Computer Hardware
• Computer Components
– Processor
– Memory
– Input Units
– Output Units
• Types of Computers
Processor
• ALU
• Control Unit
• Registers
– Control Counter
– Instruction Register
What is a Microprocessor?
The Microprocessor receives data & instructions and
Stores them temporarily & then processes the data
as per the instructions.
INTEL PROCESSORS
AMD Processors
Flip Chip Pin Grid Array
Flip Chip Ball Grid Array
HANDLING PROCESSOR
8088
Evolution of Intel Microprocessors
80286 and Pursuit by AMD Processors
80386 AMD 386
80486 AMD 486
Pentium AMD K5
Pentium Pro AMD K6
Pentium II AMD K6-II
Pentium III AMD K6-III
Celeron
(Castrated Pentiums) Pentium IV Duron Athlon
Primary Storage
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• Random-Access Memory (RAM)
• Cache Memory
RAM
72 Pin SIMM
168 Pin DIMM
184-pin Rambus RIMM
184 Pin DIMM
Secondary Storage
• Magnetic Disks (HDD)
• Optical Disks (CD-ROM)
• Magneto-Optical Disks
• Laser Cards/Smart Cards
Magnetic Storage Units
• Computer Components (CPU)
• Memory
• Input Units
• Output Units
• Classes of Computers
Input Units
Output Devices
Monitor S-Video DVI Port
Unit Description Approximate Size
1 bit 1 binary digit
1 nibble 4 bits
1 byte 8 bits 1 character
1 kilobyte 1,024 bytes 1/2 page, double spaced
1 megabyte 1,048,576 bytes 500,000 pages
1 million bytes
1 gigabyte 1,073,741,824 bytes 5 million pages
1 billion bytes
1 terabyte 1 trillion bytes 5 billion pages
• Computer Components
– Processor
– Memory
– Input Units
– Output Units
• Types of Computers
Computer Types
• Stand – Alones
• Clients / Workstations
• Servers
Stand – Alone’s
• PC’s
– A small computer of limited capacity
– Capable of performing basic IT functions like word processing.
• Tablet PC’s
– Form of a notebook or a slate
– Use of digitizing tablet technology or a touch screen.
– Without having to have a keyboard or mouse.
• PDA’s
– Act as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer.
– Handwriting and/or voice recognition features.
– also are called palmtops, handheld computers, and pocket computers.
Clients / Workstations
• Desktops
– A computer small enough to sit on a desk top.
– Mostly GUIs.
• Laptops
– Portable computer as powerful as a desktop system
– Can run for a short time on batteries.
• Thin clients
– Client in client-server architecture networks
– Has to depend primarily on the central server for processing
activities.
– Small boot image which required to connect to a network
Servers (Networked?)
• Main Frames
– Designed for intensive computational tasks
– Used by large corporations.
– Shared by multiple users connected to the computer via
terminals.
– Originally refers to the cabinet containing the CPU of a
room-sized batch-processing machine.
• Cluster servers
– Use of multiple computers and storage devices to act a
single system.
– Used to increase a system's availability
– Load balancing on highly-trafficked Web sites.
Servers (Networked?)…
• Rack Servers
– Slim-line case that fits into a rack
– Ease of storage and cable connectivity.
– Web servers that are stored in rack formations.
– Usually between 1U and 4U configurations depending on the capacity of the
server and number of processors.
• Blade Servers
– Housing for a number of individual minimally-packaged computer
motherboard "blades“
– each including one or more processors, memory, storage, and network
connections
– Sharing the common power supply and air-cooling resources of the chassis. ...
