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Introduction To SQL

SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. It allows users to query data, insert, update, and delete records from databases. SQL statements are divided into data manipulation language to query and modify data, and data definition language to define and manage database structures like tables, indexes, and constraints. Key SQL statements include CREATE to build databases and tables, INSERT to add data, SELECT to query data, and UPDATE/DELETE to modify records.

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Gerome G. Bulan
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170 views14 pages

Introduction To SQL

SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. It allows users to query data, insert, update, and delete records from databases. SQL statements are divided into data manipulation language to query and modify data, and data definition language to define and manage database structures like tables, indexes, and constraints. Key SQL statements include CREATE to build databases and tables, INSERT to add data, SELECT to query data, and UPDATE/DELETE to modify records.

Uploaded by

Gerome G. Bulan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to SQL

What is SQL?
 SQL stands for Structured Query Language

SQL lets you access and manipulate databases

SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
standard
What Can SQL do?
 SQL can execute queries against a database
 SQL can retrieve data from a database
 SQL can insert records in a database
 SQL can update records in a database
 SQL can delete records from a database
 SQL can create new databases
 SQL can create new tables in a database
 SQL can create stored procedures in a database
 SQL can create views in a database
 SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
SQL is a Standard - BUT....
 Although SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards
Institute) standard, there are many different versions of the
SQL language.
 However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all
support at least the major commands (such as SELECT,
UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner.
SQL DML and DDL
 SQL can be divided into two parts: The Data Manipulation
Language (DML) and the Data Definition Language (DDL).
The query and update commands form the DML part of SQL:
1. SELECT - extracts data from a database
2. UPDATE - updates data in a database
3. DELETE - deletes data from a database
4. INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 The DDL part of SQL permits database tables to be
created or deleted.
 It also define indexes (keys), specify links between tables,
and impose constraints between tables.
 The most important DDL statements in SQL are:
1. CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
2. ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
3. CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
4. ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
5. DROP TABLE - deletes a table
6. CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
7. DROP INDEX - deletes an index
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement
 The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a
database.
 SQL CREATE DATABASE Syntax
CREATE DATABASE database_name
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement
 The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in a
database.
 SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
....
);
SQL INSERT INTO Statement
 The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records
in a table.
 It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two
ways.
 The first way specifies both the column names and the
values to be inserted:
1. INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,
...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

2. INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,


...);
SQL SELECT Statement
 The SELECT statement is used to select data from a
database.
 The result is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
 SQL SELECT Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT * FROM table_name
An SQL SELECT Example

The "Persons" table:


P_Id LastName FirstName Address City

1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes

2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

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