IMD314–EXTENSION SERVICES
FOR INFORMATION AGENCIES
Chapter Two
Types of Extension Services
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
Extension is a process or a service way of getting
knowledge developed from one environment to the
other.
Extension service is a system or service which
provides people or a community an opportunity to
have access to beneficial service or facility which
under normal circumstances they would not have
been able to avail themselves of them.
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
Extension Service (with regard to
information services) is the provision
of information materials and services
outside of the information agency’s
regular or main service center or outlet.
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
In Library Context
Extension services is the activity of lending or
delivering books and other forms of
information to users who are distant from
the library or who may be relatively near to it
but unable to travel to it.
In a public library environment, it can also
mean the extension of public library services
so that they reach more and more people.
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
In Library Context
Reitz, J.M. in ODLIS (2004) define extended
services as “Programs and activities that
enable a library or library system to deliver
traditional services outside the physical walls
of its facilities, including bookmobiles, book-by-
mail and direct delivery of library materials to
patrons”.
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
DR. S. R. RANGANATHAN description of Extension
Services:
“Apart from such methods of pure publicity,
libraries are now a days developing certain new
types of work which, in addition to their being
directly educative or recreational, lead also to
publicity as an important secondary product.”
These activities are named as the extension
services of libraries.
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
Dr. Jyotsna Gupta said that the Extension
Service (ES) is an effort of a library to
increase the number of its users to make the
maximize use of its resources.
Reitz,J.M.(2004) define extended services
as programs and activities that enable
a library or library system to deliver traditional
services outside the physical walls of
its facilities to patrons
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WHAT IS EXTENSION SERVICES
Extension Services, if carefully observed, are
included as one of the service provided by
the main library of any type of libraries.
Extension services are also a form of
publicity as it promotes the new library
services and inform the public or consumers
what the library has been doing.
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BASIC ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A LIBRARY
CHIEF LIBRARIAN /
DIRECTOR, etc.
Human Resource /
Administration
Deputy
ChiefLibrarian
CIRCULATION REFERENCE TECHNICAL
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
1. It is provided as a convenience to user
populations where travel to the central library is
difficult or expensive.
2. It is to create image of the library among the
public and government.
3. Maximizing the use of library resources.
4. It creates and stimulates the desire for good
reading and brings information resources and readers
together.
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Physical disabilities of a person
Homebound or Institutionalized
Economic disability
Lack of transportation; and
Safety reason.
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Physical disabilities of a person
People with physical disabilities such as
physically handicapped and also mentally
handicapped which prohibit them from regular
travelling .
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REASON FOR ROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Homebound or Institutionalized
Due to physical injury or sickness NOT physical
handicapped.
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Economic disability
Poor people where travel incur expenditure that
they can’t afford as priority is on making ends
meet. Their economic disability prevent them
from visiting the library on regular or irregular
basis.
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Lack of transportation; and
the poor public transportation system
the inability of the majority of the
community to pay the transportation expenses
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
Types Of Difficulties
Safety reason.
physical safety of a user or the
community
material safety
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REASON FOR PROVODING EXTENSION SERVICES
2. It is to create image of the library among the
public and government.
to impress the stakeholders and users
to secure funds
helps portray and paints a “good” image
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
3. Maximizing the use of library resources.
maximize the use of available resources by
extending the service beyond the central
organization.
new and additional customers reached
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REASON FOR PROVIDING EXTENSION SERVICES
4. It creates and stimulates the desire for good
reading and brings information resources and readers
together.
first Law of Library Science “Books are for use”
third law of library science “Every book has its
reader”
The Extension Services are efforts to reach the
maximum number of people base on the principle
profess in the first and third law of library science
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in the rural area
People in the sub-urban area
People with physical (and mental) disabilities
People who are homebound
People who are elderly
People in Detention Institution
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in the rural area
Rural areas or the country or countryside are areas
of land that are not urbanized, though when large
areas are described, country towns and smaller cities
will be included. They have a low population density,
and typically much of the land is devoted
to agriculture and there may be less air and water
pollution than in an urban area.
(United States perspective).
21
cont…
USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in the rural area
Malaysian Statistical Department in its 2000 census
define rural area as an area with population less than
10,000 or areas which is not gazzette. Hence some of
the small towns may be included as rural area.
The rural people of the developing and
underdeveloped countries are in dire need of the
information extension service as a mean to
empower them towards self development.
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in the sub-urban area
In the United States and Canada, suburb can refer
either to an outlying residential area of a city or
town or to a separate municipality, borough, or
unincorporated area outside a town or city.
In many parts of the developed world, suburbs are
different from the American suburb. In some cases
suburbs of cities outside of North America are
economically distressed areas, inhabited by higher
proportions of recent immigrants, with higher
delinquency rates and social problems. cont…
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in the sub-urban area
In Malaysia, suburbs are common, especially in areas
surrounding the Klang Valley, which is the largest
conurbation (group of towns/cities) in the country. These
suburbs also serve as major housing areas
and commuter towns. Terraced houses, semi detached
houses and shop houses are common concepts in
suburbs. In certain areas such as Klang, Subang Jaya
and Petaling Jaya, suburbs form the core of these
places. The latter one has been turned into a satellite of
Kuala Lumpur. Suburbs are also evident in other smaller
conurbations including Ipoh, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu,
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Kuching and Penang.
USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Disable people in their home or institutionalized
Homebound people in their home
Elderly people in their homes or care center
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in Detention Institution
Prison
Juvenile Detention Center
Immigration Detention Center
Psychiatric Prison
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in Detention Institution
Prison
A place where those convicted of violating a
federal law under the legal system, who are then
incarcerated at a prison that exclusively, houses
similar criminals.
.
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in Detention Institution
Juvenile Detention Center
Juvenile offenders in most countries are
adjudicated and confined in a justice system separate
from that which deals with adults.
A secure residential facility for young people, often
termed juvenile delinquents, awaiting court hearings
and/or placement in long-term care facilities and
programs.
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USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in Detention Institution
Immigration Detention Center
Individuals held in an immigration detention
center face no other criminal charge beyond unlawful
entry into a country or a similar alleged crime. In some
instances, a person held in an immigration facility has
served a sentence for another type of crime in a
country detention center and is transferred to an
immigration facility after that sentence, awaiting
29 transfer out of the country.
USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES
People in Detention Institution
Psychiatric Prison
Some psychiatric facilities have characteristics
of prisons, particularly when confining patients who
have committed a crime and are considered
dangerous. In addition, many prisons have psychiatric
units dedicated to housing offenders diagnosed with a
wide variety of mental disorders.
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LOCATION OF EXTENSION SERVICES
The library should be where most people will see it
most often and should have its own building; at least it
should, if part of a larger building, be clearly separated
from other parts and have its own main street entrance.
A branch library or information agency should not focus
its budget in getting a building but a premise specially
designated for a branch must be planned. It is good to
concentrate on the collection and services but making
31 the branch library attractive, bright, and clean is a must.
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Extension Services could be divided into two (2) broad
categories:
1. Permanent Services
2. One-off or Event Based activities
The extension services and activities may fall under
permanent or temporary services or under both categories
depending on the activities, localities, and necessity.
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services:
(i) Branch Service
(ii) Mobile Service
(iii) Rural Library
(iv) Information service center
(v) Community service center
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services
(i) Branch Services
An auxiliary service outlet in a library system, housed
in a facility separate from the central library, which
has at least a basic collection of materials, a regular
staff, and established hours, with a budget and
policies determined by the central library.
A branch library is usually located in major towns in a
state or in sub-urban areas of a metropolitan area
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Cont..
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Branch Archive
Branch Archive is also given the objective as
the national archive. They too collect and
preserve all archives records and materials
which has historical and value but confined to a
particular state in the country
Branch Archive are also establish to assist the
government in creating systematic, effective and
economical record management system especially
for state and federal office in a particular state.
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
A museum, in its organizational structure, usually does
not have a branch with similar collection as the national
museum. Other museum within the country, if
administered by the national museum, will have a
different type of collection, such as War Museum,
Cultural Museum, Science Museum, etc.
Therefore it seems inappropriate to consider it as a
branch because it has a totally different feature (in terms
of collection) from the national or central museum
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services
ii) Mobile Service
The Library Bookmobile is one form of mobile
service. It’s more than just a bus or other wheel
transport with books. It is in fact a full-service
mobile library
Mobile museum is a term applied to museums
that make exhibitions from a vehicle, such as a
van. Some institutions use the term to refer to a
portion of their collection that travels to sites away
from the museum for educational purposes. Other
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mobile museums have no "home site," and use
travel as their exclusive means of presentation
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services
iii) Rural Library
A Rural Library is a library or library system that
serves a population living primarily in rural area,
villages and in remote communities, rather than in a
town or city
The functions of rural or village library are:
•to provide information to those individuals
responsible for rural development programs;
•support rural education programs and rural schools;
•and serve as centers for community, education and
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culture
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services
iv) Community Information Service
The Community Information Service is offered to assist
the society to attain beneficial information for their daily
life. The services includes:
• Outreach Programs
• Consultation
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Permanent Services
v) Inter Library Loan
This can be another form of extending the
service, in particular the loan service to people beyond
the boundaries of the central library. Together with
the mail service, it could be an effective method of
reaching to the masses
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
One-off / Event Based Services:
(i) Outreach Programs & Projects
(ii) Exhibitions
(iii) Mobile Activities (eg. Roadshows)
(iv) Conference, Seminar, Workshops
(v) Carnivals, Fairs and Festivals
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
One-off / Event Based Services
(i) Outreach Programs & Projects
Community outreach programs and projects
most often targets rural, and/or, minority
populations including small focused groups and
larger, more general deprived populations
Library outreach programs could mean the library
use of outreach programs in rural areas or sub-
urban area.
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cont…
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
One-off / Event Based Services
Community outreach is generally stated to be a
strategic combination of resources and talents that will
exceed the capabilities of individuals working alone.
Outreach support comes from funding agencies,
whom are often either “giving back” to the community or
are extending their own resources into new territory.
Community outreach programs and projects most
often targets rural, and/or, minority populations including
small focused groups and larger, more general deprived
populations.
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
One-off / Event Based Services
ii) Exhibition
An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an
organized presentation and display of a
selection of items.
Exhibition can be conducted in two ways:
•Physical space
•Digital space
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TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
One-off / Event Based Services
iii) Mobile Activities
A mobile activities is an activity that can be
executed outside of the central information agencies
premises and also using the mobile service facilities.
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Cont…
TYPES OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Among the mobile activities are:
Road shows
A Road Show or travelling exhibition, also referred to as a
"travelling exhibit" or a "touring exhibition", is a type of
exhibition that is available for circulation to one or more
venues in addition to the premises of the organiser.
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