Introduction to Guidance and

Counseling

Definitions

What is the meaning of

Guidance for you?

Definitions
Peters & Shertzer Process of helping the individual to
understand himself and his world so that he can utilize
his potentialities
Jones Guidance is a personal help given to someone
Stoops & Worthlquist Continuous process of helping the
individual develop to the maximum of his capacity in
the direction most beneficial to himself and his society.
Hamrin Helping a person to see through himself in
order that he may see himself through
Chrisholm Helping an individual become familiar with
facts about himself
Taxler Enabling each individual to understand his
abilities

Aims/Purposes of Guidance
From the standpoint of the individual
a. To help the individual by his own effort, as far as
possible to achieve up to the level of his own capacity,
to gain personal satisfaction, in as many aspect of his
life as possible, and to make his maximum contribution
to the society.
b. To assist the individual to meet and solve his own
problems as they arise, to make correct interpretation of
facts and wise choices and adjustments
c. To help the individual lay a permanent foundation for
sound, mature adjustments.
d. To assist the individual to live a well-balanced life in all
respects physical, mental, emotional, social and moral

Aims/Purposes of Guidance
From the standpoint of the institution
a. The guidance program not only provides
services to the students directly, but it
also renders service to the institution. The
GP should facilitate the work of the
institutional staff along these lines: (a) it
should assist the teachers on their efforts
to understand the students; (b) it should
offer teachers systematic in-service
training; (c) it should provide for referrals
of students by teachers.

Differentiation from Education,

Counseling and Psychotherapy
Education applies generally to everyone in varying degrees. Without

the foundation of a valid general education, a persons life will not be

oriented to ultimate reality.
Counseling is often seen as, assistance given individuals to attain a
clear sense of identity. It focuses upon helping the individual to cope
with developmental tasks such as self-definition, independence and
the like.
Psychotherapy deals with intrapersonal conflicts. It usually implies a
deeper involvement with the individuals personality and is more
concerned with the improvement of more serious behavioral
conditions.
The recipients of counseling are normal individuals while
psychotherapy is used for individuals with psychological disorders.
Counseling helps the essentially normal individual remove
frustrations and obstacles that may interfere with the development,
while psychotherapy attempts to deal with disabling or
disintegrating personality conflicts.

Importance and Functions of

Guidance
Whenever DECISIONS are to be made

Guidance functions best whenever wise/intelligent

choices are to made by the individual
When there is NO CHOICE to be made
Guidance helps the individual accept/understand
the situation in order that he may cooperate with
what is inevitable.
When time may not be favorable for the individual
to make any decision.
Guidance functions best when a person is incapable
of making wise decision, due to the situation where
he is in (fatigue, pressure, emotions)

Scope of Guidance
Vocational Guidance
Educational Guidance
Personal Guidance
Recreational Guidance
Civic Guidance
Leadership Guidance

Vocational Guidance
Process of assisting the individual to choose

an occupation, prepare for it, and enter and

progress from it.

Educational Guidance
It deals with how to study, using common tools as

learning, adjusting to school life, to other activities,

regularly attending to school tasks, learning how to
take an examination, taking notes and the like. This
cannot be separated from vocational guidance.

Personal Guidance
This is the process of assisting the

individual to cope with his personal

concerns

Recreational Guidance
Has to do with helping the individual to find

his way into suitable recreational activities.

Civic Guidance
Combined with social or moral or both and community

service guidance. This is the process of helping the

individual choose, prepare for, enter and progress in civic
activities that are suited to his personal aptitudes,
interests, and other traits. Individuals need help in finding
their way into suitable community service activities

Leadership Guidance
Gives training to prospective leaders or those

who are already leaders so that they may be

guided and trained to be effective leaders

Basic Principles of Guidance

Guidance is concerned primarily and

systematically with the personal

development of the individual
The primary mode by which guidance is
conducted lies in the individual behavioral
process
Guidance is oriented toward cooperation,
not compulsion.
Guidance is based upon recognizing the
dignity and worth of individuals as well as
their right to self-determination.
Guidance is a continuous, sequential,

The Guidance Setting

Identify at least 3 roles of a
Counselor and explain each
role.
What is the difference of the
functions and scope of
Guidance in elementary, high
school and college levels?
Explain.

GUIDANCE WITHIN
EDUCATION
1. Place of Guidance in the Educational

System
Guidance Services must related to and
function compatibility with instructional
and administrative elements in the school
system. The guidance program must be
capable of adjusting to the impact of
chance in the larger society. The guidance
function in the school must take
leadership in implementing changes if
education is to be compatible with the
environment of which it is a part.

GUIDANCE WITHIN
EDUCATION
2. The School Counselor
Role vs Function
Role has been defined as the
expectations and directives for behavior
connected with a position whereas function
is usually defined as the activities in which
the counselor engages in to reach his goals
or fulfill his role

GUIDANCE WITHIN
EDUCATION
2. The School Counselor
Conceptions of Counselor Role and Function
a) The Counselor as a Quasi Administrator
b) Counselor defined as generalist
(orientation, group guidance, registration,
class scheduling, course changes,
cumulative record development, testing
scholarship etc.
c) Counselor Defined as an Agent of
Change
d) Counselor as defined as a specialist in

GUIDANCE WITHIN
EDUCATION
2. The School Counselor
Conceptions of Counselor Role and Function
e) Counselor defined as an Applied
Behavioral Scientist
f) Counselor defined as a Contingency
Manager
g) The Counselor Consultant Role
h) Counselor as a Helping Professional

Functions of the Counselor

Counseling with students on matters of self-

understanding, decision-making, and planning,

using both the interview and group situations
Consulting with staff and parents on questions of
student understanding and management
Studying changes in the character of the student
population and making a continuing interpretation
of this information to the school administration
and to curriculum-development committees
Performing a liaison function between other
school and community counseling resources and
facilitating their use by teachers and students

Guidance VS Discipline
Concept of Discipline
1. Discipline is most commonly restricted to
situations involving the handling of
misbehavior by imposing punishment
Disciplinary roles implies punitive power.
This power is of necessity external,
exclusively directive, and threatening.
Social control based upon imposing
conformity or obedience to authority will be
maintained by external restraining
authorities such as parents, teachers,
principals or representatives of the law.

Concept of Discipline
2. Discipline emphasizes its rehabilitative
function for those who commit errors.
3. Discipline is a preventive force.
4. It is a process designed to help individuals
accept the reality of external authority

Counselors Role in Discipline

The counselor must be involved in the

disciplinary process.
The involvement is of a particular kind,
however i.e. as a counselor to the student
who misbehaved: the counselor has the
responsibility of helping students explore,
sort out, understand and correct the
motivations underlying the misbehavior.
The actual meeting out of punishment is an
administrative function.

Counseling is directed toward a preventive

function by helping individuals to

1. Achieve an understanding of their
behavior
2. Develop self-control before more serious
problems develop
Is it right to discuss the punishment during
the counseling session?

The counseling relationship require that the

student feel a sense of trust in the
counselor as an individual with whom the
student can discuss problems freely,
without fear of punishment or violation of
confidence even when some problems may
concern conflicts with other members of
the school staff.

THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE

SERVICES
The Family Situation the family life has changed
1. Disappearing Family
2. The Unready Family
3. The Pathological Family
. The Complexity of Living
1. Increased mobility of Filipinos
2. Increasing course options and educational attainment
3. New job titles
4. Lack of job possibilities
5. New trends in permanency and tenure
6. Increasing financial difficulty

THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE

SERVICES
Increasing Possibilities of Experiencing

Crisis
1. Calamities
2. Crimes
3. Learning and other disorders

FOUNDATIONS OF GUIDANCE
Philosophy
Psychology
Biology
Anthropology
Sociology