CAMEL CONCEPT
CAMEL stands for:
Customized Application for Mobile-Network Enhanced Logic.
CAMEL is a mechanism which allows:
• Flexible creation of operator specific services,
• Each subscriber to have customised services,
• Deployment of those services to roaming subscribers.
CAMEL is sometimes referred to as GSM IN (Intelligent Networks).
CAMEL Phase 1 was defined in GSM '96 Release.
CAMEL has been included as a mandatory feature on MoU requirements
list.
CAMEL phase 1 is being followed by CAMEL phase 2 and phase 3 in
GSM'97 Release and GSM '99 Release respectively.
CAMEL Nodes And Interfaces
HLR MAP
gsmSCF
CAMEL
Home Location Register -
HLR can store CAMEL Application Part
Subscription Information (CSI) CAP
on a per subscriber basis
GSM Service
Control Function -
MAP GSM SCF Contains the
service logic and provides
instructions on how to
SSF continue call processing
Mobile Station - MS
VMSC/
does not require any GMSC
CAMEL functionality
GSM Service Switching
Function - gsmSSF, suspends
call processing and takes
instructions from the SCF
Normal Mobile to Mobile GSM Call Setup
HLR B
3
5
VLRA VLRB
VMSC GMSC VMSC
A B B
8
2 7
1
B
A
CAMEL DETECTION POINTS (DPs) - 1B/4
• Detection Points are points in processing at which notifications (to the
service logic) can occur and transfer of control (to the gsmSCF) is possible.
• 3 Different types of DPs exist:
• TDP-R: Trigger Detection Point - Request
This DP is statically armed and initiates a CAMEL control relationship
when encountered. Processing is suspended when the DP is
encountered.
• EDP-R: Event Detection Point - Request
This DP is dynamically armed within the context of a CAMEL control
relationship. Processing is suspended awaiting instructions from the
gsmSCF when encountering the DP.
• EDP-N: Event Detection Point - Notification
This DP is dynamically armed within the context of a CAMEL control
relationship. Processing is not suspended when encountering the DP.
CAMEL DPs and BCSMs - 2B/4
• Detection Points are associated with the concept of Basic Call State
Machines (BCSMs).
• BCSM is a high level model used to describe the actions in a GMSC or
MSC/VLR during originating, forwarded or terminated calls.
• BCSM identifies the points in basic call processing when
Operator Specific Service logic instances (accessed through DP
the gsmSCF) are permitted to interact with basic call control Point In Call
(PIC)
capabilities.
• BCSM processing is suspended when encountering a DP
until further instruction is given from the gsmSCF.
BCSM DP
gsmSSF gsmSCF
MSC/ GMSC
Call processing Switching Centre Control Centre
CAMEL Originating-BCSM - 3B/4
O-Null & Authorise_Origination_ O-Exception
Attempt_Collect_Info
DP2 Collect_Info
Analyse, Routing & Alerting
O-BCSM in the MSC/ GMSC
O_Disconnect DP7 O_Answer
DP9 O-Active
CAMEL Detection Point DP Type Description
DP2 Collect_Info TDP-R Indication that the O-CSI is analysed
DP7 O_Answer EDP-N Indication that the call is accepted and
answered by the terminating party
DP9 O_Disconnect EDP-N, A disconnect indication is received from
EDP-R the originating party or from the
terminating party
CAMEL Terminating-BCSM - 4B/4
T-Null T-Exception
DP12 Terminating_Attempt_Authorised
Terminating Call Handling
T-BCSM in the GMSC
T_Disconnect DP15 T_Answer
DP17 T-Active
CAMEL Detection Point DP Type Description
DP12 Terminating_ TDP-R Indication that the T-CSI is analysed
Attempt_Authorised
DP15 T_Answer EDP-N Call is accepted and answered by the
terminating party
DP17 T_Disconnect EDP-N, A disconnect indication is received from
EDP-R the originating party or from the
terminating party
CAMEL SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION (CSI) - 1A/3
I would like my calls
OK to be directed to my mobile
every afternoon
• To provision
CAMEL, CSI is
User profile for Time provided by the
Dependent Routing
entered into SCF
HPLMN operator by
Administrator administrator means.
gsmSCF
Info sent to HLR to
provision CSI data for
HLR
TDR for this subscriber
• CSI identifies if the subscriber requires CAMEL support.
• CSI identifies which gsmSCF to use for that CAMEL support.
• CSI contains information related to the Operator Specific Service
(OSS) of the subscriber, for example the Service Key.
Originating and Terminating CSI - 2A/3
CSI in Location Update
HLR
• Originating-CSI identifies
subscriber as having originating
CAMEL Services. O-CSI is stored
in the VLR as part of subscriber S
data for roaming subscriber in the S VLRA
F
VLR area. VMSC
GMSC
B
A
HLR HLR sends CAMEL
profile - CSI - in
SRI Ack to the GMSC • Terminating-CSI identifies subscriber
as having terminating CAMEL Services.
T-CSI is fetched by the GMSC when the
HLR of the called subscriber is being
VLRA SSF interrogated by the GMSC.
VMSC GMSC
• Originating-CSI is sent to the GMSC
A B for forwarding.
CSI CONTENT - 3A/3
• gsmSCF address
as an E.164 number
• Service Key
which identifies to the gsmSCF the service logic that should be
used.
• Default call handling
that indicates how to proceed the call in case of error in the
gsmSSF - gsmSCF dialogue (release or continue).
• TDP list
that indicates on which Detection Point (DP) triggering shall take
place. Only DP2 for O-CSI and only DP12 for T-CSI.
Mobile Originated Call Setup With CAMEL
gsmSCF
2
S VLRA SSF
S
F VMSC GMSC
A B
A
Mobile Terminated Call Setup With CAMEL
5 9 10
HLR
gsmSCF 11
gsmSCF
3 12 6 7
8
2
S VLRA SSF VLRB
S
F VMSC GMSC VMSC
A B B
4 13
1 14
B
A
Complete Call Setup With CAMEL Invoked By Both Parties
5 9 10
HLR
gsmSCF 11
gsmSCF
3 12 6 7
8
2
S VLRA SSF VLRB
S
F VMSC GMSC VMSC
A B B
4 13
1 14
B
A
OK MO CAMEL Call Setup - VPN Example
User profile I would
for VPN entered like VPN Info sent to HLR to
into SCF provision CSI data for
VPN for this subscriber
Administrator
gsmSCF
HLR
CSI in Location Update
2 S VLRA
S
F VMSC GMSC
A B
1 4
VPN is Virtual
A Mobile Originated (MO) Private Network
MT CAMEL Call Setup - 1/2 Invocation of CAMEL - TDR Example
Info sent to HLR to OK
I would like my calls
provision CSI data for to be directed to my mobile
TDR for this subscriber every afternoon
Administrator
HLR gsmSCF
5
7
6
User profile
HLR sends CAMEL for TDR entered
profile in SRI Ack into SCF
to the GMSC
8
VLRA SSF VLRB
VMSC GMSC VMSC
A B B
TDR is Time
B
Dependent Routing Mobile Terminated (MO)
MT CAMEL Call Setup - 2/2 End of Call Setup after use of CAMEL
10
HLR gsmSCF
9
11
12
8
SSF
VLRB
Once CAMEL has GMSC
VMSC
B
provided the service, B
Call Setup can 14
13
proceed making sure
routing information is
returned in the SRI
B
Mobile Terminated (MO)
CAMEL OPERATIONS: SSF - SCF MESSAGE FLOWS - 1C/3
gsmSSF gsmSCF
INITIAL DP
When a trigger is detected at a DP in the BCSM, Initial DP is
sent to request instructions from the gsmSCF
CONNECT
To request the gsmSSF to perform the call processing actions, to
route the call to a specific destination
RELEASE CALL
gsmSCF tears down an existing call at any phase of the call for
all parties involved in the call
CONTINUE
To request the gsmSSF to proceed with the call processing at the DP at
which it previously suspended the call processing to await gsmSCF
instructions. There is no change made to basic call
CAMEL OPERATIONS: SSF - SCF MESSAGE FLOWS - 2C/3
gsmSSF gsmSCF
ACTIVITY TEST
Checks for the continued existence of a relationship between the SSF and SCF
ACTIVITY TEST RESPONSE
Sent when a relationship still exists between the SSF and SCF
REQUEST REPORT BCSM EVENT
Requests the SSF to monitor for a call-related event
(i.e dynamically arms EDPs)
EVENT REPORT BCSM
Notifies the SCF of a call-related event
(i.e an armed EDP is encountered)
CAMEL OPERATIONS: SCF - HLR MESSAGE FLOWS - 3C/3
VLR HLR gsmSCF
ANY TIME INTERROGATION REQUEST
To request subscriber state and location
from the HLR at any time
PROVIDE SUBSCRIBER INFO
To request subscriber state and
location from the VLR at any time
PROVIDE SUBSCRIBER INFO ACK
Provides the requested
information to the HLR ANY INTERROGATION RESPONSE
Provides the requested
information to the gsmSCF
CAMEL interaction with GSM Call forwarding - 1D/4
• CAMEL treats the forwarding of a call in a
similar way to a call origination, hence it is
possible to trigger DP2 when a call is forwarded
due to GSM Call Forwarding.
• If the subscriber is provisioned with O-CSI it is
possible to invoke CAMEL as part of GSM Call
Forwarding at both the GMSC and VMSC.
CAMEL and GSM Call Forwarding at the GMSC - 2D/4
The originating
T-CSI + O-CSI The terminating service can be
+ Forward-To- service is applied to the
Number (C address) activated first outgoing leg of
the call forwarding.
SCF
HLR T-CSI
SCF
O-CSI
SSF GSM Call
Forwarding invoked
GMSCB
CAMEL and GSM Call Forwarding at the VMSC - 3D/4
The originating
service can be
applied to the
SCF
outgoing leg of
O-CSI the call forwarding.
GSM Call
Forwarding invoked
SSF
VMSCB
Applying O-CSI to a call forwarded by CAMEL (T-CSI) - 4D/4
The terminating
service forwards The originating
T-CSI + O-CSI the call. service can be
applied to the
outgoing leg of
the call forwarding.
SCF
HLR T-CSI
SCF
O-CSI
SSF
GMSCB
