Lab 0: Introduction to trainer: Identifying discrete logic gates, IC’s,
Pin configurations.
BS(CS)-2A
Meerab Hanif (01-134251-041)
Iqra Agha (01-134251-026)
Shah Jalal Arif (01-134251-081)
Tehreem Fatima (01-134251-091)
Neesa
Nees
Sarwar ( 01-134251-110)
OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of typical discrete components like logic
switches, LED indicators, especially the various operations of the Digital Trainer Kit.
Detailed descriptions of integrated logic circuits (IC) , dual, quadruple-in-line IC’s and their Top
view with pin configurations etc.
Lab journal writing procedures, its format and the way to describe the logic circuits.
Grouping of students for lab works.
1. Introduction to gates and integrated circuits:
Individual gates constructed from transistors and discrete passive components.
Integrated gate circuits (also called chips) consisting of several transistors, passive
components fabricated in a single package.
All chips must be connected to a power source (VCC) and ground (GND). All the gates
in the chip share these connections.
2. Packaging of integrated circuits (Top View)
Dual in line packages
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3. Introduction to some standard gates and their symbols and truth tables:
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Task # 1.1:
Use the ICs of individual gates to construct the circuit and verify the truth table of all
gates. (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR)
Circuit:
TRUTH TABLES:
AND Gate (7408)
A B Y(A.B)
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR Gate (7432)
A B Y(A+B)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
NAND Gate (7400)
A B Y= ¬ (A.B)
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NOR Gate (7402)
A B Y=¬ (A+B)
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
XOR Gate (7486)
A B Y=(A⊕B)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
PROCEDURE:
· Place the required IC on the digital trainer kit.
· Connect the Vcc pin of the IC to +5V supply.
· Connect the GND pin of the IC to ground (0V).
· Select one gate from the IC.
1. AND Gate (IC 7408)
Connect Pin 1 and Pin 2 to switches (Inputs A, B).
Connect Pin 3 to LED (Output Y).
2. OR Gate (IC 7432)
Connect Pin 1 and Pin 2 to switches (Inputs A, B).
Connect Pin 3 to LED (Output Y).
3. NAND Gate (IC 7400)
Connect Pin 1 and Pin 2 to switches (Inputs A, B).
Connect Pin 3 to LED (Output Y).
4. NOR Gate (IC 7402)
Connect Pin 2 and Pin 3 to switches (Inputs A, B).
Connect Pin 1 to LED (Output Y).
5. XOR Gate (IC 7486)
Connect Pin 1 and Pin 2 to switches (Inputs A, B).
Connect Pin 3 to LED (Output Y).
· Connect the input pins of the gate to switches.
· Connect the output pin of the gate to an LED (through resistor).
· Apply all possible input combinations (00, 01, 10, 11).
· Observe the LED and record the output.
· Compare the observed results with the theoretical truth table.
Conclusion:
· We identified the different ICs used for basic logic gates:
AND → IC 7408
OR → IC 7432
NAND → IC 7400
NOR → IC 7402
XOR → IC 7486
· We studied their pin configurations in detail: every IC had a Vcc pin (connected to +5V
supply) and a GND pin (connected to 0V/ground). The input pins of each logic gate inside the IC
were connected to switches on the digital trainer kit so that we could apply logic levels (0 or 1).
The output pin of the selected gate was connected to an LED through a resistor, which allowed
us to observe whether the output was logic HIGH (LED ON) or logic LOW (LED OFF).
This practical wiring taught us how to interpret a pin diagram, how to identify inputs/outputs in a
gate, and how the physical IC layout corresponds to the theoretical symbol and truth table of the
logic gate..
· We observed the IC dimensions and packaging, noting that all are dual in-line packages (DIP).
· We noticed that the part numbers for all basic logic gate ICs begin with 74, showing they
belong to the 7400 series TTL logic family.
· We learnt the truth tables of each logic gate and verified them experimentally by applying
inputs and observing the outputs.
· We correlated the IC structure and pin arrangement with the corresponding logic function
represented by its part number.
Task # 1.2:
Answer the following questions
1. Which two connections are necessary for an IC to work?
2. What is the nominal value of voltage (Vcc) supplied to the IC for it to work?
3. Which two gates are known as universal gates and why?
ANS 1)
The two essential IC connections necessary for an IC to work are the Vcc (power supply) and
GND (ground).
ANS 2)
The nominal Vcc supplied to IC for it to work is commonly ~5V.
ANS 3)
NAND and NOR gates are universal gates as they can be used to implement any logic circuit and
are crucial in simplifying logic circuits.
