Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF IMUS CITY
Gen. Pantaleon Garcia Senior High School
Pedro Reyes St. Malagasang 1-G, City of Imus, Cavite
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Week 3
Name: _____________________________ Level: __________________
Section: _____________________________ Date: __________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
KINDS OF VARIABLES AND THEIR USES
Note: Do not write anything on this learning activity sheet. Write your answer on YELLOW PAPER ONLY.
(Please write legibly)
MELC
1. Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to;
1. Explain the differences of kinds of variables and their uses.
LESSON 5: THE VARIABLES
The variable is a central idea in quantitative research. Quantitative research generally involves the
measurement of one or more observable characteristics of people, groups or communities; these are referred to
as variables that may be defined as characteristics or attributes that take on different values. They are sets of
attributes or characteristics we ascribe to an individual group, or phenomena we are studying. It is an entity that
take on different values. An aspect of a theory that vary or change as part of the interaction within the theory
In this lesson we will discuss different type of variables and their uses. A variable is anything that may
assume varied numerical or categorical values. For instance, sex is a variable, it may be male or female but it
won’t applicable if setting of a research is an exclusive school for girls. Socioeconomic status is a variable, it
may range from zero to billion pesos. Educational attainment of parents is another variable, it may be from did
not attend school to post-doctorate degree.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
A. NUMERIC - variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity. Example: “How many?” and
“How much?
a. Continuous variable - also known as Interval variable that can take infinite numbers on the value that can
occur within a population. It assume any value between a certain set of real numbers (whole numbers)
depending on the scale used. Ex. Time, age, height, weight and temperature.
b. Discrete variable - also known as categorical or classificatory variable, on the other hand, is any variable
that has a limited number of distinct values and which cannot be divided into fractions. It only assume
any whole value within the limits of the given variables. Example, sex, blood type, religion, and number
of children in the family.
Address: Pedro Reyes St. Malagasang 1-G, City of Imus, Cavite
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B. CATEGORICAL - variables with values that describe a quantity or characteristic of a data unit. Example:
“What type?, and “which category?”
1. Nominal Variable – the values which cannot be organized in a logical sequence, for classification
only.
2. Ordinal Variable - can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked
3. Dichotomous variables - variables that represent only two categories. Example: Gender
4. Polychotomous Variables - variables that have many categories. Example: Performance level
C. EXPERIMENTAL - the variables that determine causal relationships
a. Independent variables - (causal variable) presumed to cause changes in another variable,
usually manipulated in an experiment.
b. Dependent variables - (effect variable) the variables that change because of another variable,
usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. The variable that are not
monitored in an experiment.
Example. The effect of diet and exercise on the physical fitness of the individuals
I.V. D.V
c. Control variables - the variables that are held constant, help to identify the possible differences
in the outcomes as a result of controlling certain variables
d. Moderating variables- the variables that delineates how a relationship of interest change under
different conditions or circumstances. Maybe quantitative or qualitative in nature.
Example. The effect of playing music on academic performance of students
Control variable - Class duartion (60 minutes per class)
Moderator variable - genre of music
e. Extraneous variables - the variables that are already existing during the conduct of an
experiment. These variables could influence that results of the study. As much as possible,
must be controlled because they can offer an alternative results.
Example. The effect of playing music on academic performance of students
Extraneous variables - noise, ventilation, lighting
D. NON-EXPERIMENTAL - the variable which cannot be manipulated by the researcher.
Non-experimental variables are: (1) predictor variable which can change/affect other variables in a non-
experimental study, and (2) criterion variables - the variables that are influenced by the predictor variable in
a non-experimental study.
Example: The Influence of Management Styles on Employee Satisfaction
Predictod variable Criterion variable
ACTIVITY 1: IDENTIFYING VARIABLES
On the space before the number, write N if the variable is Numerical, C if Categorical, and E if
Experimental, or NE if Non-Experimental
______1. Frequency and duration of study _____6. Clothing such as hat, shirt, shoes
______2. Temperature in degree Celsius _____7. A score in 5-item quiz in Math
______3. Birthplace _____8. Feeling for today
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______4. Satisfaction Level _____9. Means of transportation to school
______5. Favorite type of music _____10. Student’s learning style
ACTIVITY 2: INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT VARIABLES?
Identify the independent and dependent variables.
Example: The Effectiveness of Using Graphic Organizers to the Academic Achievements of Grade 11
students of GPGSHS
Independent: Use of graphic organizers
Dependent: Academic achievement of Grade 11 students of GPGSHS
1. Organizational commitment and Teaching performance of Elementary teachers in the District of Pililla,
Rizal.
Independent: _______________________________________________
Dependent: ________________________________________________
2. Conceptual, Interpersonal and Technical Skills of bank managers: Their Relationship to Operational
Efficiency
Independent: _______________________________________________
Dependent: ________________________________________________
3. Increasing mathematics Achievement Through Contextualized and Localized Materials
Independent: ______________________________________________
Dependent: _______________________________________________
4. Impact of blended learning on Student Achievement in Social Studies
Independent: __________________________________________________________
Dependent: _______________________________________________
5. Effectiveness of Exposing Students in Classical Music on Reading Comprehension
Independent: _________________________________________________________
Dependent: __________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Checked and approved by:
TERESA Q. AMARILLE, PHD RAFAEL R. SANTOS
Practical Research Teacher Principal II
Activity 1.
1. E
2. N
3. C
4. N
5. C
6. C
7. N
8. NE
9. C
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10. NE
Activity 2:
1. Organizational commitment and Teaching performance of Elementary teachers in the District of Pililla,
Rizal.
Independent: Organizational commitment
Dependent: Teaching performance
2. Conceptual, Interpersonal and Technical Skills of bank managers: Their Relationship to Operational
Efficiency
Independent: Conceptual, Interpersonal and Technical Skills
Dependent:Operational efficiency
3. Increasing mathematics Achievement Through Contextualized and Localized Materials
Independent: Contextualized and Localized Materials
Dependent: mathematics Achievement
4. Impact of blended learning on Student Achievement in Social Studies
Independent: blended learning
Dependent: Student Achievement in Social Studies
5. Effectiveness of Exposing Students in Classical Music on Reading Comprehension
Independent: Exposing Students in Classical Music
Dependent: Reading Comprehension
