Python CheatSheet
Basics
Basic syntax from the Python programming language
Showing Output To User
The print function is used to display or print output as follows:
print("Content that you wanna print on screen")
We can display the content present in an object using the print function as
follows:
var1 = "Shruti"
print("Hi my name is: ", var1)
You can also use f-strings for cleaner output formatting:
name = "Shruti"
print(f"Hi my name is: {name}")
Taking Input From the User
The input function is used to take input as a string from the user:
var1 = input("Enter your name: ")
print("My name is: ", var1)
Typecasting allows us to convert input into other data types:
Integer input:
var1 = int(input("Enter the integer value: "))
print(var1)
Float input:
var1 = float(input("Enter the float value: "))
print(var1)
range Function
The range function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from start , up to
but not including stop , with a default step of 1:
range(start, stop, step)
Example - display all even numbers between 1 to 100:
for i in range(0, 101, 2):
print(i)
Comments
Single Line Comment
# This is a single line comment
Multi-line Comment (Docstring Style)
"""This is a
multi-line
comment"""
Escape Sequences
Common escape sequences:
• \n → Newline
• \t → Tab space
• \\ → Backslash
• \' → Single quote
• \" → Double quote
• \r → Carriage return
• \b → Backspace
Example:
print("Hello\nWorld")
Strings
Creation
variable_name = "String Data"
Indexing & Slicing
str = "Shruti"
print(str[0]) # S
print(str[1:4]) # hru
print(str[::-1]) # reverse string
Useful String Methods
• isalnum() → Check alphanumeric
• isalpha() → Check alphabetic
• isdigit() → Check digits
• islower() , isupper() → Check case
• isspace() → Check for whitespace
• lower() , upper() → Convert case
• strip() , lstrip() , rstrip() → Remove spaces
• startswith() , endswith() → Check prefixes/suffixes
• replace(old, new) → Replace substring
• split(delimiter) → Split string
• join(iterable) → Join elements into string
Example:
name = " Shruti "
print(name.strip())
Lists
Creation
my_list = [1, 2, 3, "hello"]
Operations
my_list.append(5)
my_list.insert(1, "new")
my_list.remove("hello")
item = my_list.pop() # removes last element
my_list.sort()
my_list.reverse()
List Comprehension
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
Tuples
Immutable, ordered collection:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
print(my_tuple.count(2))
print(my_tuple.index(3))
Sets
Unordered, unique elements:
my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.add(4)
my_set.remove(2)
my_set.union({5, 6})
Other useful set methods: intersection() , difference() ,
symmetric_difference()
Dictionaries
Key-value pairs:
mydict = {"name": "Shruti", "age": 20}
print(mydict["name"])
mydict["age"] = 21
mydict.update({"city": "Delhi"})
Useful methods: keys() , values() , items() , get() , pop(key) , clear()
Indentation
Python uses indentation (usually 4 spaces) to define blocks.
Conditional Statements
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")
Loops
For Loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)
While Loop
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
Loop Control
• break → exits loop
• continue → skips iteration
• pass → does nothing (placeholder)
Functions
def greet(name):
return f"Hello {name}"
print(greet("Shruti"))
Supports default arguments, keyword arguments, *args , and **kwargs .
File Handling
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello")
Modes: r , w , a , r+ , w+ , a+
Read methods: read() , readline() , readlines()
Exception Handling
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print("Error:", e)
else:
print("No error")
finally:
print("Always runs")
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def greet(self):
print(f"Hello, I am {self.name}")
p = Person("Shruti")
p.greet()
Supports inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.
Useful Built-in Functions
• len() , type() , id() , dir() , help()
• sum() , max() , min() , sorted()
• enumerate() , zip() , map() , filter() , any() , all()
Modules & Imports
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
from datetime import datetime
print(datetime.now())
Virtual Environments (Best Practice)
python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate # Linux/Mac
env\Scripts\activate # Windows
