Lesson 4
Objectives
1) Define what Data Processing is.
2) Differentiate Data and Information.
3) Describe the Data Processing Cycle.
4) Give examples of Data Processing Operations in real
life.
5) Reflect on the importance of Data Processing in our
daily life.
DATA and INFORMATION
● Data is defined as a collection of raw and
unprocessed facts.
Since it is still raw, it needs to be
seamed to other data. The data must
be manipulated and processed to
achieve a desirable result and turn it
into more useful information.
Score in quizzes, student names, sale
figures, grade reports and others are
all examples of data.
DATA and INFORMATION
● After data have been processed, they can
now be considered as information.
● Information is the output of data that has
been already manipulated and
transformed into something useful.
Process
DATA PROCESSING Input
Output
Data Processing is a process of manipulating
data to make it more useful forms. It does not
only consist of mathematical calculations but
also data operations. The term data processing Raw Data Information
is a cumulative technique for the collection of
data to acquire certain objectives.
User
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
Input Output
The data processing cycle performs three
(3) basic functions: Input, Process, Data Process Information
Output. Any type of data to be processed
regardless of type of device used, either
through a manual operation or electronic
operation, comprises these basic steps. Storage
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This steps initially gathers and
This is the operation of manipulating and This is the result of the
prepares data to be entered into a
computer for processing.
transforming data into useful information. processing function.
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This is the result of the processing
This steps initially gathers and This is the operation of manipulating
function.
prepares data to be entered into a and transforming data into useful Once the data have been manipulated
computer for processing. information.
and processed into information, the
This type of data is commonly Arithmetic operations, logic
computer must then produce and
called as the input data. operations or simple data movement
present the information into a format
There are certain computer input can also be included in this function.
acceptable to the user.
devices used to collect data such as Data in computer system are
The output devices are used to
microphone, mouse, keyboard and represented using binary digits 1 and
display the information on a monitor
others. 0.
or the information is printed on
It is in the Processing block that
paper.
these binary digits are converted into
letters for them to be understood by
humans.
EXPANDED DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
There are three (3) more steps added to the basic data processing cycle and these are:
Origination, Distribution and Storage.
Origination Input Process Output Distribution
Storage
EXPANDED DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
DISTRIBUTIO STORAGE
ORIGINATION
N
It is important that the
It is a process of collecting In this steps, the output result of data
the source document often data or the result which processing are kept in
referred to as the original is often referred to as a storage device to be
data. It is important to keep
report documents will retrieved, modified or
the source documents for
reference purposes in case be distributed. used as input data for
errors occur during the further processing.
processing steps.
DATA PROCESSING OPERATION
refers to the transfer of data from one form to
RECORDING another. Numbers or figures and facts resulting
from the operation are documented.
refers to the checking of data for any errors or
VERIFYING discrepancy because most data are recorded
manually.
DUPLICATING is the reproduction of data into many forms.
CLASSIFYING it separates data into its distinctive categories
DATA PROCESSING OPERATION
refers to the arranging of data in specific order.
SORTING Orders may be cardinal, ordinal, alphabetical or
lexicographic order.
CALCULATION refers to the arithmetic calculation of data.
SUMMARIZING and the data are condensed to their meaningful forms.
REPORTING
DATA PROCESSING OPERATION
is the saving of data into files for future
STORING reference.
refers to the recovering of stored data and/or
RETRIEVING information when needed.
is the operation that compares the result to the
FEEDBACK objectives set.
METHODS OF PROCESSING DATA
Batch Processing On-line Processing
1 This applies serial processing. The data are
2 It is a method where all the information and
devices are under the direct control of the central
being collected into a certain groups or processing unit of a computer that permits
batches to permit convenience, efficiency sharing of files and devices with all computers
following a step-by-step procedure. that are connected to the server.
Real-time Processing Distributed Processing
3 It is a method that provides a fast response to
inquiry and processing. It processes the data as
4 It is the most complicated level of computer
processing. It is usually consisting of different
soon as data have been inputted and has the computers that are connected to a large central
capability of the outcome of the activity or computer system or server to help the user conduct
process in a matter of seconds or even inquiries, processes, or other data processing
milliseconds. operations locally or even globally.
Evaluation
Test 1
Evaluation
Test 2
Evaluation
Test 2
