Lecture 2

The Internet and World Wide Web

Prof. Awuni Emmanuel

1
Objectives Overview

Identify and briefly describe

various broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of the connections and state Describe the types of Internet
Internet differences between broadband access providers
Internet connections and dial-
up connections

Describe how to use a search

Describe the purpose of an IP Explain the purpose of a Web engine to search for
address and its relationship to a browser and identify the information on the Web and
domain name components of a Web address differentiate between a search
engine and a subject directory

See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview

Explain how Web pages use

Identify and briefly describe
Describe the types of Web graphics, animation, audio,
the steps required for Web
sites video, virtual reality, and
publishing
plug-ins

Explain how e-mail, mailing

lists, instant messaging,
Describe the types of e- Identify the rules of
chat rooms, VoIP,
commerce netiquette
newsgroups and message
boards, and FTP work

See Page 73 3
for Detailed Objectives
The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Page 74 4
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together

It was developed by the US Advanced Research Project Agency(ARPA)

Page 75 5
Evolution of the Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded

1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network

Pages 75 - 76 6
Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network

Page 76 7
 Evolution of the Internet

• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service

Fiber to Cellular
Cable Fixed Satellite
DSL (via the Radio
Internet wireless Wi-Fi Internet
regular Premises Network
service (Dish (radio Service
telephone (FTTP)- via (built in
(via cable shaped signals) (via
lines) fibre Tech. or
television) antenna) Satellite)
optics modem)

Page 76 8
Evolution of the Internet

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

Page 77 9
Figure 2-2
Evolution of the Internet

ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet

service provider) provider (OSP) service provider

Regional ISPs Provides wireless

provide Internet Has many members- Internet access to
access to a specific only features computers and
geographical area mobile devices

National ISPs provide Popular OSPs include

May require a
Internet access in AOL (America
wireless modem, eg.
cities and towns Online) and MSN
Surfline
nationwide (Microsoft Network)

Page 78 10
Page 79 11
Figure 2-3
Evolution of the Internet

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet. E.g.
216.58.192.142 for www. google.com
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

Pages 79 – 80 12
Figure 2-4
Page 80 13
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Pages 80 - 81 14
The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer

Google
Safari
Chrome

Page 81 15
Page 81 16
Figure 2-6
The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

Pages 82 - 83 17
Figure 2-7
The World Wide Web

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address
Protocol -
A protocol is a
set of rules that
governs the
communications
between
computers on
a network.
Pages 82 – 83 18
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window

Page 84 19
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 85 20
Page 85 21
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:

Images Videos Audio Publications

People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses

Page 85 22
Page 86 23
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text

Page 87 24
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web

• Search operators can help to refine your search

Page 87 25
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 – 91 26
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application

Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 – 92 27
Figure 2-15
Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog

CLICK TO START

28
The World Wide Web

• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

Page 92 29
Figure 2-16
The World Wide Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:

Graphics Animation Audio

Virtual
Video
Reality
Page 92 30
The World Wide Web

• A graphic is a digital
representation of
non-text information
• Graphic formats
include BMP, GIF,
JPEG, PNG, and TIFF

Page 93 31
Figure 2-17
The World Wide Web

• A thumbnail is a
small version of
a larger graphic

Page 94 32
Figure 2-19
The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Page 94 33
The World Wide Web

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow

Pages 94 – 95 34
Figure 2-20
Page 95 35
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

Page 96 36
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a

real or imagined environment that appears as a three-
dimensional space so that the user can interact with it as
if physically present.

Pages 96 – 97 37
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser

Page 97 38
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web

• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages

Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site

Page 98 39
E-Commerce

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices

Page 98 40
E-Commerce

Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)

E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)

Pages 98 - 99 41
Page 99 42
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages

Page 101 43
Figure 2-26
Page 102 44
Figure 2-27
Other Internet Services

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name

Page 103 45
Figure 2-28
Other Internet Services

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service

Page 104 46
Figure 2-29
Other Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other

Page 105 47
Figure 2-30
Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony

Page 106 48
Figure 2-31
Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

Page 107 49
Figure 2-32
Other Internet Services

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

Page 107 50
Netiquette

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior

Page 108 51
Figure 2-33
Summary

Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce

Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP

Page 109 52