Basics of Computer and

Microsoft

Windows
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED:

01 CO MPUTER BAS ICS

02 WIN DO WS BAS ICS

COMPUTER
BASICS
What is
computer?
A computer is an electronic device
that stores, retrieves, and processes
data, and can be programmed with
instructions. It is composed of
hardware and software, and can exist
in a variety of sizes and
configurations.
What are the Basic Parts of a
Computer System?

All computer systems need two types of par ts th at

work together to make them run. These par ts ar e
the hardware and the s oftware . The hardware refers
to the mechani cal, magneti c, electron i c, an d
electri cal components maki ng up a compu ter
system. The software refers to the w r i tten pr ogr ams
or procedures or rules and associ ated
documentati on pertai ni ng to the oper ati on of a
computer system that are stored i n r ead/w r i te
memory.
 The Common Computer Hardware and
Peripheral Devices
Computer Tower Monitor Keyboard
/ Case
is the display screen, similar to a television is where you type on,
is a box that contains screen. similar to a typewriter.
all the parts that make
the computer work. It
can be identified by
the fact that it does
not seem to do
anything. It also has
slots to put computer
disks in.
 The Common Computer Hardware and
Peripheral Devices
Mouse Printer Scanner
is the small hand held
is a device that puts what you have created is a device that
device that attaches to
on to paper. capture pictures so
the computer. It may
that they can be seen
have two or
and used on the
three buttons. The
computer, similar to a
mouse is used to move
color photocopier.
the cursor (pointer) on
the computer screen.
 The Common Computer Hardware and
Peripheral Devices
Hard Disk USB Flash Drive CD-ROM/DVD Floppy Disk
is a device that holds is a large capacity, drive is very similar to a (sometimes just called
all the information that compact, fast and stereo’s CD/DVD player. a “disk”) looks like a
is stored on a reliable portable storage It does not only play plastic card that can
computer. Unlike a device. music but also retrieve be put into a
floppy disk the hard information stored on slot in the front of the
disk cannot be CD's/DVD’s. computer. These disks
removed from the hold information and
computer but stores can be used to
much more exchange information
information. between computers.
HOW TO USE THE MOUSE?

Th e m ou s e is a h an d h el d de vi ce that lets
you in teract with th e compu t er by
poin tin g to th in gs on th e s creen . When
you move the mouse on a fl a t surface a
cu rs or (poin ter) m oves on th e screen . By
u s in g the bu tto n s on th e m ouse you can
ch oos e, h igh l igh t an d m ove objects .
THE FOLLOWING LIST OF TERMS DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT WAYS A
MOUSE CAN BE USED:

Right clicking - Clicking

Left clicking - the right button while the
Clicking - Pointing Clicking the left pointer is over something
to an item an d button while the on the screen will bring up
qu ickly pressing and pointer is over a men u of option s. Th is
releasing the mouse something on the menu is the list of things
bu tto n . screen select you that can be done with that
will select. o bject. (ex . co py an d
paste)
 THE FOLLOWING LIST OF TERMS DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT WAYS A
MOUSE CAN BE USED:

Dragging - Holding down

D ou ble -clicking - Dropping - After
the mouse button while
D o uble -clicking dragging an item,
over an object will grab
mean s clickin g releasing the mouse
onto it. If you move the
twice with yo u r left button will leave
mouse while holding down
m o u se bu tto n very (drop) the object at
the mouse button you will
fast. Th is is u sed to the new place on
be able to move (drag)
begin programs. the screen.
the object to a new place
on the screen.
 WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF SOFTWARE?
Th ere are t wo kin ds of soft ware t h at make t h e compu t er work: t h e Ope rating
Syste m (OS) an d t h e Application .

Operating System
Th e Ope ra tin g Syste m is t h e base program on a
compu t er. It t ells t h e compu t er h ow t o work or
operat e. Th e operat in g sy st em also allows y ou t o
load ot h er programs t h at do specialized t asks on t o
y ou r compu t er. U NIX, MacOS an d Microsoft Win dows
are ex amples of operat in g sy st em.

Application Software
Ap p lications Softwa re is programs bein g in st alled
in t h e compu t er t o do specialized t asks. Word,
W ordPerfect , Ex cel, Win dows Ex plorer an d Net scape
a re ex amples of applicat ion .
WHAT IS A
FILE?
• A f i le is a complete, name d
collection of inf ormation, s uch as
a program, a s et of data us e d by a
programmer, or a us er -cre ated
document. A file is the basic unit
of s torage that enables a
computer to dis tinguis h one s e t
of i nf ormation f rom anothe r. It i s
a collection of data that a us e r
can retrieve, change, delete, save,
or s end to an output dev ice, s uch
as a printer or e -mail program.
 WHAT IS A
FOLDER?
A fol der is a container for pro gram s
and fil es in graphical us er
interfaces , s ymbolized on the
s creen by a graphical image ( i co n)
of a fil e fol der. A fol der is a m eans
of organizing programs and
documents on a dis k and can ho l d
both fil es and additional fo l ders .
HOW TO START OR BOOT THE COMPUTER?
There are two ways to Start o r Bo o t the C o m puter:

Warm boot - the res tarti ng o f a running co m puter

without firs t turni ng o ff the po w er; al s o cal l ed s o ft
s tart/boot. It i s do ne by pres s i ng C trl + Alt+ Del o n the
keyboard together.

C old boot - a s tartup pro ces s that

begi ns w i th turni ng o n the co m puter’s
power by pres s i ng the Power button of
the C P U.
WINDOWS
BASICS
The Windows
Desktop
The desktop, which is the screen that you see
after you log on to Windows, is one of the most
important features on your computer. The
desktop can contain shortcuts to your frequently
used programs, documents, folders, and even
printers. To adjust settings such as the desktop's
color and background, right -click an empty area
on the desktop, and click the Properties. You can
also open Display properties in Control Panel to
change desktop settings.
 Wallpape r
Back gr ou n d patter n
for a compu ter
screen, composed of
gr aph i cs

Icon s
Repr esen ts
somethi ng such as a
pr ogr am or dev i ce,
th at i s acti v ated
by a mou se cl i ck

St art but t on
Opens the Tas kbar N ot ification Are a
Start Menu Shows runni ng Di splays n oti ces
programs when cer tai n
events occur
 Changing the Start Menu
Style
• To make ch an ges to h ow th e Star t men u
looks, select Star t , th en select Setti n gs >
Per son ali zati on > Star t. You can th en
ch an ge w h i ch apps an d folders appear on
th e Star t men u or assi gn mor e or less
space to th e Pi n n ed an d Recommen ded
secti on s.
• To pi n you r fav or i te apps to the Start
men u , select an d h old ( or r i gh t - cli ck) the
app you wan t to pi n . Th en select Pi n to
Star t .
• To gr ou p you r apps i n to folder s, si mply
dr ag an app on top of an other wi th mouse
or tou ch or h i gh li gh t th e app wi th you r
keyboar d an d u se th e Ctr l + Sh i ft + < L eft or
Ri gh t ar r ow> keyboar d sh or tcu t.
WHAT IS A WINDOW?

A window is a portio n of the screen

th at co n tain s its own docum ent or
m ess age . Th e screen can be divide d
in to s everal windows, each of which
h a s its own bo undaries and contains
a differen t doc ument or anot her view
of th e sam e document . Each windo w
m igh t al s o contain its own m enu or
other c ontrol s, and th e user might b e
abl e to en l arge or shrink individual .
KNOWING THE PARTS OF AN APPLICATION WINDOW
KNOWING THE PARTS OF AN APPLICATION WINDOW

Even though it no longer holds the

application name, or “title”, technically
the title bar is the entire top bar of the
Typically the system menu is in Immediately to the right of the System window and includes everything from
the upper left of every window Menu is a tab. Since there’s only one tab, it the System Menu on the left to the
and consists of the application represents the currently open document Close button on the right. In prior
icon. Example, you can see that in Notepad, and it contains the versions of Windows, the title bar
the system menu for Notepad is document’s name. If there are multiple often contained the name of the
the Notepad icon. tabs, the tab that appears to be in front of open document followed by the
all the others is the current document. name of the application — for
It’s called a menu because if you Clicking on different tabs will make its example, “Untitled – Untitled” —
click on it, a full menu of options contents visible. Clicking on the plus sign hence its name.
appears. to the right of the tab creates a new tab.
TITLE BAR
Not all applications use tabs, so this item
SYSTEM MENU may not always be present.

TAB
KNOWING THE PARTS OF AN APPLICATION WINDOW
MINIMIZE, MAXIMIZE, AND CLOSE BUTTONS

At the far right of nearly every window are three buttons.

Clicking the minimize (or minus) button on the left causes the window to disappear,
but it remains accessible as an icon or other item in the Windows taskbar.

Clicking the maximize button in the middle resizes the window to take up the entire
screen. When in this condition, the button is replaced with what’s called the “restore”
button.

Clicking the restore button will restore the window to its previous less-than-full-screen
size and position.

Clicking the close button (the X on the right) closes the window completely and
sometimes closes the application.
 KNOWING THE PARTS OF AN
APPLICATION WINDOW

Operating System Menu Bar

The application menu is Tec hnic a lly, the a pplic a tion

directly below the Sys tem menu is a pa rt of the entire
menu icon and any tabs. menu bar, which extends
E xactly what appea rs here a c ros s the width of the
varies from applica tion to window. Onc e a g a in, wha t
a pplication. Clicking on a n a ppea rs here will va ry f rom
item in this menu will open a pplic a tion to a pplic a tion.
sub -menus with specific
items.
Gear Icon
If the application does n ’t
a ppear to have its own It’s bec ome a ps eudo s ta nda rd tha t the
menu, try pressing a nd g ea r ic on indic a tes a nother menu. In
releasing the ALT key. One mos t c a s es , c lic king it dis pla ys a menu
c ommon user -interf a c e c onta ining a Setting s option a nd more. In
s tandard is to hide the Notepa d ’s c a s e, it dis pla ys a f ull window
menu until ALT is us ed. with the a va ila ble s etting s .
 KNOWING THE PARTS OF AN APPLICATION WINDOW

Cursor
The vertic a l ba r below the a pplic a tion menu is the a pplic a tion c urs or. The c urs or
repres ents your c urrent pos ition in the window. It’s where your next typed c ha ra c ter will
appear or other opera tions ta ke pla c e.

While s ometimes c onf us ing ly ref erred to a s a c urs or, the more c orrec t term f or your
mouse’s pointer is mous e pointer.

Status Bar
Many applications ha ve a ba r a c ros s the bottom of the window tha t c onta ins the s ta tus or
other information a bout the a pplic a tion’s s ta te. In Notepa d, you c a n s ee it inc ludes the
current line and c olumn pos ition of the c urs or, the zoom level, the type of text f ile being
edited (differentia ted by the line ending ; in this exa mple, a Windows text f ile tha t ends ea c h
line with Carriage Return and Line Feed characters), and the character set being used (UTF -8
being one form of the Unic ode c ha ra c ter s et tha t inc ludes thous a nds of s pec ia l c ha ra c ters ,
including emojis ).
 ADDITIONAL PARTS OF AN APPLICATION WINDOW
(Microsoft word)

QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR RIBBON

This toolbar is an addition to the It’s still somewhat controversial, but a

window’s title bar. It contains several ribbon is a larger collection of tools
items intended to be easily placed in a large area — a ribbon —
accessible at all times. All Microsoft across the top of the application.
Office apps have a Quick Access Often it replaces or hides the
toolbar, and it ’s becoming more application menu and menu bar. It’s
common in other applications as well. typically customizable in the
It’s often customizable in the program’s settings.
program ’s settings.
Naming Files
A f i le name i s a s e t of characters s erv ing as an
i de nti fyi ng ti tle f or a computer f ile. It can contain
le tte rs , numbe rs , s pace s and s pecial characters .
Some programs cannot i nte rpret long f ile names .
The limit for programs that do not support long file
name s i s e i ght characte rs . File names cannot
contai n the f ollowi ng characters : \ / : * ? " < > |.

Fi le name e xte ns i ons f ollow the period in a f ile

name and indicate the type of information stored
i n a f i le . For e xample, i n the f ile name Addres s .txt,
the f i le name e xte ns ion i s .txt, which indicates
that the f i le i s a te xt f i le .

When saving a file, type only the file name. The dot
(.) and the E xt are automati cally added by
the appli cati on.
THANK YOU
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