Introduction to Information Technology

Dr. Nouran Radwan

 Welcome!!
Lecture 2
The Internet, the Web,
and Electronic Commerce
 Learning Objectives

1. Explain the origins of the Internet and the web.

2. Explain how to access the web using providers and
browsers
3. Compare different web utilities including filters, file transfer
utilities, and Internet security suites
4. Compare different Internet communications, including
social networking blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts,
wikis, e-mail, text messaging, and instant messaging
 Learning Objectives continued

5. Describe search tools, including search engines and

specialized search engines
6. Evaluate the accuracy of information presented on the web
7. Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and
security issues
8. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way
interaction of clients, Internet, and service providers
9. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing
development of the Internet to allow everyday objects to send
and receive data
 Introduction
• The Internet
• Interconnected mesh of computers and data
lines
• Connecting millions of people and organizations
• Foundation of the digital revolution
• The web
• Provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet
resources
• To be effective and efficient
• End user awareness of the resources available on
the Internet and the web
 The Internet and the Web
• The Internet
• Large global network connecting smaller networks all over the globe
• The Internet launched in 1969
• The United States funded a project to develop a national computer
network
• ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
• World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991
• The Internet and the web are NOT the same
• The Internet is the physical network
• The web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet
 Web
• Web 1.0 (1st generation)
• Linking existing information focus
• Search programs were created
• Provide links to websites with specific words or phrases
• Web 2.0
• Dynamic content creation
• Facebook is most common in Web 2.0
• Web 3.0
• Identifies relationships between data
• Personalized content creation for users
 Common Internet Uses

• Communicating
• E-mail, photos, videos
• Discussions
• Shopping
• Searching
• Virtual libraries
• Education or e-learning
• Online Entertainment
 Making IT Work for You
Online Entertainment

• Online options for TV, movies, music, books, social media,

news feeds
• Hulu, Amazon Prime, Netflix, Amazon Kindle, CNN, Facebook, Twitter
 Internet Access Providers
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Common way to access the Internet
• Provide a path to access the Internet
• Use telephone lines, cable, and/or wireless
connections
• Most common providers
• Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile, AT&T
 Browsers
• Provide access to web resources
• Allow you to explore the web
• Connect to remote computers
• Uncomplicated interface to the
Internet
• File transfer
• Display many varieties of multimedia
• Popular Web browsers include:
• Mozilla Firefox
• Microsoft Edge
• Google Chrome
 URLs

• Uniform Resource Locator

• Location or address of resource
• https is the most common for web traffic
• Two parts
• Protocol
• Rules for exchanging data
• Domain name
• Where resource is located
 Top-Level Doman (TLD)
• Top-level domain (TLD) or Web Suffix
• Identifies the type of organization
• .com Commercial
• .edu Educational
• .gov Government
• .mil U.S. military
• .net Network
• .org Organization
 HTML and Hyperlinks

• Hypertext Markup Language

• Markup language for displaying web pages
• Browsers interpret HTML commands
• Display document as a web page
• Hyperlinks or links
• Connect to other web pages
• Text files
• Graphic images
• Audio and Video Clips
 Interactive Web Sites

• Technologies used to provide highly interactive

and animated websites
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• JavaScript
• PHP
• Mobile Browsers
• Designed to run on portable devices
 Web Utilities

• Specialized utility programs that make

using the Internet and web safer and
easier
• Filters
• File Transfer Utilities
• Internet Security
Suites
 Filters

• Block access to selected sites

• Set time limits
• Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at
individual web sites
• Net Nanny
• Qustodio Parental Control
• Circle with Disney
• Norton Online Family
• McAfee Family Protection
 File Transfer Utilities

• Upload and download files to and from the Internet

• Downloading
• Uploading
• Three popular types of programs
• Web-based file transfer services
• Bit-Torrent
• File transfer protocol (FTP) / Secure file transfer protocol
(SFTP)
 Internet Security Suites

• Designed to maintain your security

and privacy while on the web
• Two best known suites
• McAfee Internet Security
• Symantec Norton Internet Security
 Communication

• Communication is the most popular Internet

activity
• Social Networking
• Blogs and Microblogs
• Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis
• E-mail and Messaging
 Social Networking

• Connecting people and organizations that share a

common interest or activity
• Common features
• Profiles
• Pages
• Groups
• Friends
• News feed
• Share settings
 Blogs, Microblogs

• Blogs
• Personal websites
• Date/time-stamped
• Arranged with the most recent items
shown first
• Microblogs
• Short status updates
• Most common is Twitter
• Tweets are Twitter messages
 Webcasts, Podcasts, Wikis

• Webcast
• Streaming technology for live broadcast of audio and
video
• No files after streaming ends
• Podcast
• Must download files to use
• Can transfer to media player
• Wiki
• Specially designed Web site
• Allows visitors to edit the contents
• Supports collaborative writing
 E-Mail

• E-mail
• Transmission of electronic
messages over the Internet
• Three elements
• Header
• Address
• Subject
• Attachments
• Message
• Signature
 E-mail Systems

• Client-based • Web-based
• E-mail client • Webmail client
• Must be installed • No installation
necessary -- free
on computer
• Google’s Gmail
• Apple Mail
• Microsoft’s
• Microsoft Outlook
Hotmail
• Yahoo!’s
Yahoo!mail
 Messaging

• Text messaging / texting

• SMS (short message service)
• Short electronic message

• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

• Send
• Images
• Videos
• Sounds
 Instant Messaging

• Instant messaging (IM)

• Extension of email that provides
direct, live communication between
two or more people
• Most programs include video
conferencing features, file sharing and
remote assistance
• Facebook Messenger
• Google Hangouts
 Search Tools

• Search Services
• Operate websites
• Spiders
• Look for new information and update
websites
• Search Engines
• Assist in locating specific information
• Specialized Search Engines
• Focus on subject specific websites
 Content Evaluation

• Content Evaluation

• Not everything on the Internet is accurate

• Authority (Who wrote it?)

• Accuracy (Is it correct?)
• Objectivity (Is it fair?)
• Currency (Is it up to date?)
 Electronic Commerce

• E-commerce
• Buying and selling of goods over the Internet
• Three basic types

• Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• Consumer-to consumer (C2C)
• Business-to-business (B2B)
 Business to Consumer B2C

• Sale of product or service to general public

• Fastest growing type of e-commerce
• Three most widely used B2C applications:
• Online banking
• Financial trading
• Shopping
• Amazon.com is one of the most widely use B2C sites
 Consumer to Consumer C2C

• Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)

• Individual to individual
• Web auctions
• Buyers and sellers seldom meet
• Bids are submitted electronically
• Person-to-person auction sites
 Business to Business B2B

• Sale of a product or service from one business to another

• Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship
 Security

• Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure

• Provide a convenient way to submit buyers' information
• Two options
• Credit card
• Fast and convenient
• Digital cash
• Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash
• Converts digital cash to currency through 3rd party
 Cloud Computing

• Shifts computing activities from users’

computers to computers on the Internet
• Frees end-users from owning, maintaining,
and storing software programs and data
• Three basic components:
• Clients (end-users)
• The Internet
• Service providers
 Internet of Things (IoT)

• Continuing development of the Internet

• Allows objects embedded with electronic devices to
send and receive data
• Smartphones
• Wearable devices
• Uses Web 3.0 Applications
 Careers In IT - Webmasters

• Develop and maintain websites and resources

• Backup of company website
• Design and development of websites
• Work with the marketing
• Increase site traffic
• Development of web promotions
 Open-Ended Questions

1. Discuss the Internet and web,

including, the three generations of the
web.
2. Describe how to access the Internet.
What are providers?
3. Discuss search engines and specialized
search engines.
 Open-Ended Questions

4. Describe electronic commerce, including

business-to-consumer, consumer-to-
consumer, and business-to-business e-
commerce, and security.
5. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT).
6. What is cloud computing? Describe the
three basic components of cloud
computing.
 True or False

1. The Internet is Large global network connecting smaller networks all

over the globe.
2. E-Commerce is buying and selling over the Internet.
3. Browsers Interpret the HTML codes and formatting instructions and
displays the document as a web page.
4. Uniform recourse locator has two parts protocol which is rules for
exchanging data between; and domain name which is specific
address where the resource is located.
5. Business to Business (B2B) involves the sale of a product or service from
one business to another.
 True or False
6. Mobile Browsers is designed to run on portable devices. .
7. E-mail is the transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
8. Cloud Computing Shifts computing activities from users’ computers to
computers on the Internet.
9. Internet of Things continuing development of the Internet which allows
objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data.
10. Customer to Customer (C2C) in e-commerce involves individuals
selling to individuals and is Web auctions.
11. When we evaluate content, we check: who wrote it (authority), if it is
correct (accuracy), if it is fair (objectivity), and if it is up to date
(currency(