ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Copyright @ Eugene Tebo February 2025

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Copyright @ Eugene Tebo February 2025

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Copyright @ Eugene Tebo February 2025

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Copyright @ Eugene Tebo February 2025

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Copyright @ Eugene Tebo February 2025

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

1.What is Web Service?

Web Service is a software system for communicating two devices over the network.

2.How does a web service work?

A web service is used to communicate among various applications by using open standards such as HTML,
XML, WSDL, and SOAP. You can build a Java-based web service on Solaris that is accessible from your
Visual Basic program that runs on Windows. You can also use C# to build new web services on Windows that
can be invoked from your web application that is based on Java Server Pages (JSP) and runs on Linux.

3.What are the advantages of web services?

Interoperability: By the help of web services, an application can communicate with other application
developed in any language.
Reusability: We can expose the web service so that other applications can use it.
Modularity: By the help of web service, we can create a service for a specific task such as tax calculation etc.

4.What are the different types of web services?

There are two types of web services:
➢ SOAP
➢ RESTful

5.What are the main features of web services?

Following is a list of main features of web services:
➢ It is available over the Internet or private (intranet) networks.
➢ It uses a standardized XML messaging system.
➢ It is not tied to any one operating system or programming language.
➢ It is self-describing via a common XML grammar.
➢ It is discoverable via a simple find mechanism.

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

6.What is SOAP?
SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It is a XML-based protocol for accessing web
services.

7.What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

➢ WS Security
➢ Language Independent
➢ Platform Independent

8.What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

➢ Slow
➢ WSDL Dependent

9.What are the main features of SOAP?

The following list specifies the features of SOAP:
➢ SOAP is a communication protocol.
➢ SOAP is used for communication between applications.
➢ SOAP is a format for sending messages.
➢ SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet.
➢ SOAP is platform independent.
➢ SOAP is language independent.
➢ SOAP is simple and extensible.
➢ SOAP allows you to get around firewalls.
➢ SOAP will be developed as a W3C standard.

10. What is WSDL?

WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language. It is an xml document containing information about
web services such as method name, method parameter etc.

11. What is UDDI?

UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration. It is a XML based framework for
describing, discovering and integrating web services. It contains a list of available web services.
WSDL is the part of UDDI.

12. What is RESTful web services?

REST stands for REpresentational State Transfer. It is an architectural style. It is not a protocol like SOAP.

13. What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

➢ Fast
➢ Language Independent
➢ Platform Independent
➢ Can use SOAP.
➢ Allows different data format.

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

14. What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

15. What is SOA?

SOA stands for Service Oriented Architecture. It is a design pattern to provide services to other application
through protocol.

16. What tools are used to test web services?

➢ SoapUI tool for testing SOAP and RESTful web services
➢ Poster for Firefox browser
➢ Postman extension for Chrome

17. What is the advantage of XML in web service?

In Web service, an XML is used to tag the data, format the data.

18. What is the usage of WSDL in a web service?

WSDL is used in web service to describe the availability of service.

19. What is Interoperability in Web services?

Web services facilitate various applications to communicate with each other and share data and services
among themselves. Other applications can also use the web services. For example, a VB or .NET application
can communicate with a Java web services and vice versa. Web services are used to make the application
platform and technology independent.

20. Explain the loosely coupled architecture of web services.

A consumer of a web service is not tied to that web service directly. The web service interface can change
over time without compromising the client's ability to interact with the service. A tightly coupled system
implies that the client and server logic are closely tied to one another, implying that if one interface changes,
the other must be updated. Adopting a loosely coupled architecture tends to make software systems more
manageable and facilitates simpler integration between different systems.

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

21. What are the advantages of having XML based Web services?
Using XML eliminates any networking, operating system, or platform binding. So Web Services based
applications are highly interoperable application at their core level.

22. What do you mean by synchronicity?

Synchronicity is used to bind the client to the execution of the service. In synchronous invocations, the client
blocks and waits for the service to complete its operation before continuing. On the other hand, synchronous
operations facilitate a client to invoke a service and then execute other functions.

23. What is the usage of Service Transport Layer in Web service protocol stack?
The Service Transport Layer is used to transport messages between applications.
This layer includes Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), and newer protocols like Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP)

24. What is the usage of Service Description layer in Web Service Protocol Stack?
The Service Description layer is used to describe the public interface to a specific web service.
Currently, service description is handled via the Web Service Description Language (WSDL).

25. What is the usage of Service Discovery layer in Web Service Protocol Stack?
The Service Discovery layer is used for centralizing services into a common registry and providing
easy publish/find functionality.
Currently, service discovery is handled via Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)

What is a Web service?

A Web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the Internet and uses a standardized
XML messaging system.

Why are web services needed?

web services provide inter-oper-ability between platforms, promotes code reuse-ability, allows for distributed
business applications, can be "firewall friendly" when using http transport protocol.

What are the types of web services?

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol): a description of an xml messaging protocol
REST (Representational State Transfer): a description of an architecture for distributed hypermedia
systems

What are the differences between SOAP and REST?

soap is web service communication protocol.
rest is a architectural style
soap has been around longer
soap exposes components of application logic as services rather than data
rest operates through a solitary interface to access named resources
rest created a way to access web services easier using http

Benefits Of Rest
Rest allows more data formats. Soap only allows xml
Rest is easier to work with
Rest offers superior performance through caching info
Rest is used by yahoo, ebay, amazon, google

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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

Rest is generaly faster and uses less bandwidth

Benefits Of Soap
Soap offers robust security- soap supports ws-security
Soap offers built in retry logic to compensate for failed communications. Rest doesn't have a built in
messaging system.
There are no standard set of rules for rest

In what situations would you propose using SOAP or REST?

Use SOAP for any situations requiring xml message encryption, reliable messaging in environments with
erratic connectivity, or atomic transactions because these functions are built-in.

Use REST whenever you need simple data manipulation of a resource such as that provided by the http verbs
GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE

What Is The Ultimate Goal Of Using Web Services?

Ultimately, the goal of web services is to achieve a SOA within the organization.

What are the two approaches to create a SOAP based webservice?

Top Down or Contract First: From WSDL one generates java classes.
Bottom Up or Contract Last: From java classes one generates a WSDL

What is the web service protocol stack?

The Web service protocol stack is an evolving set of protocols used to define, discover, and implement Web
services. The core protocol stack consists of four layers:
Service Transport: This layer is responsible for transporting messages between applications. Currently, this
includes HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and newer protocols, such as Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP).
XML Messaging: This layer is responsible for encoding messages in a common XML format so that
messages can be understood at either end. Currently, this includes XML-RPC and SOAP.
Service Description: This layer is responsible for describing the public interface to a specific Web service.
Currently, service description is handled via the WSDL.
Service Discovery: This layer is responsible for centralizing services into a common registry, and providing
easy publish/find functionality. Currently, service discovery is handled via the UDDI.

Is SOAP a stateful or stateless protocol?

Stateless.
Stateful means that the server stores information about the client and uses that information over a series of
requests.
Http protocol is inherently stateless but you can make them stateful using cookies

What is an XML schema, how does it differ from a DTD?

A schema describes an XML markup language. A schema defines which elements and attributes are used in a
markup language, how they are ordered and nested, and what their data types are.
DTDs have done an adequate job of telling us how elements and attributes are organized in a markup
language, but they fail to address data typing.
To address limitation of DTDs, the W3C which manages the fundamental XML standards, created a new way
to describe markup languages called XML Schema.
While constraints provided by DTDs are useful for validating XML instances, the probability that an XML
instance will have a valid organization but invalid data is pretty high.
DTDs have a very weak typing system that restricts elements to four broad types of data: EMPTY, ANY,
element content or mixed element and text content.
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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

DTD don't support types like integer, decimal, boolean and enumeration. XML Schema, by contrast, provides
a much stronger type system which includes simple primitives (integer, double, boolean etc) as well as
facilities for more complex types.
XML schema facilitates type inheritance, which allows simple or complex types to be extended or restricted to
create new types.
In addition, XML schema supports the use of XML namespaces to create compound documents composed of
multiple markup languages.

What is the difference between complex types and simple types in XML schemas?
Complex types describe how elements are organized and nested.
Simple types are the primitive data types contained by elements and attributes.

Simple types resemble Java primitive types in that both are atomic; they cannot be broken down into
constituent parts. It will only contain data.

The XML schema specification defines many standard simple types (string, integer, float etc).
Whereas a Complex Type is analogous to a Java class definition with fields but no methods.

What is an XML namespace?

An XML namespace provides a qualified name for an XML element or attribute, the same way that a Java
package provides a qualified name for a Java class.

Java package names allow us to separate Java classes into distinct namespaces, which improves organization
and access control, and helps us avoid name conflicts.
XML namespaces are similar to Java packages, and serve the same purposes; an XML namespace provides a
kind of package name for individual elements and attributes.

What is SOAP?
SOAP 1.1 is simply a distributed object protocol like DCOM and CORBA IIOP.
SOAP 1.1 is the standard messaging protocol used by J2EE Web Services, and is the de facto standard for
Web services in general.
SOAP's primary application is Application to Application communication.

SOAP has a clear purpose: exchanging data over networks.

The most significant difference between SOAP 1.1 and other distributed object protocols is that SOAP is
based on XML.

Every SOAP message that is sent across the wire is an XML document that consists of standard SOAP
elements and application data. The use of namespaces differentiates the standard SOAP elements from the
application data. Specifically, its used in B2B and EAI: Both focus on integration software applications and
sharing data. To be truly effective in B2B and EAI, a protocol must be platform independent, flexible and
based on standard technologies.

SOAP messages are delivered using which protocol?

HTTP. Its possible to deliver SOAP messages using other protocols, such as SMTP and FTP as well, but
details of these non-HTTP bindings are not specified by SOAP and are not supported by the Webservices
Basic Profile.

.
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ESS316 SERVICE WEB Summary Notes and Tutorials Questions and Answers

What is WSDL?
WSDL 1.1(Web Service Description Language) is an XML markup language used to describe a WebService.
WSDL is used to specify the exact message format, Internet protocol, and address that a client must use to
communicate with a particular Webservice.

Can you explain the basic structure of WSDL?

A WSDL document is an XML document that adheres to the WSDL XML schema. As an XML document
instance, a WSDL document must be valid and well formed. A WSDL contains elements: types, import,
message, portType, operations, binding and service. which are nested in the definitions element, the root.

What is UDDI?
UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) is a specification for creating a registry service that
catalogs organizations (corporations) and their Webservices. You can access the data in a UDDI directory
using SOAP, which makes a UDDI registry a Webservice. The UDDI specification describes about thirty
different SOAP operations that allow you to add, update, delete and find information contained in a UDDI
registry.

What are the various ways of accessing a webservice?

1. Asynchronous Call
The application can make a call to the Webservice and then continue to do whatever it wants to do. When the
service is ready it will notify the application.
The easiest and most powerful way to implement an asynchronous call is using a delegate object. A delegate
object wraps up a callback function. The idea is to pass a method in the invocation of the web method. When
the web method has finished, it will call this callback function to process the result.
2. Synchronous Call
The application has to wait until it has completed.

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