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Introduction To Data Structures

This document introduces data structures and their importance for efficient programming. It defines a data structure as the logical organization of data in computer memory. Data must be organized efficiently to speed up programs through faster data retrieval. The document classifies data structures as primitive (basic data types) or non-primitive. Non-primitive structures are further divided into linear structures, where elements are stored sequentially, and non-linear structures, where relationships between elements are not sequential. Common operations on data structures like traversing, searching, inserting, deleting, sorting, and merging are also outlined. Real-life examples of when different data structures would be useful are provided.

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88 views12 pages

Introduction To Data Structures

This document introduces data structures and their importance for efficient programming. It defines a data structure as the logical organization of data in computer memory. Data must be organized efficiently to speed up programs through faster data retrieval. The document classifies data structures as primitive (basic data types) or non-primitive. Non-primitive structures are further divided into linear structures, where elements are stored sequentially, and non-linear structures, where relationships between elements are not sequential. Common operations on data structures like traversing, searching, inserting, deleting, sorting, and merging are also outlined. Real-life examples of when different data structures would be useful are provided.

Uploaded by

Kalyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

data structures
Introduction
What is a good program?
A program that
 runs correctly
 is easy to read and understand
 is easy to debug and
 is easy to modify
 run efficiently

A program is said to be efficient when it executes in


minimum time and with minimum memory space.

Data Structures help us to write efficient programs


What is a Data Structure?
Data structure is the mathematical or logical
organization of data elements in the computer
memory.

Ex: Array, stack, queue, Tree, Graph, dictionary


Why Data Structures
 Data must be organized efficiently to speed up the
programs
Eg: imagine searching linearly through an entire
array versus searching data based on some heuristic.

Why is Google so fast?


 Because it organizes the data for faster retrieval
 It may sometimes cache data for faster search
Classification of data structures
Primitive data structures
 The fundamental data types which are supported by a
programming language.

 integer, real, character, and boolean.

 The terms ‘data type’, ‘basic data type’, and ‘primitive


data type’ are often used interchangeably.
Non Primitive data structures
 These are created using primitive data structures.
 Ex: linked lists, stacks, trees, and graphs.

Non-primitive data structures can further be


classified into two categories:
 linear data structures.
 non-linear data structures.
Linear data structures
 If theelements of a data structure are stored in a
linear or sequential order, then it is a linear data
structure.

 Examples include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and


queues.
Non-Linear data structures
 If theelements of a data structure are not stored in
a sequential order, then it is a non-linear data
structure.
 The relationship of adjacency is not maintained
between elements of a non-linear data structure
 Ex: Trees, Graphs
Operations on data structures
 Traversing
 Searching
 Inserting
 Deleting
 Sorting
 Merging
Real-Life Examples of Data Structures
1. You have to store social network \feeds".
You do not know the size, and things may need to be
dynamically added.
2. You need to store undo/redo operations in a word
processor.
3. You need to evaluate an expression (i.e., parse).
4. You need to store the friendship information on a social
networking site. I.e., who is friends with who.
5. You need to store an image (1000 by 1000 pixels) as a
bitmap.
6. To implement printer spooler so that jobs can be printed in
the order of their arrival.
7. To implement back functionality in the internet browser.
8. To store the possible moves in a chess game.

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