Rungta International Skills University, Bhilai C.G.

Lecture-wise Content Preparation Template

Subject Details
Program B.TECH 1ST SEM (SoCE)
Subject Name New Age Life Skills – IT Skills

Subject Code RU-100-17-0002

Semester 1st

Unit No. 1
Faculty(ies) Name Firdaush Jahan

Lecture Details (Repeat for Each Lecture)

Lecture No. 1
Duration 1 hrs
Planned Date

1. Learning Objectives (LOs)

 Understand the basic definition and function of a computer.

 Identify various real-life applications of computers in different fields.

 Recognize key characteristics such as speed, accuracy, and storage.

 Develop awareness of how computers automate and simplify tasks.

2. Prerequisite Knowledge

 Familiarity with everyday use of technology like mobile phones.

3. Content to be Delivered

A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores information, and
delivers output based on programmed instructions. It performs tasks with speed, accuracy, and
efficiency, making it an essential tool in modern life.
From personal use to industrial applications, computers play a vital role in communication,
education, healthcare, business, science, and entertainment.

Used in: Education, Healthcare, Business, Research, Communication, Entertainment

Types: Desktop, Laptop, Tablet, Server, Supercomputer
Core Functions: Input ➡️Processing ➡️Storage ➡️Output
A computer is an electronic machine that takes data (input), processes it using a set of instructions
(program), and provides the result (output).

Key Concept: Input-Process-Output Cycle

 Input – data entered using input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner)

 Process – done by the CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Output – results shown using devices like monitors, printers
 Storage – used to save data and results (hard disk, pendrive)
Example: When you type on a keyboard and get the result on the screen.

HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer or device. These are the components you
can see, touch, and replace. Hardware performs actual tasks like input, output, processing, and
storage.

Types of Hardware:
• Input Devices: These allow you to enter data into the system. Examples include keyboards,
mice, scanners, and microphones.
• Output Devices: These present information to the user, such as monitors, printers, and
speakers. Storage Devices: These store data, either temporarily or permanently. Examples
include hard drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), and USB flash drives.
• Processing Units: These perform calculations and run instructions. The central one is the
CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• Memory: RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary and fast, used for active tasks. ROM
(Read-Only Memory) contains essential system instructions.
Functions of Hardware: Executes instructions from software, Processes data, Stores and retrieves
information, Sends and receives input/output,Supports communication between internal
components and external devices.

The software comprises a set of instructions which on execution deliver the desired outcome.

Types of Software:
• System Software: This includes operating systems like Windows, macOS, Linux, and
Android. It manages hardware and forms the base on which other software runs.
• Operating System- it acts as the bridge between user programs and the hardware.
• System Utilities- software used for maintenance and configuration of the computer
system is called system utility.
• Device Driver- the purpose of device driver is to ensure proper functioning of a
particular device.The device driver acts as interface betwwen device and operating
system.

• Application Software: These are programs designed for specific tasks, such as Microsoft
Word (word processing), Photoshop (image editing), or Google Chrome (web browsing).

System Software Application Software

System software serves as the

Built for a specific purpose and
platform to run application
perform functions.
software

It starts running automatically

once the system is turned on. And It runs when the users request or
stops when the system is turned give commands.
off or shut down.

Application software is not used

Without system software, a
to run the computer. It is user-
computer can’t start
specific.

Low-level language is required for A high-level language is required

the development of system for the development of
software application software.

It is developed for a general It is developed for a specific

purpose purpose
 Examples: Microsoft Word,
Examples: Windows, macOS,
Spreadsheet, VLC media, Google
Chrome OS, Linux, and Unix
Chrome, Firefox, and many more.

Key Characteristics of Computers

1. Speed
 Executing mathematical calculation, a computer works faster and more accurately than
human. Computers have the ability to process so many millions (1,000,000) of instructions
per second. Computer operations are performed in micro and nano seconds.
 A computer is a time saving device. It performs several calculations and tasks in few seconds
that we take hours to solve.
 The speed of a computer is measure in terms of GigaHertz and MegaHertz.

2. Diligence
 A human cannot work for several hours without resting, yet a computer never tires.
 A computer can conduct millions of calculations per second with complete precision without
stopping. A computer can consistently and accurately do millions of jobs or calculations.
 There is no weariness or lack of concentration. Its memory ability also places it ahead of
humans.

3. Reliability
 A computer is reliable. The output results never differ unless the input varies. the output is
totally depend on the input. when an input is the same the output will also be the same.
 A computer produces consistent results for similar sets of data, if we provide the same set of
input at any time we will get the same result.

4. Automation
 The world is quickly moving toward AI (Artificial Intelligence) -based technology.
 A computer may conduct tasks automatically after instructions are programmed. By executing
jobs automatically, this computer feature replaces thousands of workers

5. Versatility
  Versatility refers to a capacity of computer. Computer perform different types of tasks with
the same accuracy and efficiency.
 A computer can perform multiple tasks at the same time this is known as versatility.
 For example, while listening to music, we may develop our project using PowerPoint and
Wordpad, or we can design a website.

6. Accuracy
o When a computer performs a computation or operation, the chances of errors occurring are
low.
o Errors in a computer are caused by human's submitting incorrect data.
o A computer can do a variety of operations and calculations fast and accurately.

Applications of Computers

a. Education
 Used in smart classrooms, online classes, e-books, educational games.
 Students use computers for assignments, projects, coding, research.
 b. Healthcare

 Managing patient records.

 Running medical equipment (MRI, X-ray machines)
 Online consultations and health tracking

c. Banking

 ATMs, online banking, transaction management

 Secure data handling and fraud detection systems

d. Business and Offices

 Managing inventory, billing systems, customer support

 Communication through email and video conferencing

e. Entertainment

 Online games, movies, music, graphic design, YouTube, OTT platforms

f. Communication

 Email, social media, messaging apps like WhatsApp

 Video calls via Zoom, Google Meet

4. Example and Demonstration

Diagrammatic Representation – IPO Cycle
5. Case Study / Application / Use-case
 Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare A case study on an elderly patient demonstrates
how telemedicine platforms use medical-grade computers and remote monitoring devices to
provide elder’s special care in rural areas, connecting patients with specialists and
improving health outcomes.
 Computer Science Education A case study on using ChatGPT in a computer science
database administration course analyzes its effectiveness in learning and evaluation,
particularly in the context of educational applications of artificial intelligence

6. Practice Problems related to this lecture

 What are the applications of computers?
 Explains in brief about characteristics of computers?
 What is IPO cycle? Explain block diagram of computer.
 Explain hardware and software with types and examples.

7. References

a. “Computer Applications” by Hussein Chible (Lebanese University) — a guidebook covering

hardware/software introductions, Windows OS, Word, Excel, PowerPoint. ResearchGate.
b. To structure your study or to explore, the applications can be categorized into:

 Education (e-learning, computer aided instruction)

 Healthcare / Medical (diagnosis, imaging, health records)
 Business & Finance (banking software, stock analysis, ERP)
 Science & Research (simulations, data analysis)
 Manufacturing & Engineering (CAD, CAM, robotics)
 Entertainment & Media (animation, video editing, games)
 Military & Defense
 Government / Public Sector (e-governance, law enforcement)
 Communication & Media (internet, social networks, telecommunication)

c. https://youtu.be/JVwO6ZnXVg0?feature=shared - Characteristics of computers

d. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-organization-architecture/a-simple-understanding-of-
computer/ - Introduction and working of computer