Basic Python Interview Questions
1. What is Python?
Answer:
Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. It
emphasizes code readability and has a simple, easy-to-learn syntax.
2. What are the key features of Python?
Answer:
Easy to learn and read
Interpreted language
Dynamically typed
Supports OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
Large standard library
Cross-platform
3. What is the difference between a list and a tuple in Python?
Answer:
Feature List Tuple
Mutability Mutable Immutable
Syntax [1, 2, 3] (1, 2, 3)
Performance Slower Faster
4. What are Python's data types?
Answer:
Numeric: int, float, complex
Sequence: list, tuple, range
Text: str
Set: set, frozenset
Mapping: dict
Boolean: bool
None: NoneType
5. How is memory managed in Python?
Answer:
Python uses:
Automatic garbage collection
Reference counting
Private heap space for memory allocation
6. What is PEP 8?
Answer:
PEP 8 is Python's style guide for writing clean, readable, and consistent code.
7. What are Python functions?
Answer:
Functions in Python are defined using the def keyword and are used to encapsulate
reusable blocks of code.
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}"
8. What is the difference between is and == in Python?
Answer:
== compares values.
is compares identities (memory addresses).
a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
a == b # True
a is b # False
9. What are Python’s control flow statements?
Answer:
Conditional: if, elif, else
Loops: for, while
Loop control: break, continue, pass
10. What are lambda functions?
Answer:
Anonymous functions defined using the lambda keyword.
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(3, 4)) # Output: 7
🔹 Intermediate-Level Questions (Still for Freshers)
11. What is a Python module and package?
Answer:
Module: A single Python file (e.g. math.py)
Package: A folder containing __init__.py and one or more modules
12. What is a dictionary in Python?
Answer:
A collection of key-value pairs.
person = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
print(person['name']) # Output: Alice
13. What are list comprehensions?
Answer:
A concise way to create lists.
squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]
print(squares) # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
14. What is the difference between append() and extend()?
Answer:
append() adds a single item.
extend() adds all items from another iterable.
a = [1, 2]
a.append([3, 4]) # [1, 2, [3, 4]]
a.extend([5, 6]) # [1, 2, [3, 4], 5, 6]
15. What is exception handling in Python?
Answer:
Use try, except, finally blocks to handle runtime errors.
try:
x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
print("Done")
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You said:
is python object oriented language
ChatGPT said:
Yes, Python is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language.
✅ Explanation:
Python supports object-oriented programming, which means it allows you to:
Define classes
Create objects
Use concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction
🔹 Example of OOP in Python:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age): # Constructor
self.name = name
self.age = age
def greet(self): # Method
print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")
# Creating an object
p1 = Person("Alice", 25)
p1.greet()
Output:
Hello, my name is Alice and I am 25 years old.
🔸 OOP Concepts Supported by Python:
Concept Supported in Python? Example
Class ✅ Yes class MyClass:
Object ✅ Yes obj = MyClass()
Inheritance ✅ Yes class B(A):
Polymorphism ✅ Yes Method overriding, duck typing
Encapsulation ✅ Yes Using _ and __ for privacy
Abstraction ✅ Yes Via abstract base classes
❗ Note:
Python is multi-paradigm — it supports:
Procedural programming
Object-oriented programming
Functional programming (like using map(), lambda, etc.)
Would you like a comparison of Python vs Java in OOP style? Or a quiz to test your
OOP knowledge?
You said:
core python basic interview questions and answers
ChatGPT said:
Here’s a list of Core Python Basic Interview Questions and Answers — perfect for
freshers or anyone preparing for an entry-level Python role.
✅ Core Python – Basic Interview Questions and Answers
1. What is Python?
Answer:
Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. It is
known for its clean syntax and readability, making it suitable for beginners and
professionals.
2. What are the key features of Python?
Answer:
Easy to learn and use
Interpreted language
Dynamically typed
Object-oriented
Extensive standard libraries
Open-source and community-driven
Cross-platform compatibility
3. What is the difference between a variable and a constant?
Answer:
Variable: Value can change during execution.
Constant: Value remains the same throughout the program (by convention, use
uppercase names, but Python doesn't enforce true constants).
4. What are Python’s basic data types?
Answer:
int – Integer
float – Floating point number
str – String
bool – Boolean (True/False)
list, tuple, set, dict – Collections
5. What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
Answer:
Feature List ([]) Tuple (())
Mutability Mutable Immutable
Performance Slower Faster
Use Case Dynamic data Fixed data
6. What is a dictionary in Python?
Answer:
A dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs.
person = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
print(person['name']) # Output: Alice
7. What is the use of type() and id() in Python?
Answer:
type() → Returns the data type of an object.
id() → Returns the memory address (identity) of an object.
8. What is the difference between is and ==?
Answer:
== checks if values are equal.
is checks if identities (memory locations) are the same.
9. What are conditional statements in Python?
Answer:
Used to make decisions:
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")
10. What is a loop in Python?
Answer:
Loops allow repeated execution of code:
for loop
while loop
for i in range(3):
print(i) # 0 1 2
11. What is the difference between break, continue, and pass?
Answer:
Keyword Description
break Exits the loop
continue Skips to next iteration
pass Placeholder, does nothing
12. What are functions in Python?
Answer:
Functions are reusable blocks of code defined using the def keyword.
def greet(name):
return "Hello " + name
13. What is a lambda function?
Answer:
A lambda is an anonymous (unnamed) function.
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(2, 3)) # Output: 5
14. How is memory managed in Python?
Answer:
Python uses automatic garbage collection.
Memory is managed using reference counting and generational GC.
15. What is a module and a package in Python?
Answer:
Module: A Python file (.py) containing functions and classes.
Package: A directory with __init__.py and modules.
16. What are Python keywords?
Answer:
Reserved words that have special meaning, like if, for, while, def, class, import,
etc. You can't use them as variable names.
17. What is the use of *args and **kwargs?
Answer:
*args → Allows function to accept variable number of positional arguments.
**kwargs → Accepts variable number of keyword arguments.
def func(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
18. What is exception handling in Python?
Answer:
Used to handle runtime errors using:
try:
# risky code
except ExceptionType:
# handle error
finally:
# always executes
19. What are Python’s built-in data structures?
Answer:
List
Tuple
Set
Dictionary
20. What is the purpose of the self keyword in Python?
Answer:
self represents the instance of the class.
It is used to access instance variables and methods inside the class.
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You said:
more questions
ChatGPT said:
Absolutely! Here's another set of core Python interview questions — still beginner-
friendly but with a slight increase in depth to help you prepare better.
✅ More Core Python Interview Questions and Answers
21. What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?
Answer:
Feature Python 2 Python 3
Print Statement print "Hello" print("Hello")
Division Integer division True division
Unicode Not default Default for strings
End of life Yes (Jan 2020) Actively supported
22. What is a set in Python?
Answer:
A set is an unordered, mutable collection of unique elements.
s = {1, 2, 2, 3}
print(s) # Output: {1, 2, 3}
23. What is the difference between remove() and pop() in a list?
Answer:
remove(x) → Removes the first occurrence of value x.
pop(i) → Removes the item at index i (default is last item).
24. What are Python’s built-in functions?
Answer:
Some common built-in functions:
len()
type()
int(), str(), float()
input(), print()
range()
sum(), min(), max()
sorted(), reversed()
25. What are Python decorators?
Answer:
A decorator is a function that takes another function as input and extends or
modifies its behavior.
def decorator(func):
def wrapper():
print("Before")
func()
print("After")
return wrapper
@decorator
def say_hello():
print("Hello")
say_hello()
26. What is slicing in Python?
Answer:
Slicing is used to extract parts of sequences (strings, lists, tuples).
s = "Python"
print(s[0:3]) # Output: Pyt
27. What is the difference between deepcopy() and copy()?
Answer:
copy() → Shallow copy (copies outer object, not nested ones).
deepcopy() → Deep copy (copies everything, including nested objects).
import copy
copy.copy() # Shallow copy
copy.deepcopy() # Deep copy
28. How to handle exceptions in Python?
Answer:
try:
x = int("abc")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
**29. What are *args and kwargs used for?
Answer:
*args: Allows you to pass a variable number of positional arguments.
**kwargs: Allows you to pass a variable number of keyword arguments.
30. What is the difference between a class and an object?
Answer:
Class: Blueprint for creating objects.
Object: An instance of a class.
31. What is recursion in Python?
Answer:
Recursion is a function that calls itself.
def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
return n * factorial(n - 1)
32. What are global and local variables?
Answer:
Local: Defined inside a function.
Global: Defined outside all functions and can be accessed everywhere.
33. How do you open and read a file in Python?
Answer:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
print(content)
34. What is list comprehension?
Answer:
A compact way to create lists.
squares = [x*x for x in range(5)] # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
35. What is the use of __init__() in a class?
Answer:
It is the constructor method — automatically called when an object is created.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
36. What are Python’s logical operators?
Answer:
and: True if both are true
or: True if at least one is true
not: Inverts the truth value
37. What is a docstring?
Answer:
A documentation string written as the first statement in a function/class/module.
def greet():
"""This function greets the user."""
print("Hello")
38. What are Python namespaces?
Answer:
A namespace is a container where names are mapped to objects. Python uses
namespaces to avoid name collisions.
39. What is the use of zip() in Python?
Answer:
Combines multiple iterables into one.
a = [1, 2]
b = ['a', 'b']
print(list(zip(a, b))) # [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b')]
40. What is the map() function in Python?
Answer:
Applies a function to each item in an iterable.
nums = [1, 2, 3]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, nums)) # [1, 4, 9]
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Let me know how you want to continue!
You said:
django questions
ChatGPT said:
Great! Here's a set of Django interview questions and answers tailored for freshers
or junior-level developers.
✅ Basic Django Interview Questions and Answers
1. What is Django?
Answer:
Django is a high-level Python web framework that allows rapid development of secure
and maintainable websites. It follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architecture.
2. What are the key features of Django?
Answer:
Fast development
Secure (prevents SQL injection, CSRF, etc.)
Scalable
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
Admin interface
Built-in authentication system
Large community & extensive documentation
3. What is the MVT architecture in Django?
Answer:
Component Description
Model Represents database schema (tables)
View Contains business logic
Template Handles presentation (HTML output)
4. What is a Django model?
Answer:
A model is a Python class that maps to a table in the database. Django models
define the structure of stored data.
from django.db import models
class Student(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
age = models.IntegerField()
5. How do you create a Django project?
Answer:
django-admin startproject project_name
6. How do you create a Django app?
Answer:
python manage.py startapp app_name
7. What is the purpose of manage.py?
Answer:
It’s a command-line utility to interact with the Django project.
Used for tasks like running the server, migrations, and database operations.
8. What is Django ORM?
Answer:
ORM (Object Relational Mapper) allows you to interact with the database using
Python objects instead of writing SQL queries.
Example:
Student.objects.all() # SELECT * FROM student;
