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Java

Java is an object-oriented programming language that is designed to be portable, platform independent, robust, and secure. Its key features include being simple, object-oriented, portable, platform independent, secured, robust, architecture neutral, interpreted, high performance, multithreaded, distributed, and dynamic. Java uses objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation as its basic concepts of object-oriented programming. An object has a state, behavior, and identity while a class defines common properties and methods for objects of that type. Inheritance allows one class to acquire the properties of another class and polymorphism allows one action to be performed in different ways.

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118 views13 pages

Java

Java is an object-oriented programming language that is designed to be portable, platform independent, robust, and secure. Its key features include being simple, object-oriented, portable, platform independent, secured, robust, architecture neutral, interpreted, high performance, multithreaded, distributed, and dynamic. Java uses objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation as its basic concepts of object-oriented programming. An object has a state, behavior, and identity while a class defines common properties and methods for objects of that type. Inheritance allows one class to acquire the properties of another class and polymorphism allows one action to be performed in different ways.

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Java Features

The primary objective of Java programming language creation was


to make it portable, simple and secure programming language.

• Simple
• Object-Oriented
• Portable
• Platform independent
• Secured
• Robust
• Architecture neutral
• Interpreted
• High Performance
• Multithreaded
• Distributed
• Dynamic
Object-oriented programming

• Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in


Java is an object. Object-oriented means we organize our software
as a combination of different types of objects that incorporates
both data and behavior.
• Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology that
simplifies software development and maintenance by providing
some rules.

Basic concepts of OOPs are:


• Object
• Class
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
Objects
• An object in Java is the physical as well as a
logical entity, whereas, a class in Java is a
logical entity only.
Objects
An object has three characteristics:
• State: represents the data (value) of an object.
• Behavior: represents the behavior (functionality)
of an object such as deposit, withdraw, etc.
• Identity: An object identity is typically
implemented via a unique ID. The value of the ID
is not visible to the external user. However, it is
used internally by the JVM to identify each object
uniquely.
• For Example, Pen is an object. Its name is
Reynolds; color is white, known as its state. It is
used to write, so writing is its behavior.
Class
• A class is a user defined prototype from which objects are
created.
• It represents the set of properties or methods that are
common to all objects of one type. In general, class
declarations can include these components, in order:
– Modifiers : A class can be public or has default access
– Class name: The name should begin with a initial letter
(capitalized by convention).
– Superclass(if any): The name of the class’s parent (superclass), if
any, preceded by the keyword extends. A class can only extend
(subclass) one parent.
– Interfaces(if any): A comma-separated list of interfaces
implemented by the class, if any, preceded by the keyword
implements. A class can implement more than one interface.
– Body: The class body surrounded by braces, { }.
Class
An Example:-

public class MyClass {


int x = 5;

public static void main(String[] args) {


MyClass myObj = new MyClass();
System.out.println(myObj.x);
}
}
Inheritance
• Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which
one object acquires all the properties and
behaviors of a parent object.
Inheritance
class Employee{
float salary=40000;
}
class Programmer extends Employee{
int bonus=10000;
public static void main(String args[]){
Programmer p=new Programmer();
System.out.println("Programmer salary is:"+p.salary);
System.out.println("Bonus of Programmer is:"+p.bonus);

}
}
Polymorphism
• Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we
can perform a single action in different ways.
Polymorphism is derived from 2 Greek words:
poly and morphs. The word "poly" means many
and "morphs" means forms. So polymorphism
means many forms.
• Types of Polymorphism –
Runtime and compile time
Polymorphism
• Runtime Polymorphism example:

public class Animal


{
public void sound()
{
System.out.println("Animal is making a sound");
}
}
Polymorphism
class Horse extends Animal
{ @Override
public void sound()
{
System.out.println("Neigh");
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Animal obj = new Horse();
obj.sound();
}
}

Output:- Neigh
Polymorphism
Compile time Polymorphism
class Overload
{
void demo (int a)
{
System.out.println ("a: " + a);
}

void demo (int a, int b)


{
System.out.println ("a and b: " + a + "," + b);
}
double demo(double a)
{
System.out.println("double a: " + a);
return a*a;
}
}
Polymorphism
class MethodOverloading
{
public static void main (String args [])
{
Overload Obj = new Overload();
double result;
Obj .demo(10);
Obj .demo(10, 20);
result = Obj .demo(5.5);
System.out.println("O/P : " + result);
}
} Output:-
a: 10
a and b: 10,20
double a: 5.5
O/P : 30.25

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