: Mail servers, database servers, file servers, web servers and
more. (Chandler, 2023)
Wearables: Wearables are compact and lightweight computing devices designed to be worn on
the body, integrated into clothing, or attached to accessories like wristbands or eyeglasses. These
devices enable hands-free operation, making them highly suitable for continuous monitoring,
communication, and information retrieval in various situations. Wearable computers often come
with sensors, connectivity features, and a user interface tailored for easy access while on the go.
Used for checking the weather, monitoring distance walked and more. (Chandler, 2023)
Conclusion: Each of these computer systems serves different purposes based on the complexity
of the tasks they are designed to handle, the user base, and the required processing power.
References:
1. Chandler, N. (2023) 10 types of computers, from wearables to
supercomputers. https://computer.howstuffworks.com/10-types-of-computers.htm#pt1
2. Wikipedia contributors (2024) Mobile device. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device
3. Wikipedia contributors (2024a) Home video game
console. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_video_game_console

1.2 Evaluate the role of computer systems in different environments.

Introduction: Computer systems play a crucial role across various environments, serving
different purposes based on their configurations and functionalities. Their impact can be
evaluated in the following settings

Environment Role Advantage Issues

Healthcare Computer systems 1. Improved Patient 1. Privacy Concerns:
support patient care, Care: Enables quick Handling sensitive
 medical records access to patient patient data can pose
management, records, enhancing privacy risks.
diagnostic processes, diagnosis and 2. High Cost:
and medical research. treatment. Implementing and
They are used also 2. Medical Research: maintaining
for Electronic Health Facilitates data healthcare IT systems
Records, analysis in clinical can be expensive.
telemedicine, medical trials and research Meinert et al. (2018)
imaging, and studies.
managing patient 3. Telemedicine:
information. Allows for remote
Studymode.com, consultations, making
(2021) healthcare accessible
in remote areas.
Hargreaves (2022)
Business In business settings, 1. Automation: 1. Security Risks:
computer systems Automates repetitive Businesses are prone
streamline tasks, reducing the to cyber-attacks, data
operations, improve need for manual labor breaches, and
productivity, and and increasing malware.
facilitate efficiency. 2. Dependence on
communication. They 2. Data Management: Technology: System
are used for tasks Helps in storing, failures can disrupt
such as data organizing, and business operations.
processing, financial retrieving vast Ali(2023)
management, amounts of data.
customer relationship 3. Communication:
management and Facilitates instant
human resource communication
management. through emails, video
Computers also conferencing, and
support decision- collaboration tools.
making processes by Ali(2023)
providing analytical
tools and access to
large datasets.
B, A. (2021)
Education In education, 1. Interactive 1. Death of
computer systems are Learning: Provides Creativity: Can kill
used for e-learning, access to a wide creativity as students
research, range of digital just reply on Ai and
administrative resources and other tools instead of
management, and educational tools. coming up with
enhancing the 2. Administrative solutions to problems
learning experience Efficiency: Facilitates to a question on their
through interactive student records own. It also leads to
 tools. They support management, lots of rise to
digital classrooms, scheduling, and plagiarism.
learning management resource allocation. 2. Distraction Risk
systems and remote 3. Distance Learning: and Addiction:
learning. Enables access to Computers can be
Dr.Neetu Dabas education for used for non-
(2018) students who cannot educational purposes,
attend physical distracting students.
classes. Many even forget to
Dr.Neetu Dabas study altogether and
(2018) instead log onto
social media and
gaming platforms for
entertainment
instead.
The Circular (2023)
Manufacturing and Computer systems 1. Efficiency: 1. High Setup Costs:
Industrial are used in process Automates Initial investment in
automation, production processes, automation
inventory leading to faster and technology can be
management, quality more efficient significant.
control, and manufacturing. 2. Job Displacement:
predictive 2. Precision: Automation may
maintenance in Improves the reduce the need for
industrial settings. accuracy of manual labor,
They are also production through affecting
involved in designing automated machinery employment.
products through control. Design Technology
Computer-Aided 3. Cost Reduction: (No Date)
Design software and Minimizes human
controlling error and reduces
machinery using labor costs.
Computer Numerical Design Technology
Control (No Date)
Chaudhari (2015)

Government and Computer systems 1. Efficient Service 1. Cybersecurity

Public Administration facilitate public Delivery: Improves Threats: Public
administration, public service systems are targets
including e- delivery by for cyber-attacks.
governance, public automating 2. Digital Literacy:
records management, processes. Not all citizens are
tax processing, and 2. Transparency: E- comfortable using
law enforcement. governance systems technology for public
They also help in can enhance services.
managing national transparency in Ali (2024)
 databases, such as government
voter registration and operations.
social security. 3. Data Management:
Studymode.com, Facilitates the
(2021) management of large
volumes of public
records.
Ali (2024)
Scientific Research In scientific research, 1. Data Processing: 1. Software
computer systems Facilitates the Limitations:
support data analysis of large Scientific research
collection, datasets quickly. may require
simulation, analysis, 2. Simulations: specialized software,
and modeling. They Allows for which could be
enable complex experiments that may costly.
calculations and not be possible in 2. Data Security:
provide platforms for real-world Handling sensitive or
sharing research conditions. proprietary research
results. 3. Collaboration: data poses security
Studymode.com, Researchers can risks.
(2021) collaborate across Ali (2024)
different locations
using shared
platforms.
Ali (2024)
Entertainment and Computer systems 1. High-Quality 1. Piracy and
Media Environment are used in content Content Creation: Copyright Issues:
creation, video Enables the creation Digital media is
editing, graphic of visually appealing vulnerable to
design, animation, graphics, movies, and unauthorized copying
gaming, and music. and distribution.
streaming services. 2. Streaming 2. High Resource
They support the Services: Provides Demands: Media
production and platforms for digital production and
distribution of digital content distribution, gaming require
media. accessible powerful hardware.
Studymode.com, worldwide. Ali(2023)
(2021) 3. Interactive
Entertainment:
Supports video
gaming, which has
evolved into a
significant
entertainment
industry.
Ali(2023)
Conclusion: Computer systems are integral across various environments, supporting specialized
functions that improve efficiency, productivity, and access to information. Each setting has
unique benefits and challenges associated with using computer systems, making them
indispensable yet requiring careful management to address potential limitations.
References:
1. Dr.Neetu Dabas (2018) , Role of Computer and Information Technology in Education System.
https://oaji.net/articles/2017/1992-1525425090.pdf
2. 10 negative effects of technology on education and individual
wellbeing (2023). https://thecircular.org/10-negative-effects-of-technology-on-education-and-
individual-wellbeing/
3. B, A. (2021) The role of information technology in business
success. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-information-technology-business-success-abid-
afzal-butt/
4. Ali, A. (2023) Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers in Business »
Hubvela. https://hubvela.com/hub/technology/advantages-disadvantages-computers/business/.
5. Ali, A. (2023b) Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers in Entertainment »
Hubvela. https://hubvela.com/hub/technology/advantages-disadvantages-
computers/entertainment/.
6. Hargreaves, F. (2022) 6 Common uses for computers in healthcare - Scott Clark
Medical. https://www.scott-clark.com/blog/6-common-uses-for-computers-in-healthcare/
7. Meinert, E. et al. (2018) 'Weighing benefits and risks in aspects of security, privacy and
adoption of technology in a value-based healthcare system,' BMC Medical Informatics and
Decision Making, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0700-0
8. Studymode.com (2021) Role of the computer system in different
environment. https://www.studymode.com/essays/Role-Of-The-Computer-System-In-
60220656.html
9. 10.3 Computer Integrated Manufacturing | Design Technology (no
date). https://www.ruthtrumpold.id.au/destech/?page_id=150.
11. Chaudhari, K. (2015) COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES. https://www.engineersgallery.com/computers-in-manufacturing-industries/
12. Computers and Government: privacy (no
date). https://www.cs.odu.edu/~tkennedy/cs300/development/Public/M05-
PrivacyGovernment/index.html.
13. Ali, A. (2024) Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers in Government »
Hubvela. https://hubvela.com/hub/technology/advantages-disadvantages-
computers/government/.
14. Ali, A. (2024a) Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers in Engineering Field »
Hubvela. https://hubvela.com/hub/technology/advantages-disadvantages-computers/engineering-
field/

1.3 Identify a range of computer systems that you use.

Introduction: Everyday people use various types of computer systems based on their needs,
from personal use and entertainment to work-related tasks. Here’s a range of commonly used
systems:

Laptop Portable and versatile, laptops offer similar

functionality to desktops but are optimized for
mobility. First released in September 1975
they are used for work, education, and
personal use while on the move. (Wikipedia
contributors, 2024)
Smart Home Assistants Devices like Amazon Echo, Google Nest
Hub, and Apple HomePod function as voice-
activated assistants, helping users with tasks,
controlling smart home devices, and
providing information on demand. The first
ever smart home assistant was released in
2013. (Lynch, 2020)
Mobile/Smartphone First released in 1994 they are small handheld
devices that function as compact computers,
supporting web browsing, social media,
communication, apps, and light gaming. They
are indispensable for everyday use, with both
Android and iOS offering extensive app
ecosystems. (Wikipedia contributors, 2024)
Wearables Introduced back in 1972, these wearables or
more commonly known as smartwatches and
fitness trackers, such as the Apple Watch and
Fitbit, offer computing features in a compact,
wearable form. They are used for fitness
tracking, notifications, and even health
monitoring. (Wikipedia contributors, 2024)
Video Game Console First introduced in September 1972. Systems
like PlayStation, Xbox, and Nintendo Switch
are primarily designed for gaming but also
support media streaming and online
 connectivity, making them multifunctional
entertainment hubs. (Wikipedia
contributors, 2024)

Conclusion: These systems meet a wide range of daily needs, from communication and
productivity to entertainment and personal health thus making them integral to modern life.
References:
1. Lynch, G. (2020) Smart assistants: a guide for beginners and the confused.
https://www.realhomes.com/advice/smart-assistants
2. Wikipedia contributors (2024) Laptop. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop
3. Wikipedia contributors (2024) Smartphone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone
4. Wikipedia contributors (2024) Smartwatch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartwatch
5. Wikipedia contributors (2024) Home video game console.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_video_game_console

2. Understand computer system components.

2.1 Discuss the common Hardware components of a computer system.

Introduction: The hardware components of a computer system form the physical foundation on
which all software and computing processes rely. They are comprised of several hardware
components that work together to process, store, and display information. These components can
be categorized into input devices, output devices, processing units, storage devices, and
peripheral components.
1 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain of the computer, responsible for
executing instructions and processing data. It performs calculations and logic operations
necessary for running applications and system processes. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023 &
(BasuMallick, 2024)
i) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a core component of the
CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a computer, responsible for performing arithmetic and logical
operations. It is a fundamental building block of the CPU, enabling the processing and execution
of instructions in programs. (BasuMallick, 2024)
ii) Registers: Register is a small, high-speed storage location within a computer's CPU (Central
Processing Unit) used to temporarily hold data and instructions during processing. Registers are
critical for the CPU's functionality, providing fast access to data needed for immediate
processing. They work much faster than the computer’s main memory (RAM) and are integral to
efficient CPU operations. (BasuMallick, 2024)
2 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The GPU handles rendering images, video, and animations.
While basic graphics tasks can be handled by integrated graphics (within the CPU or
motherboard), dedicated GPUs are used in gaming, video editing, and tasks that require intensive
graphical processing. (Intel, no date)
3 Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all the hardware
components of the computer, enabling them to communicate with each other. It houses the CPU,
memory, and other essential components. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
4 Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is the computer’s short-term memory, where data that
is actively being used or processed is stored temporarily. The more RAM a system has, the more
data it can handle at once, improving performance for multitasking and running complex
application. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
5 Storage Device: Storage devices that use spinning disks to read and write data. They come as
HDD, SSD, CDS, DVDS, Blu Rays and more. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
i) Optical Disc: An optical disc is a type of storage medium that is read and written by a laser
within an optical drive. Common optical discs include CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs.
Wikipedia (2024)
ii) HDD/SSD: Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid-State Drives (SSDs) are both types of storage
devices in a computer system, used to store the operating system, software, files, and data.
However, they differ significantly in technology, performance, and functionality. (BasuMallick,
2022)
An SSD is a modern storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It has no moving parts,
which makes it faster and more durable than an HDD. (BasuMallick, 2022)
An HDD is an older, traditional type of storage device that uses spinning magnetic platters to
store data. Data is read and written using an arm with a magnetic head that moves across the
platters. (BasuMallick, 2022)
6 Power Supply Unit (PSU): The PSU provides electrical power to the computer by converting
the AC (alternating current) from the wall socket into DC (direct current) that the computer
components can use. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
7 Cooling Systems: Cooling systems prevent components like the CPU and GPU from
overheating, which can lead to system instability or damage. Modern systems may have multiple
cooling solutions. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
8 Input Devices: Input devices allow users to interact with the computer by providing data and
instructions. Common input devices are Mouse, Keyboard, Touchpad, Microphone, Camera and
more. (BasuMallick, 2024)
i) Camera: A camera or a webcam in a computer system, integrated into or attached to a
computer, is a device that captures images and video. These images and videos are then
transmitted or stored digitally, allowing for applications like video conferencing, photography,
and video recording. (GeeksforGeeks, 2023)
ii) Touchpad: A touchpad is a flat, touch-sensitive input device typically built into laptops that
allows users to control the cursor on their screen without needing an external mouse. By
detecting the movement and pressure of a finger across its surface, a touchpad enables users to
navigate, click, scroll, and perform gestures on a computer. (TouchPad, 2024)
iii) Keyboard: A keyboard is an important hardware input device that allows users to interact
with a computer by typing text, executing commands, and navigating through various functions.
It consists of a series of keys with alphanumeric characters, symbols, and special functions,
which send signals to the computer when pressed. (Indeed Editorial Team, 2023)
iv) Microphone: A microphone is a hardware input device that converts sound waves (acoustic
energy) into electrical signals, allowing users to capture audio for various applications, such as
communication, recording, and voice recognition. (Tutorialspoint, no date)
v) Mouse: A mouse is a key hardware input device that enables users to interact with a
computer’s graphical user interface (GUI) by moving a cursor on the screen, selecting items, and
executing commands. It translates hand movement into cursor movement on the screen, allowing
users to navigate and control various functions efficiently. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023)
9 Output Devices: Output devices allow the computer to communicate information to the user.
Common output devices are Monitor, Printer, Speakers and more. (BasuMallick, 2024)
i) Printer: A printer is a hardware component of a computer system that converts digital
documents and images into physical form on paper or other media. It uses either Wifi or USB
Cable to connect to a computer system. Some types of printers are: Inkjet Printers, Laser
Printers, 3D Printers and Dot Matrix Printers. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023 & Wikipedia,
2023)
ii) Monitor: A monitor is a critical hardware component of a computer system that serves as an
output device, displaying visual information processed by the computer. It allows users to view
text, images, videos, and graphical interfaces, playing a key role in human-computer interaction.
They come in various different resolution, refresh rate, sizes and type of screens. Each also exist
even due to different eras of time and for different purpose either gaming, professional work or
just general purpose. Some types of monitors are: CRT Monitors, LCD Monitors, LED Monitors,
OLED Monitors etc. (Indeed Editorial Team 2023 & GeeksforGeeks, 2023)
iii) Speaker: Speakers are hardware components of a computer system designed to output audio
signals, allowing users to hear sound generated by the computer. They convert electrical signals
into audible sound waves, enabling users to experience music, videos, system notifications, and
other audio content. They can be connected to computers via USB Cable or Bluetooth.
(GeeksforGeeks 2023)
10 Network Interface Card (NIC): NICs allow the computer to connect to a network (local or
internet) by providing a communication interface between the computer and the network
infrastructure. NICs can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi). (Contributor, 2023)
11. Peripheral Devices: These are external devices connected to the computer to extend its
capabilities. They include External Storage Devices and Networking Equipment like routers and
modems. (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998)
i) Game Controllers: A game controller is a hardware component used to interact with video
games on a computer or gaming console. Game controllers come in various forms, such as
joysticks, gamepads, steering wheels, and specialized controllers, all designed to enhance the
gaming experience by providing intuitive and responsive control over game actions. (Wikipedia,
2024)
ii) Flash Drives: A flash drive, also known as a USB flash drive, thumb drive, or memory stick,
is a portable data storage device that uses flash memory to store information. Flash drives are
commonly used to transfer and store data between devices, as they offer convenience, durability,
and portability. (Wikipedia, 2023)
12. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology used as a hardware component
in computer systems for connecting devices over short distances. It enables the exchange of data
between devices like laptops, smartphones, headphones, keyboards, mice, and speakers without
physical cables. (Wikipedia, 2023)
13. Cooling Systems: Cooling systems prevent components like the CPU and GPU from
overheating, which can lead to system instability or damage. Modern systems may have multiple
cooling solutions. (Wikipedia, 2024)
14. 4G: 4G is a wireless connectivity component in computer systems, primarily known for
providing high-speed internet access over mobile networks. Unlike traditional wired or Wi-Fi
connections, 4G uses cellular networks to deliver data, allowing devices to connect to the
internet without relying on physical connections or fixed-location routers. It’s particularly useful
in portable devices like tablets, laptops, and mobile hotspots. (Wikipedia, 2024)
15. Wireless: Wireless hardware components in a computer system refer to devices and
technologies that allow communication and connectivity without the need for physical cables.
Wireless technology is essential for network access, device connectivity, and data transmission in
modern computing environments. (Quora, 2022)
16. Wired: Wired hardware components in a computer system are devices that connect using
physical cables, typically for network access, data transfer, or power delivery. Wired connections
often provide more stability, speed, and security compared to wireless connections, making them
preferable in many professional and home computing setups. (Quora, 2022)
Conclusion: The hardware components of a computer system work in harmony to enable
functionality, processing, and user interaction. Each component has a specific role, and together
they form the foundation of a computer's capabilities, from basic computing tasks to complex
operations like video editing, gaming, and AI computation. Understanding these components
helps in optimizing a system for specific tasks and improving overall performance.
References:
1. Indeed Editorial Team (2023) 14 Basic Components Of A Computer System (With Functions)
https://in.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/components-of-a-computer
2. BasuMallick, C. (2022) SSD vs. HDD: Choosing Your Storage Solution.
https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/tech-101/articles/ssd-vs-hdd/
3. BasuMallick, C. (2024) Computer architecture: components, types and examples.
https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/tech-general/articles/what-is-computer-architecture/
4. Computer - input devices (no date).
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm
5. GeeksforGeeks (2023) Input and output devices. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/input-and-
output-devices/
6. TouchPad (2024). https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/touchpad.htm
7. Intel, (no date) What Is a GPU?
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/processors/what-is-a-gpu.html
8. Wikipedia (2024) Optical Disc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc
9. Wikipedia (2024) Game Controller https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_controller
10. Wikipedia (2023) USB Flash Drive https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive
11. Wikipedia (2023) Bluetooth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
12. Wikipedia (2023) Printer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)
13. Wikipedia (2024) 4G https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
14. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (1998) Peripheral device | Definition & Examples.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/input-output-device
15. Contributor, T. (2023) network interface card (NIC).
https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/network-interface-card
16. Quora (2022) Wired vs Wireless Communication and their differences
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-main-differences-between-wired-and-wireless-
communications
17. Wikipedia (2024) Computer Cooling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cooling

2.2 Discuss the common Software components of a computer system.

Introduction: The software components of a computer system refer to the programs and
operating information that direct the hardware to perform tasks. These components can be
divided into several categories, including system software, application software, and
development software.

Software Information
Operating System (OS) The operating system is the most critical
system software that manages hardware
resources and provides an interface between
the user and the hardware. It allows
applications to interact with the hardware and
manages system resources such as memory,
CPU, and input/output devices. Windows,
Kali, Ubuntu, Fedora, Mac OS etc are
examples of some Operating Systems.
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024 & Indeed
Editorial Team, 2023 & System software
components, no date)
Device Drivers Device drivers are specialized system
software that allow the operating system to
communicate with hardware devices. Each
hardware component in the system, like
printers, graphics cards, and network
adapters, requires a corresponding driver to
function properly. Examples: Printer drivers,
graphics card drivers (NVIDIA, AMD), sound
card drivers, and network adapter drivers.
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024 & System
software components, no date)
Utilities Utility software is designed to perform
specific tasks that help maintain, analyze, and
optimize the computer system's performance.
These are generally small programs with
focused functionality. Programs like Norton,
 McAfee, and Windows Defender scan the
system for malware, protect against viruses,
and ensure data security through firewalls and
threat detection.
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024 & Indeed
Editorial Team, 2023)
Application Software Application software consists of programs
designed to perform specific tasks for users,
such as word processing, gaming, or web
browsing. It operates on top of the operating
system and relies on system software to
function. Includes applications that assist
users in performing office and personal
productivity tasks, such as word processing
(Microsoft Word), spreadsheet management
(Excel), presentations (PowerPoint), and
email (Outlook).
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024 & Indeed
Editorial Team, 2023 & System software
components, no date)
Programming and Development Software Programming and Development software
includes the tools and environments used to
create, debug, and maintain software
applications. This category is critical for
developers building new software and
applications.
Key components include:
Integrated Development Environments
(IDEs): A platform that integrates code
writing, compiling, debugging, and other
development tasks into one environment.
Examples are Microsoft Visual Studio, IntelliJ
IDEA, Eclipse, PyCharm.
Compilers: Convert source code written in a
high-level programming language into
machine code that the computer can execute.
Examples: GCC (GNU Compiler Collection),
Clang, Java Compiler (javac).
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024)
Middleware Middleware is software that acts as a bridge
between different applications or between an
application and the underlying network. It
allows communication and data management
between distributed systems. Key functions
include:
Data Integration: Ensures that different
 applications can exchange data in a
compatible format.
Communication: Enables distributed systems
or components to interact, such as client-
server models or cloud-based applications.
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2024)

Conclusion: The software components of a computer system play an essential role in managing
hardware resources, executing applications, providing development tools, and securing data.
These components work in conjunction with hardware to perform various functions, ranging
from system management to application processing. Each category of software, from the
operating system to security software, is vital for ensuring that the computer operates efficiently,
securely, and reliably.
References:
1. Indeed Editorial Team (2024) computer software examples https://www.indeed.com/career-
advice/career-development/computer-software-examples
2. System software components (no date ) https://sites.ualberta.ca/dept/chemeng/AIX-
43/share/man/info/C/a_doc_lib/aixuser/aixqbeg/sys_sfw_comps.htm
3. Indeed Editorial Team (2023) 14 Basic Components Of A Computer System (With Functions)
https://in.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/components-of-a-computer
2.3 Evaluate the differences between open source and closed source software.
Introduction: Closed software is a type of program with coding that requires users to pay for it
inorder to access the software for use and while open-source software is a type of program that
allows users to make changes to the coding and share it with other users for use. Open-source
and closed-source software are two fundamental approaches to software development and
distribution. They both have their own strengths and weaknesses. Each model has distinct
characteristics that differentiate them in terms of accessibility, development methodology,
licensing, support, and security. Below are some of the differences between open-source and
closed-source software:

Feature Open Source Closed Source

Source Code Access & Software whose source code Closed-source software is
Customization is made available to the software where the source
public, allowing anyone to code is not available to the
view, modify, and distribute public, and only the original
it. Users have full access to developers (or authorized
the source code, enabling parties) can modify or inspect
them to inspect how the it. As a result, users do not
software works, modify it to have access to the source
 suit their needs, and share code; they can only use the
improvements. (Raza, 2024 software as provided by the
& Reddit, 2012) vendor under strict licensing
Advantage: Developers from terms.
around the world can (Raza, 2024 & Reddit, 2012)
contribute to improving the Advantage: The proprietary
software. (Yevtushenko, model allows companies to
2023) protect their intellectual
Disadvantage: It is easily property, maintaining
accessible to hackers exclusive control over the
(Yevtushenko, 2023) code. (Yevtushenko, 2023)
Disadvantage: Solving any
problems can take a long time
(Yevtushenko, 2023)

Licensing Open-source software is Closed-source software

typically distributed under typically comes with a
licenses that allow users to proprietary license, meaning
freely use, modify, and users purchase or acquire the
distribute the software. right to use the software but
Common open-source are prohibited from
licenses include the GNU modifying or redistributing it.
General Public License (Raza, 2024 Reddit, 2012)
(GPL), MIT License, and Advantage: Safe from
Apache License. (Raza, 2024 property theft or unauthorized
& Reddit, 2012) malicious edits to the
Advantage: No per-seat or software. (Raza, 2024)
per-device licensing fees,
especially useful for large-
scale deployments. This
allows any users to make any
edits and contribute to the
software easily. (Raza, 2024)
Development Model Type Open-source software is often Closed-source software is
& Innovation developed in a decentralized, developed by a specific
collaborative manner. organization or company with
Contributions come from a dedicated in-house team of
independent developers, developers. The software’s
organizations, and evolution is controlled by the
communities across the company, which may lead to
globe. Due to its open nature, more consistent development
innovations and but possibly slower updates
improvements are contributed and feature releases. (Raza,
by a diverse group of 2024)
developers. This can result in Advantage: Centralized
faster evolution and a wide development often ensures a
 variety of features. (Raza, consistent design and higher
2024) quality assurance before
Advantage: Large community release.
contributions can identify and (Raza, 2024)
resolve bugs quickly.
(Raza, 2024)
Support Support for open-source Closed-source software is
software is typically provided usually backed by dedicated,
through community forums, professional customer support
wikis, and user groups. Some teams. Companies offer
organizations even offer paid structured support via phone,
support services for open- email, or online help desks.
source solutions. (Raza, (Raza, 2024)
2024) Advantage: Typically
Advantage: A large, active provides dedicated, reliable
community can provide customer service with
support for troubleshooting guarantees. (Yevtushenko,
and customization. 2023)
(Yevtushenko, 2023) Disadvantage: Support
Disadvantage: Quality of services are usually tied to
support can vary, and the purchase or subscription
response times depend on the cost and can be expensive for
community or the availability large organizations. (Raza,
of paid support services. 2024)
(Yevtushenko, 2023)

Security Open-source software follows Closed-source software relies

the principle of "many eyes," on internal developers to
where a large community of maintain the software's
developers can inspect the security. The code is not open
code for vulnerabilities. for public inspection. (Raza,
(Raza, 2024) 2024)
Advantage: Anyone can audit Advantage: The company has
the code for vulnerabilities, full control over who can
leading to quick identification access and modify the
and resolution of security software, reducing the risk of
flaws. (Raza, 2024 Reddit, unintentional security
2012) breaches. (Raza, 2024
Disadvantage: Since the code Reddit, 2012)
is open, malicious actors can Disadvantage: Companies
also find vulnerabilities and may be slower to release
exploit them if patches are security patches compared to
not applied promptly. (Raza, the open-source community.
2024) (Raza, 2024)

Price Most open-source software is Closed-source software

 free to use, although some usually requires users to
organizations offer paid purchase a license, which can
versions with additional range from a one-time
features or support. (Raza, purchase to a subscription-
2024 & Reddit, 2012) based model. (Raza, 2024 &
Advantage: Open-source Reddit, 2012)
software is generally free to Advantage: Often offers
download and use, making it more out-of-the-box features
an attractive option for and support, justifying the
individuals and businesses cost. (Raza, 2024)
looking to save costs. (Raza, Disadvantage: Can be
2024) expensive, especially for
Disadvantage: For some enterprise licenses or
users, costs may arise from subscription models. (Raza,
the need for paid support or 2024)
hiring experts to manage and
maintain the software. (Raza,
2024)

Conclusion: The choice between open-source and closed-source software depends on the user's
specific needs. Open-source software offers flexibility, transparency, and cost savings but may
require more technical expertise for support and customization. Closed-source software offers
professional support, ease of use, and integrated features but typically comes at a higher cost
with restricted control over the code. Each model has its advantages, making it important to
weigh the pros and cons based on the intended application, environment, and user requirements.
References:
1.Raza, K. (2024) 'Choosing the Best Software: Open Source vs Closed Source,' UltaHost Blog,
7 October. https://ultahost.com/blog/open-source-vs-closed-source/
2.Yevtushenko, V. (2023) What is differences between open source and closed source software.
https://api2cart.com/business/differences-between-open-source-and-closed-source-software/
3. Reddit (2012) Pros and cons of open and closed source software
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskTechnology/comments/17qvtf/what_are_the_pros_and_cons_of_op
en_and_closed/

3. Be able to configure computer system.

3.1 Analyse different operating systems and their suitability in managing resources in a
professional environment.
Introduction: Analyzing different operating systems (OS) in terms of their suitability for
managing resources in a professional environment requires considering factors like performance,
security, compatibility, user experience, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. When selecting an
operating system (OS) for a professional environment, it's crucial to assess how effectively it
manages resources and aligns with organizational needs. Below are major operating systems,
their advantages in resource management, and their disadvantages in professional settings.

Operating Information Resource Strengths Weakness

System Management
Microsoft Microsoft Windows Memory Widespread Security
Windows is one of the most Management: Software Vulnerabilities:
widely used Windows uses Support: Windows is a
operating systems virtual memory Supports the frequent target of
globally, and the pagefile majority of malware and
particularly in to manage commercial cyberattacks due
professional and memory software, to its widespread
corporate efficiently, including use, requiring
environments. It ensuring productivity robust security
offers a user- multitasking is tools, enterprise measures.
friendly interface smooth even solutions, and System Bloat:
and is compatible when physical specialized Over time,
with a wide range memory is business Windows
of software constrained. applications. installations can
applications, Task Scheduling: User-friendly become bloated
including The OS uses a Interface: Easy with unnecessary
productivity tools preemptive to navigate for files, slowing
and business- multitasking both technical down system
specific software. approach, and non- performance.
Best for: Corporate allocating CPU technical users, Licensing Costs:
offices, general resources reducing training Windows and its
business use, and efficiently time. associated
enterprises among multiple Enterprise enterprise tools
requiring a wide applications. Management: (e.g., Windows
range of software Disk Windows Server Server,
support and Management: supports features Microsoft
centralized network Windows like Active Office) can be
management. includes tools Directory for expensive,
(Feder, 2022) like Disk centralized especially for
Cleanup, management, large-scale
Defragmentation making it a deployments.
, and BitLocker strong choice for (GeeksforGeeks
for optimizing corporate , 2020)
storage and networks.
 securing data. (GeeksforGeeks
(GeeksforGeeks , 2020)
, 2020)

macOS macOS, developed Memory User Experience: Cost: Apple

(Apple) by Apple, is known Management: It offers a highly hardware
for its sleek macOS uses polished (MacBooks,
interface, strong dynamic interface that is iMacs) is
security features, memory intuitive and less significantly
and stability. It's management prone to crashes, more expensive
widely used in with advanced making it ideal than most
creative industries, features like for creative Windows-based
but its popularity is memory professionals. machines, which
growing in compression, Stability and may not be ideal
professional allowing Security: macOS for cost-sensitive
environments due to applications to is less vulnerable businesses.
its reliability and run efficiently. to malware Limited
integration with Energy compared to Software
Apple's hardware Efficiency: Windows, with Compatibility:
ecosystem. Optimized for strong built-in While macOS
Best for: Creative power efficiency, security features supports many
professionals (e.g., particularly in like Gatekeeper professional
designers, video Apple’s and XProtect. tools, it may lack
editors), businesses hardware, Integration with compatibility
using Apple’s making it Apple Hardware: with certain
ecosystem, and excellent for The OS is finely industry-specific
environments mobile tuned for applications,
requiring high computing. performance and especially those
performance and File System: The power tailored for
security. APFS (Apple management on Windows.
(Feder, 2022) File System) Apple devices, Hardware Lock-
ensures fast, particularly with in: macOS is
reliable, and the new M1 and restricted to
efficient storage M2 chips. Apple hardware,
management, (Rehman, 2024) which limits
particularly for flexibility in
SSDs. terms of
(Rehman, 2024) hardware
choices and
upgrades.
(Rehman, 2024)
Linux Linux is a free, Resource Customizability: Learning Curve:
(Various open-source Efficiency: Linux allows For non-
Distributions operating system Linux is known users to modify technical users,
) with a variety of for being the OS to fit Linux can be
distributions lightweight and specific needs, difficult to learn
 (distros), including can run making it ideal and navigate,
Ubuntu, Fedora, efficiently on for developers especially for
Debian, CentOS, low-spec and system distributions that
and Red Hat hardware, administrators. rely heavily on
Enterprise Linux making it highly Security: Linux command-line
(RHEL). It is customizable for is highly secure interfaces.
commonly used in different use due to its open- Software
server environments cases. source nature, Compatibility:
but is gaining File Systems: frequent updates, Linux does not
traction on Ext4 and Btrfs and lower support many
desktops, especially provide susceptibility to commercial
in development, advanced file viruses and software
scientific, and system features, malware applications
academic settings. including compared to natively (e.g.,
Best for: IT journaling and Windows. Microsoft
professionals, snapshot support Cost: Most Office, Adobe
software for better data Linux Suite), which
developers, system integrity. distributions are can hinder
administrators, Multitasking and free, which can adoption in some
server Process Control: significantly professional
environments, and Linux excels in reduce costs, environments.
organizations multitasking especially in Vendor Support:
focused on open- with efficient server Although there
source software. process control environments. are enterprise-
(Feder, 2022) mechanisms, (Saha, 2023) grade
ensuring smooth distributions
operation even (e.g., RHEL)
under heavy that offer
loads. support, free
(Saha, 2023) versions of
Linux may lack
professional-
grade customer
support.
(Saha, 2023)
Unix Unix is a powerful, Multitasking: Stability and Cost:
multiuser OS that Unix handles Reliability: Unix Commercial
forms the basis for multiple is renowned for Unix systems
many other processes its uptime and (e.g., IBM AIX,
operating systems, efficiently, stability, making Oracle Solaris)
including Linux and making it ideal it a preferred can be expensive
macOS. While less for systems with choice for to license and
common on many concurrent mission-critical maintain,
personal desktops, users or tasks. systems. limiting its use
Unix is widely used File Systems: Security: Unix to large
in academic, Unix uses robust offers a strong enterprises.
 research, and file system user permission Complexity:
enterprise mechanisms like model and is Unix is generally
environments, UFS (Unix File generally secure considered
particularly in System) and against external difficult to
servers and ZFS, which are threats. master, requiring
mainframes. designed for Scalability: Unix extensive
Best for: Large high reliability can scale easily, knowledge and
enterprises, and data managing large experience to
telecommunications integrity. numbers of users manage
systems, research Networking: and large effectively.
institutions, and Unix excels in volumes of data Limited
server environments networking with minimal Hardware
requiring high capabilities, performance Compatibility:
stability and making it degradation. Unix is designed
scalability. suitable for (Rehman, 2024) for specific
(Wikipedia large-scale, hardware
contributors, 2024) distributed platforms
systems. (mainframes,
(Wikipedia enterprise
contributors & servers), making
Rehman, 2024) it less flexible
compared to
Linux or
Windows.
(Rehman, 2024)
Chrome OS Chrome OS is a Cloud-based Simplicity: Limited
lightweight, cloud- Operation: Chrome OS is Functionality:
centric operating Chrome OS designed for Chrome OS
system developed offloads most of ease of use, with relies heavily on
by Google. It is its tasks to cloud a minimal web-based
designed primarily servers, reducing interface that applications,
for internet-based the need for focuses on web which can limit
activities, relying powerful applications, its utility in
heavily on web hardware. making it ideal professional
applications and Energy for users with environments
cloud storage rather Efficiency: The basic computing that require
than traditional OS is optimized needs. complex desktop
desktop for long battery Security: It applications.
applications. life, making it provides robust Offline
Best for: ideal for mobile security features, Limitations:
Educational professionals. including While Chrome
institutions, Simplified automatic OS has some
lightweight office Management: updates, offline
tasks, and Chrome OS sandboxing, and capabilities, its
environments that offers minimal verified boot, full potential is
rely on cloud-based local resource ensuring a realized only
 tools and management, highly secure with an internet
collaboration. focusing more environment. connection,
(Feder, 2022) on cloud-based Cost-effective: which can be a
applications and Chrome OS limitation in
services. devices areas with poor
(Rehman, 2024) (Chromebooks) connectivity.
are generally Software
less expensive Compatibility:
than Windows or Chrome OS
macOS laptops, doesn’t support
making them a many
good option for professional-
budget- grade desktop
conscious software
organizations. applications
(Rehman, 2024) natively, which
can limit its use
in certain
industries.
(Rehman, 2024)

Conclusion: Selecting the appropriate operating system for a professional environment involves
balancing usability, security, compatibility, and cost considerations. Each operating systems have
their own strengths and weaknesses and hence are suited for certain tasks. Organizations should
evaluate their specific needs and the tasks they aim to perform to choose an OS that aligns with
their operational objectives and resource management requirements.
References:
1.Feder, M. (2022) Operating system examples and their differences.
https://www.phoenix.edu/blog/top-operating-systems.html
2.Wikipedia contributors (2024) Unix. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
3. Rehman, J. (2024) What are advantages and disadvantages of UNIX operating system - IT
Release. https://www.itrelease.com/2021/03/what-are-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-unix-
operating-system/
4. GeeksforGeeks (2020) Advantages and disadvantages of Windows operating system.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-windows-operating-system/?
ref=oin_asr1
5. Rehman, J. (2024a) Advantages and disadvantages of Chrome operating system - IT Release.
https://www.itrelease.com/2021/03/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-chrome-operating-system/
6. Rehman, J. (2024b) What are advantages and disadvantages of macOS - IT Release.
https://www.itrelease.com/2019/10/what-are-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-macos/
7. Saha, S. (2023) What are the Top Advantages and Disadvantages of Linux? - Scaler Topics.
https://www.scaler.com/topics/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-linux/

3.2 Describe the characteristics of different styles of computer system users.

Introduction: Computer system users can vary greatly based on their level of expertise, purpose
of usage, and familiarity with technology. Each style used by different levelled skilled users for
specific works

Users Information Used by

End Users (General Users) Low to moderate technical Office workers, students,
skills are required. End users home users, retail workers.
interact with computer (Quora, no date)
systems to perform specific
tasks, such as creating
documents, browsing the
internet, or using productivity
software. They typically use
graphical user interfaces
(GUIs) and require user-
friendly software that is easy
to navigate. (Quora, no date
& W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Power Users Requires high level of Graphic designers, video
proficiency with computer editors, software developers,
systems and applications. engineers.
Power users tend to push the (Quora, no date)
system beyond its standard
usage, often customizing or
optimizing the system to meet
specific needs. They use
command-line interfaces
(CLI) and are adept at
tweaking system settings to
improve performance.
(Quora, no date & W.S.
Toh, 2022 & Interaction
styles, no date)
System Administrators Requires extensive IT administrators in
(SysAdmins) knowledge of hardware, enterprises, data center
software, networking, and managers, cloud service
 operating systems. providers. (Quora, no date)
SysAdmins are responsible
for managing and
maintaining computer
systems, networks, and
servers, ensuring they run
efficiently and securely.
Server management software
(e.g., Windows Server, Linux
servers), network monitoring
tools, virtualization software,
database management
systems, and scripting
languages. (Quora, no date
& W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Developers (Programmers) Requires High proficiency in Software engineers, app
coding, programming developers, web developers,
languages, and software data scientists.
development tools. (Quora, no date)
Developers create, test, and
maintain software
applications, focusing on both
back-end and front-end
aspects. They interact with
the system using integrated
development environments
(IDEs), code editors,
debuggers, and version
control systems. They are
familiar with both GUI and
CLI interactions, and often
work within specific software
environments (e.g., Linux for
development). (Quora, no
date & W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Technical Support Users Requires Moderate to high Help desk technicians, IT
technical skills with a focus support specialists, customer
on troubleshooting and service representatives.
problem-solving. Technical (Quora, no date)
support users assist end users
by resolving issues with
hardware, software, or
network systems. They may
also perform routine system
 maintenance and updates.
They interact with the system
through diagnostic tools, help
desk software, and remote
desktop software to
troubleshoot and resolve user
issues. (Quora, no date &
W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Researchers and Scientists Requires high expertise in Data scientists, academic
specific domains (e.g., researchers, engineers,
physics, biology, data physicists.
science) combined with (Quora, no date)
advanced computing
knowledge. These users
utilize computer systems for
data analysis, simulations,
and complex calculations in
scientific research and
academic work. They often
work with specialized
software for data analysis,
modeling, and simulations. In
many cases, they interact
with high-performance
computing (HPC) systems or
cloud platforms. Researchers
often need powerful
computing resources, such as
multi-core processors, large
memory systems, or GPUs
for simulations or data
processing. (Quora, no date
& W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Mobile Users Low to moderate proficiency Salespeople, remote workers,
required as they are focused field technicians.
on mobile devices and cloud- (Quora, no date)
based services. These users
depend on mobile devices
(smartphones, tablets) to
perform tasks on the go, such
as accessing emails,
collaborating on documents,
and browsing the internet.
They rely on touchscreen
 interfaces, mobile operating
systems (e.g., Android, iOS),
and cloud services to access
resources. Mobile users often
rely on cloud infrastructure
and remote services for data
storage and computing
power, with limited local
system capabilities. (Quora,
no date & W.S. Toh, 2022 &
Interaction styles, no date)
Casual Users Very low technical Elderly users, children, casual
knowledge required as casual internet users
users typically engage with (Quora, no date)
basic system functionality.
Their usage is limited to basic
tasks such as web browsing,
social media, watching
videos, and online shopping.
They rely heavily on GUI,
often using smartphones or
simple interfaces that require
minimal technical
understanding and are usually
satisfied with basic
computing devices, such as
tablets or low-cost laptops.
(Quora, no date & W.S.
Toh, 2022 & Interaction
styles, no date)

Conclusion: Different types of computer system users can be categorized based on their
interaction style and level of expertise. From end users who prioritize ease of use and simplicity,
to system administrators and developers who need deep access and control, each group interacts
with technology in unique ways. Understanding these differences helps in designing software
and hardware that meets the specific needs of each user type.
References:
1. W.S. Toh (2022) 19 Types of Computer Users https://red-dot-geek.com/types-of-computer-
users/
2. Interaction styles (no date). https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-glossary-of-
human-computer-interaction/interaction-styles
3. What are the different types of computer users? (no date). https://www.quora.com/What-are-
the-different-types-of-computer-users

3.3 Evaluate suitable components to meet user requirements within a professional

environment.
Introduction: In a professional environment, selecting the right computer components is
essential to optimize productivity, ensure reliable performance, and support specific work tasks.
Each professional setting has unique requirements, from high-processing power for engineering
and design work to efficient multitasking capabilities for administrative functions. By carefully
evaluating components such as the CPU, RAM, storage, graphics card, and peripherals,
organizations can build or customize systems that best suit the needs of their employees. This
evaluation considers the primary user requirements within diverse professional roles, ensuring
that hardware configurations align with performance, scalability, and budget.

User Purpose Suitable Components

Consumer and Office Users General productivity tasks, Hardware Components:
including document creation, CPU (Intel core i5), RAM (at
communication, and data least 8 GB), Storage
entry. (Preferably SSD), High-
(Tropical Danny, 2023) resolution monitors (1080p),
printer, keyboard and mouse
Software Components:
Windows 10/11 Pro or
macOS. Microsoft Office 365
or Google Workspace.
Antivirus and endpoint
protection, like Norton or
Bitdefender.
(Tropical Danny, 2023)
Creative Professionals Users Graphic design, video Hardware Components:
(Designers, Video Editors) editing, and multimedia CPU (Intel core i9), RAM (at
creation. least 32 GB), Storage
(Ugwu, U.P. 2024) (Preferably SSD), High-end
GPU (NVIDIA GeForce RTX
or AMD Radeon), Color-
accurate 4K monitors, mouse
and keyboard.
Software Components:
MacOS or Windows. Adobe
Creative Cloud (Photoshop,
Premiere Pro, etc.), Blender,
or Autodesk tools. Cloud
storage solutions like
 Dropbox or Google Drive.
(Ugwu, U.P. 2024)
Technical Support and IT Managing systems, Hardware Components:
Professional Users troubleshooting, and CPU (Intel core i7), RAM (at
providing support across least 16 GB), GPU (NVIDIA
platforms. GeForce GTX 1650) ,
(Quora, 2024) Storage (Preferably
SSD),1080p Monitors, High-
speed Ethernet adapters,
keyboard and Mouse
Software Components:
Operating system as
Windows and Linux.
VirtualBox or VMware.
Software like Wireshark,
SCCM, and remote desktop
tools
(wmich.edu, no.date &
Quora, 2024)
Developers and Programmers Coding, compiling, and Hardware Components:
testing software applications. CPU (Intel core i7), RAM (at
(Sakete ,2023) least 16 GB), Storage
(Preferably SSD), GPU
(NVIDIA GTX 1660), 1080p
monitor, mouse, keyboard.
Software Components:
Windows, Linux or MacOS.
Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA,
or VS Code (depending on
programming needs). Git
with GitHub or GitLab for
collaborative projects and
version tracking.
(Wirtz B. 2020 & Sakete ,
2023)
System Architects and Designing and managing Hardware Components:
Engineers complex system CPU (Intel Xeon or core
infrastructure, including i7/9), RAM (32GB), Storage
virtual environments and (SSD or high-quality HDD),
cloud platforms. 1080p Monitor, Keyboard,
(Uwm.edu, 2024) mouse, Enterprise-grade
network adapters and
multiple NICs.
Software Components:
 Linux (preferably Ubuntu
Server or CentOS) and
Windows Server. VMware or
Hyper-V. Software like
SolarWinds and Nagios.
(Uwm.edu, 2024 &
Arch.tamu.edu, 2024)

Conclusion: Choosing the right components for a professional environment requires a balanced
consideration of performance, scalability, and budget constraints. By aligning hardware
selections with specific job requirements, organizations can foster a productive workspace that
meets user needs effectively. A tailored setup not only enhances efficiency but also provides a
long-term investment in workplace functionality and employee satisfaction.
References:
1. Tropical Danny (2023) What ss the minimum specs you need for basic work
https://www.reddit.com/r/computers/comments/16bdlre/what_is_the_minimum_cpuspecs_youd_
need_for_basic/
2. Ugwu, U.P. (2024) 'Minimum Video Editing System Requirements that Work | PUA,' Pat
Ugwu Academy, 20 August. https://patugwu.com/blog/video-editing-system-requirements/
3. Wirtz B. (2020) Minimum requirements and hardware for coding | Career Karma.
https://careerkarma.com/blog/computer-specs-for-programming/
4. Sakete (2023) 'Minimum hardware requirements for a developer/software engineer?,' Ars
OpenForum. https://arstechnica.com/civis/threads/minimum-hardware-requirements-for-a-
developer-software-engineer.1483109/
5. Laptop & Software Requirements - School of Architecture & Urban Planning (2024).
https://uwm.edu/sarup/architecture/laptop-requirement/
6. Architecture Majors Computer Requirements - Texas A&M University College of Architecture
(2024). https://www.arch.tamu.edu/resources/architecture-majors-computer-requirements/
7. Quora (2024) What Specs should my PC have as I am starting my CS engineering with
specialization in cybersecurity? https://www.quora.com/Which-specs-should-my-laptop-have-I-
am-starting-my-CS-engineering-with-specialization-in-cybersecurity-and-my-budget-is-about-
1500-or-1-00-000-I-need-it-for-college-as-well-as-external-courses-and-internships
8. Technology Requirements | Western Michigan University (no date).
https://wmich.edu/cybersecurity/tech-requirements
3.4 Configure a computer system for a given user requirement.
Introduction: considering computer system configuration for a software developer specializing
in web and mobile application development, using software like Visual Studio, Android Studio,
Docker, and Git for version control. This system will prioritize processing power, memory, and
multi-tasking capabilities while also ensuring compatibility with multiple development
environments.

Steps Details
Set up First setup and connect all the computer
hardware which includes: CPU (Intel Core
i7), 32GB RAM, Storage (SSD), GPU
(NVIDIA GTX 1660), ethernet, keyboard,
mouse and a 1080p monitor and turn on PC.
(Quora, 2024 & Sakete, 2023)
Installation Then install operating system Windows 11
Pro with WSL (Windows Subsystem for
Linux), then establish a network connection
and install security software like Norton,
Microsoft word, create backups and update or
install any missing device drivers. Also be
sure to set up email and cloud storage.
(Chacos, 2024 & Quora, 2024)
Install Visual Studio Code, JetBrains IntelliJ
IDEA, PyCharm, Eclipse as tools for work
like writing, compiling, and debugging code
and Git to track code changes, collaborate
with others, and manage multiple versions of
projects. (KeyPup, no date)
Utilities Visual Studio Code extensions like Prettier
(for code formatting) and ESLint (for syntax
checks). VMware or Virtual Box for
virtualization and Task Manager for system
monitoring. Disk cleaner to clean up space.
(Chacos, 2024 & Yegulalp, 2020)
Conclusion: This configuration is tailored to meet the needs of a software developer, balancing
performance with cost-effectiveness. The recommended setup ensures that the developer can
handle all tasks, from coding and compiling to testing and debugging, without performance
bottlenecks.
References:
1. The 10 Best Developer Tools | KeyPup (no date). https://www.keypup.io/blog/new-developer-
10-apps-you-should-use
2. Chacos, B. (2024) How to set up your new computer.
https://www.pcworld.com/article/419905/how-to-set-up-new-computer.html
3. Yegulalp, S. (2020) 6 Windows desktop utilities every software developer needs.
https://www.infoworld.com/article/2258235/6-windows-desktop-utilities-every-software-
developer-needs.html
4. Quora (2024) What computer specs are best for software developers, and what are the costs?
https://www.quora.com/What-computer-specs-are-best-for-software-developers-and-what-are-
the-costs
5. Sakete (2023) 'Minimum hardware requirements for a developer/software engineer?, Ars
OpenForum. https://arstechnica.com/civis/threads/minimum-hardware-requirements-for-a-
developer-software-engineer.1483109/