CHAPTER 3

INPUT AND OUTPUT

 Learning Outcomes

1. Define input.
2. Describe keyboard entry including types and features of keyboards.
3. Identify different pointing devices including game controllers and styluses.
4. Describe scanning devices including optical scanners, RFID readers , NFC readers and
recognition devices.
5. Recognize image capturing devices , audio-input devices and biometric devices .
6. Define output.
7. Identify different monitor features and types including flat-panels and e-books.
8. Define printing features and types including inkjet and cloud printers.
9. Recognize different audio and video devices including portable media devices.
10. Define combination input and output devices including multifunctional2 devices, smart
watch, telephones, drones, robots, and VR headgear and gloves.
 Introduction

 Have you ever wondered how information gets into

your computer or comes out in a form you can use?
 Input devices convert what
we understand into what the
system unit can process
 Output devices convert what
the system unit has processed
into a form that we can understand
INPUT DEVICES
 What is Input?

 Any data or instructions used by a computer

 Input devices translate data into a form that the system unit can
process
 Some hardware input devices include:

Keyboard
s Mouse Pointing

Image Audio-
Scanning
capturing input
Keyboard Entry

 Keyboards
 Traditional keyboards
 Laptop keyboards
 Virtual keyboards
 Thumb keyboards
 Pointing Devices

Provide an intuitive interface by accepting pointing gestures and

converting them into machine-readable input
 Wide variety of devices such as:

Touch Game
Mouse screen Stylus
controller

7
 Mouse Types

 Optical mouse
 Has no moving parts
 Emits and senses light to detect mouse movement
 Can be used on any surface
 Wireless mouse
 Battery operated
 Uses radio waves or infrared light waves
 Touch pads
 Controls pointer by moving and tapping your fingers on the surface of the pad
 Touch Screen

 Can be touched with more than one finger

 Common on mobile devices
 Apple iPhone
 Notebook computers
 Desktop monitors
 Stylus is a pen-like device
 Used on tablets
 Uses handwriting recognition software
 Gaming Controllers

 Provide input to computer games

• Joysticks use pressure and direction of the stick
• Gaming mice are similar to a mouse but high precision
• Game pads use both hands
• Motion sensing device control games by user movement
Scanning Devices

Scanners convert scanned data into a form the system unit

can process
 Optical scanners
 Flatbed scanners
 Document scanners
 Portable scanners
 3D scanners
 Card Readers

Interpret encoded information that is stored on debit, credit

and identification cards
 Magnetic card reader
 Information read from strip when swiped through reader
 Smart cards hold additional security information

Credit cards
Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Other similar cards

 Bar Code Readers

Contain photo-electric cells that scan or

read bar codes or the zebra striped
marks printed on product containers
 Wand readers
 Hand –held readers
 UPCs and MaxiCode readers
 UPC are heavily used in grocery stores for
automated checkout and inventory control
 MaxiCode used by shipping companies for
routing packages

A QR code stores information in both a

vertical and horizontal direction
 RFID Readers
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
Tiny chips embedded (tags) in most anything (object) contain electronically stored
information that can be read using an RFID reader located several yards away.
 An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
 RFID can track:

Tracking times of Tracking location

Checking lift
runners in a of people and
tickets of skiers
marathon other items

Gauging
Managing temperature and Checking out
inventory pressure of tires library books
on a vehicle

Tracking payment
Providing access
Managing as vehicles pass
to rooms or
purchases through booths on
buildings
tollway systems
 Character and Mark Recognition Readers

Recognize special characters and marks

 Character and mark recognition devices
 Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)
 Usedby banks to read encoded characters on
checks
 Optical-character recognition (OCR)
 Readspreprinted characters such as wand
scanners
 Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
 Sense the presence of absence of marks used for
test scoring
 NFC Reader

 NFC (near field communication) is a protocol, based on RFID, that

defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to
communicate between two devices or objects equipped with NFC
technology

Source : Slide CE17_Ch10 16

 NFC Reader

 Near Field Communication, NFC is standards developed primarily for smartphones for two-way

communication between the device and tag by bringing them close to one another.
 The range of NFC is very short, usually only an inch or less. 
 NFC can be used for a number of things, including commerce, user identification, and security.
  Eg: Google Wallet employs NFC to allow for MasterCard PayPass purchase transactions.
 NFC offers many enhanced experiences in areas such as transport, automotive, connected home,
connected health, retail, hospitality, and more?

17
 NFC tags

 NFC tags, may be purchased and programmed to do anything you want.

 For example, an NFC tag can be programmed to turn off your phone's
Wi-Fi, go into silent, or airplane mode when scanned by an NFC-
enabled phone to save battery power when in your car.

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 Image Capturing Devices

Create or capture original images

 Digital Camera
 Capture images digitally and store in memory
 Web Cams
 are specialized digital video cameras that
capture images and send them to
a computer for broadcast over the Internet.
 Audio-Input Devices

 Voice recognition systems

 Use a microphone, sound card, and special software
 Users can operate computers and create documents using voice
commands
 Included in many smart phones
 Siri in iPhones
 Cortana in Windows phones
 Google Now in Google phones
 Biometrics Authenticates Devices

 A biometric device authenticates a person’s identity by translating a

personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital
code in a computer or mobile device verifying a physical or behavioral
characteristic
 Example Application of Biometrics

21
Source : Slide DC16_Ch05
 Unauthorized Access and Use

Face
Fingerprint
recognition
reader
system

Hand Voice
geometry verification
system system

Signature Iris
verification recognition
system system Source : Slide DC16_Ch05

Pages 224 – 226 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
22
Figures 5-8 – 5-11
OUTPUT DEVICES
 Output

Processed data or information

Type of outputs Output devices

• Text • Monitors
• Graphics/photos • Printers
• Audio & video • Audio-output
devices
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Monitors

Known as screens or display screens and

present visual images of text and graphics
 Output referred to as soft copy
 Features
 Clarity

 Resolution/pixels

 Dot pitch
 Contrast ratios
 Size

 Aspect ratio
Monitor Types

 Flat-panel monitors
 Require less power to operate
 Portable and thin
 Most are backlit
Three types:
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 Older monitors
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
 More advanced backlighting
 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)
 Thin layer organic compound that produces light
 Curved Monitors

Has a concave screen that provides

better viewing angles near the edges of
the screen
 Used by high-end gamers
 Used for smart watch displays
 E-book Readers

An e-book is a traditional books printed in electronic

form

E-book readers are dedicated mobile devices for

storing and displaying e-books
 Use e-ink technology
 Produce images that reflect light
 Kindle
 Nook
 Other Monitor Types

Other monitors
Digital/interactive whiteboards
 Connects to a computer or project
 Controlled using a special pen or even your finger
 Classrooms and corporate boardrooms

Ultra High-definition television (UHDTV)

 Digital output delivering a much clearer and more detailed image that
regular HDTV

Digital Projector
 Project the images from a traditional monitor onto a screen or wall
 Printers

 Translatesinformation that has been processed by the

system unit
A printer produces text and graphics on a physical
medium (DC16_07)
 Output referred to as hard copy
 Features
 Resolution

 Color

 Speed

 Memory

 Duplex printing
 Type of Printers

NONIMPACT
PRINTER

IMPACT
PRINTER

Page 212
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition Chapter 5
Comparison 31
Figure 5-35
 Printers

 A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without

actually striking the paper

Ink-jet Photo Laser Thermal

printers printers printers printers

Mobile Large-format
Plotters
printers printers

32
 Non-Impact Printer

 Anink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny

drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
 Color or black-and-white
 Printers with a higher dpi (dots per inch) produce a higher quality output
 Reliable, quite and inexpensive

33
 Non-Impact Printer

Photo printers are specifically designed to create

photographs that rival any 35mm film print. Photo printers
use inkjet or dye-sublimation (dye-sub) technology (also
called thermal wax printing).
• A photo printer produces color photo-lab-
quality pictures
• Most use ink-jet technology
• PictBridge allows you to print photos directly
from a digital camera
• Print from a memory card and preview photos on
a built-in LCD screen
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 Non-Impact Printer

Laser printers uses a laser light beam to produce images

• Fast, excellent quality
• Personal or shared

High-
speed

Black- Laser High-

and-
white printer quality

Color

35
 Non-Impact Printer

 A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated

pins against the heat-sensitive paper. Monochrome thermal
printers are used in cash registers, ATMs, gasoline dispensers and
some older inexpensive fax machines.
 A dye-sublimation printer is a computer printer which uses heat
to transfer dye onto materials such as a plastic, card, paper, or
fabric. 

1) Ink 2)Paper

36
 Non-Impact Printer

A mobile printer is a small,

lightweight, battery-powered
printer that allows a mobile
user to print wirelessly from a
mobile device

37
 Non-Impact Printer

 Plotters are special-purpose printers for producing a wide range of

specialized output and produce high-quality drawings
 Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints on a
larger scale

Page 216 38
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition Chapter 5
Figure 5-42
 Impact Printer

 Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by

striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts
the paper

Dot-matrix Daisy-wheel
Line printer
printer printer

39
 Impact Printer
A dot-matrix printer produces
printed images when tiny wire
pins on a print head mechanism
strike an inked ribbon
 much like the print mechanism
on a typewriter.

Page 217 40
Figure 5-43
 Impact Printer

 Lineprinter a machine that prints output

from a computer a line at a time rather
than character by character.

41
 Impact Printer

 A daisy-wheel printer works on the same principle as a ball-head

typewriter. The daisy wheel is a disk made of plastic or metal on
which characters stand out in relief along the outer edge. To print a
character, the printer rotates the disk until the desired letter is
facing the paper.

42
Comparison Between
Impact & Non-impact Printers

IMPACT PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER

 Text or image is formed  Text or image is formed
in contact of paper and without any physical
the printer head. contact of the paper and
the printer head.
 Noisy, slow and poor  Noiseless, fast and high
quality output. quality output.
 These printers are  These printers are
cheap. expensive.
 Example – Dot matrix,  Example – Laser , Ink-jet,
line, daisy wheel and thermal, photo, plotter and
etc. etc.
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Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition Chapter 5
 Other Printers

 Anall-in-one printer is a single device that prints,

scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes
 Also called a multifunction printer

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 Other Printers
 3D Printers create 3-D shapes with a thin layer of material
repeatedly until created
 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making
three dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
 In an additive process an object is created by laying down
successive layers of material until the object is created.
 Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal
cross-section of the eventual object.

Example
Objects
45
 Tools for 3D Printer Processing

1. 3D scanners
3D scanners use different technologies to generate a 3D model (3D digital copy of object).

2. 3D modeling software - CAD (Computer Aided Design)

3D modeling software making virtual design of the object. Example : Blender, Tinkercard
3. 3D Printer
Print 3D solid object. 

3D SCANNER 46
 Other Printers
 Cloud printers are printers connected to the Internet
that provide printing services to others on the
Internet. Google Cloud Print is a service that
supports cloud printing.
 Other Printers

 Braille printer
Audio and Video Devices

 Translatesaudio information from

the computer into sounds that
people can understand
 Speakers and headphones
 Bluetooth Technology
 Wireless technology
 Used to connect to speakers and headsets
 Other Output Devices

A data projector is a
device that projects the
text and images
displaying on a
computer or mobile
device screen on a
larger screen so that an
audience can see the
image clearly
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 Other Output Devices
 Aninteractive
whiteboard is a touch-
sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the
image on a connected
computer screen

51
 Combination of
Input and Output
Devices
Combination Input and Output Devices

 Headsets
 Combine a microphone and headphones

 Multifunctional devices (MFD)

 Cost efficient but lower quality
 All-in-one printers are a good example
 Telephones
 Known as Telephony and Internet Telephony
 Voice-over IP (VoIP)
 Hangouts
 Face Time
 Skype
 Combination Input and Output Devices

 JvGood Bluetooth Smart Watch Touch Screen

 Smart Tracker Watch
 Drones and Robots

Drones or unarmed aerial vehicles

 Take input from a controller and send back video
and sound to the user
 Very cost effective now
Robots
 Use microphones, cameras and other sensors as
input
 Output is dependent on the use for the robot
 Assists in surgery

Virtual Reality
 Created in 3D through computers for a virtual
experience
 Headgear with gloves have sensors to collect data that
work with software
 Input and Output Devices
for Physically Challenged Users
Head-mounted pointer Braille printer

56
 Making IT Work for You ~ Skype
 Communications tool using VoIP
 www.skype.com
 Ergonomics

 Study of human factors

related to things people
use
 Fit the task to the user
to avoid:
 Eyestrain and headache
 Back and neck pain
 Repetitive strain injury
 Ergonomic Challenged Devices

Portable devices are not set up for ergonomics

 Laptops
 Because the keyboard and monitor are connected, they cannot be
set up ergonomically
 Tablets
 Tablet hunch is caused by the users head being improperly aligned to
the viewing surface
 Smartphones
 Blackberry thumb results from using thumbs to type on a tiny keyboard
 A Look to the Future
Augmented Reality Displays

 With wearable augmented reality

displays, data from your computer and
the Internet will be instantly viewable
 Funding for development from the
government has begun to assist
soldiers and pilots.
 Google has developed a prototype,
“Project Glass”, that is being tested
 Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)

1. Define input and output devices.

2. Describe the different types of keyboard, pointing, scanning,

image capturing, and audio-input devices.

3. Define biometric authentication devices and give an examples.

4. Discuss combination input and output devices

5. Describe the features and different types of monitors and printers.

 Reference

 Computing Essential 2017 (CE17) – Chapter 6,10

 Discovering Computers 2016 (DC16) - Chapter 7, 5
 Discovering Computers Fundamentals (DC12) – Chapter 5
END OF CHAPTER 3