Grade 5
Science study guide
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(Q-1)- What is light?
A-1 - Light is a form of energy that moves in waves and can
travel through space.
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(Q-2)- How does light travel?
A-2 - Light travels in straight lines from its source and spreads
out in all directions.
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(Q-3)- Can light travel through a vacuum?
A-3- Yes, light can travel through a vacuum because it does not
need matter to transmit its energy.
(Vacuum: a space empty of matter)
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(Q-4)- How fast does light travel?
A-4 - Light travels faster than anything else in the universe.
With a speed of 300,000 km/s
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(Q-5)- What shape do light waves form as they move forward?
A-5 - Light waves form an "S" shape as they move forward,
with energy carried perpendicular to their forward motion.
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(Q-6)- What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
A-6 - The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of light waves
organized by frequency and wavelength, including radio
waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet
rays, and X-rays.
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(Q-7)-What are the characteristics of low-frequency waves?
A-7 - Low-frequency waves have long wavelengths and
include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves.
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(Q-8)- What types of waves have high frequencies and short
wavelengths?
A-8 - Waves with high frequencies and short wavelengths
include ultraviolet rays from the sun and X-rays.
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(Q-9)- What is visible light, and where is it located on the
electromagnetic spectrum?
A-9 - Visible light is the light that humans can see, with
intermediate wavelengths and frequencies near the middle of
the electromagnetic spectrum.
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(Q-10)What is the range of wavelengths in the visible light
spectrum?
A-10 - In the visible light spectrum, red light has the longest
wavelength, and violet light has the shortest wavelength.
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(Q-11)- What happens when light hits an object?
A-11 - Light travels in a straight line until it hits an object,
where it may be absorbed, re ected, or refracted, depending
on the kind of matter it hits
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(Q-12)- What are opaque materials, and how do they interact
with light?
A-12 - Opaque materials do not let light pass through them.
Instead, they absorb light, and the energy from the light is
transferred to the material. Examples include metal, wood, and
stone.
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(Q-13)- Why do opaque objects cause shadows?
A-13 - Opaque objects cause shadows because they absorb or
re ect all of the light that hits them, preventing light from
passing through.
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(Q-14)- What are transparent materials, and how do they
interact with light?
A-14)- Transparent materials let light pass through them and
absorb very little light. This makes it easy to see objects
through them.
Examples include clear glass, air, and pure liquid water.
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(Q-15)- What are translucent materials, and how do they
interact with light?
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A-15)- Translucent materials transmit some light and absorb
some light. You can see through them, but the image is fuzzy
or unclear. Examples include ice, wax paper, and frosted glass.
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(Q-16)- What is re ection?
A-16) - Re ection is the bouncing of light off an object.
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(Q-17)- How does light behave when it strikes a smooth, shiny
surface like a mirror?
A-17)- When light strikes a smooth, shiny surface, all of the
light from one direction is re ected in a single new direction,
creating a clear, reversed image.
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(Q-18)- Why can’t you see a clear image on a rough surface like
cloth or wood?
A-18)- Rough surfaces cause light to re ect in many
directions, preventing the formation of a clear image.
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(Q-19)- Why does the violet surface appear violet?
- Violet surface appears violet because its material re ects
violet light and absorbs all other colors of light.
(Q-20)- What happens when light strikes a black object?
A-20)- Black objects absorb all colors of light and more of the
energy in light.
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(Q-21)- Why do white objects appear white?
- White objects re ect all colors of light and absorb less
energy, making them appear white.
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(Q-22)- Why is it cooler to wear white clothes on a bright, hot
day compared to dark clothes?
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A-22)- White clothes re ect all colors of light and absorb less
energy, keeping your body cooler than dark clothes, which
absorb more energy.
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(Q-23)- What is refraction?
A-23)- Refraction is the bending of light as it passes at an
angle from one type of matter into another.
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The pen appears bent or broken
because light from the bottom part of
the pen passes through water, glass,
and air, bending each time it enters a
new material, and reaches the eyes at
a different angle than light from the
top of the straw.
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(Q-24)- Why does refraction occur?
A-24)- Refraction occurs because the speed of light varies
depending on the material through which the light travels,
causing the light to bend as it changes speed.
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(Q-25)- What is a prism, and how does it work?
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A-25)- A prism is a transparent material that separates white
light into its component colors by refraction.
When white light enters a
prism, different colors of
light bend at different
angles, creating a rainbow
as the light exits the prism.
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(Q-26)- What is a convex lens?
A-26)- A convex lens is a lens that is thicker at the center and
thinner at the edges. It is sometimes called a positive lens
because it brings light waves together, focusing light to form
an image at a point called the focal point.
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(Q-27)- What is a concave lens?
A-27)- A concave lens is thicker at the edges and thinner at the
center. It is sometimes called a negative lens because it
spreads light waves apart from a focal point.
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(Q-28)- How do convex and concave lenses differ in their
curvature?
A-28)- Convex lenses have an outward curve on at least one
side.
While concave lenses typically have an inward curve on both
sides.
(Q-29)- What is a natural resource?
A-29)- A natural resource is anything useful or necessary for
living beings that occurs naturally on Earth.
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(Q-30)- Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable
resources?
A-30)- Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources
because they take millions of years to form and cannot be
replaced once they are used.
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(Q-31)- What are the two main groups scientists classify
natural resources into?
A-31)- Scientists classify natural resources into two main
groups: renewable and nonrenewable resources.
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(Q-32)- What is geothermal energy?
A-32)- Geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy that
comes from the heat within the Earth.
( It is considered an alternative energy source that doesn’t
release harmful substances into the environment).
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(Q-33)-How does hydroelectric energy work?
A-33)- Hydroelectric energy is generated by building a dam
across a river to create a reservoir.
(Water released from the reservoir ows through a
hydroelectric energy station, spinning turbines that are
connected to generators to produce electricity).
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(Q-34)- Why are solar energy stations often built in deserts?
A-34)- Solar energy stations are often built in deserts because
these places receive a lot of sunlight,
which is necessary for collecting solar energy ef ciently.
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(Q-35)- What are biofuels made from?
A-35)- Biofuels are made from living things.
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(Q-36)- What is pollution?
A-36)- Pollution is the contamination of air, water, or soil by
materials that are harmful to living things.
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Q-37)-What are some of the most important natural resources?
A-37)- Some of the most important natural resources are air,
water, and soil.
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(Q-38)- What is the greatest source of air pollution?
A-38)-The greatest source of air pollution is cars and trucks,
but many factories and energy stations also contribute to air
pollution
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(Q-39)- How can water become polluted?
A-39)- Water can become polluted when trash, eroded soil, or
chemicals from manufacturing, farming, and land lls get into
rivers, lakes, and oceans.
These pollutants can also enter groundwater.
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(Q-40)- What is a recycled product?
A-40)- A recycled product is one made from materials
recovered from discarded items by reprocessing them.
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(Q-41)- Why is conservation important?
A-41)- Conservation is important because there is too much
trash and not enough places to put it. Properly disposing of
garbage helps prevent pollution of natural resources like soil
and water.
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(Q-42)- What are the 3 Rs of conservation?
A-42)- The 3 Rs of conservation are reducing, reusing, and
recycling.
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(Q-43)- What happens to solar energy when it reaches Earth?
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A-43)- Solar energy is absorbed by the Earth’s surface and
then released throughout the day to heat the atmosphere.
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(Q-44)-Why are oceans compared to "storage tanks" for heat
energy?
A-44)- Oceans are compared to "storage tanks" because they
heat up and cool down more slowly than land, holding in heat
and slowly releasing it, which helps keep Earth’s temperatures
stable.
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(Q-45)- What is the water cycle?
A-45)- The water cycle is the continuous movement of water
between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through processes
like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
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(Q-46)- What role do oceans play in the water cycle?
A-46)- Oceans are the main source of the water droplets that
form clouds
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(Q-47)- What is evaporation?
A-47)- Evaporation is the process where water gains enough
energy from the sun to change into water vapor, a gas.
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(Q-48)- What is condensation?
A-48)- Condensation is the process where water vapor cools
and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds or dew on
surfaces like grass.
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(Q-49)- What is precipitation?
A-49)- Precipitation is the process where water droplets in
clouds come together to form larger droplets that fall to Earth
as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation.
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(Q-50)- What are the three main climate zones on Earth?
A-50)- The three main climate zones are tropical, temperate,
and polar.
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