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E-R to Relational Model Conversion

This document discusses how to convert an entity-relationship (E-R) diagram into a relational database model. Each entity type becomes a table, with attributes as columns and the entity's primary key as the table's primary key. Composite attributes are split into separate columns. Multivalued attributes require a separate table, with a foreign key reference. Relationship types are modeled by including primary keys as foreign keys between tables, or by creating an associative entity table for many-to-many relationships. The conversion process specifies the schema, primary keys, and foreign key references for each table.

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Leong Chee Hao
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394 views16 pages

E-R to Relational Model Conversion

This document discusses how to convert an entity-relationship (E-R) diagram into a relational database model. Each entity type becomes a table, with attributes as columns and the entity's primary key as the table's primary key. Composite attributes are split into separate columns. Multivalued attributes require a separate table, with a foreign key reference. Relationship types are modeled by including primary keys as foreign keys between tables, or by creating an associative entity table for many-to-many relationships. The conversion process specifies the schema, primary keys, and foreign key references for each table.

Uploaded by

Leong Chee Hao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 6

Converting E-R Diagrams


to Relational Model
Introduction
 E-R model : the database represented is
viewed as a graphical drawings of:
 Entities and attributes
 Relationships among those entities
 - not tables
 Relational model: the database is viewed as a
 Tables
 And their attributes (keys)
E-R Diagrams
 Need to convert E-R diagrams to an
implementation schema.
 Easy to map E-R diagrams to relational model,
and then to SQL.
 Three components of conversion process:
 Specify schema of relation itself
 Specify primary key on the relation
 Specify any foreign key references to other
relations
Strong entity
 Each entity type becomes a table.
 Each single-valued attribute becomes a
column
 Derived attributes are ignored
 Composite attributes are represented by
components
 Multi-valued attributes are represented by a
separate table
 The key attribute of the entity type becomes
the primary key of the table
Example 1: single value
attribute
Example 2
Composite attribute – attribute which
can be broken into few attribute

 Relational model doesn’t handle composite


attributes
 When mapping E-R composite attributes to relation
schema:
 –Each component attribute maps to a separate
attribute in relation schema
 –In relation schema, simply can’t refer to composite
as a whole
Composite attribute - example
Multivalued attribute
 Multivalued attributes require a separate
relation schema
 No such thing as a multivalued attribute in
relational model
 For multivalued attribute M in entity-set E
 Create a relation schema R to store M, with few
attribute A corresponding to M
 A is single-valued version of M
 Attributes of R are: A and primary key for E
 Primary key of R includes all attributes of R
 Foreign key constraint from R to E, is the
primary key of E attribute
Multivalued attribute -
Example
Relationship-set Primary key (1)
 For binary relationship-sets:
 e.g. between strong entity-sets A and B
 For one-to-one relationship mapping, one
relation will include the primary key from the
other relation as FK or vice versa.
 A (a1, a2, a3, b1), B (b1, b2, b3, b4) OR
 b1 is the FK for the relation A
 A (a1, a2, a3). B (b1, b2, b3, b4, a1)
 a1 is the FK for the relation B
Relationship-set Primary key (2)
 For many-to-one or one-to-many mappings:
 e.g. between strong entity-sets A and B
 Primary key from one side relation schema will
become the FK of the many side relation.
 Example: relationship R between A and B
 One-to-many mapping, with B on “many” side
 Schema for A will be  A (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5)
 Schema for B will be  B (b1, b2, b3, b4, a1)
Relationship-set Primary key (2)
 For many-to-many relationship, need to
create a separate entity (called associative
entity), and this entity will has attributes which
are the PK from the two participating entities.
 For example:
A (a1, a2, a3, a4)
B (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5)
C (a1, b1)
Relational-set : Example
Exercises…

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