CSC371-Database Systems I Lecture-3
(Lab)
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Previous Lecture Review
How to write query.
How to execute SQL statement.
How create database.
How to create table.
How to insert data record into table.
How to retrieve data from table.
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Create table
CREATE TABLE Staff (
staffNo int,
fName varchar(255),
lName varchar(255),
position varchar(255),
gender char ,
DOB date,
salary money,
);
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Agenda
SQL Data Types
Changes in Table structure
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Microsoft SQL Server/MySQL Data Types
String data types:
Numeric data types:
Date and Time data types:
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String data types:
Data type Description Max size Storage
char(n) Fixed width character 8,000 characters Defined width
string
varchar(n) Variable width character 8,000 characters 2 bytes + number
string of chars
varchar(max) Variable width character 1,073,741,824 2 bytes + number
string characters of chars
text Variable width character 2GB of text data 4 bytes + number
string of chars
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nchar Fixed width Unicode string 4,000 characters Defined width x 2
nvarchar Variable width Unicode string 4,000 characters
nvarchar(max) Variable width Unicode string 536,870,912
characters
ntext Variable width Unicode string 2GB of text data
binary(n) Fixed width binary string 8,000 bytes
varbinary Variable width binary string 8,000 bytes
varbinary(max) Variable width binary string 2GB
image Variable width binary string 2GB
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Numeric data types:
Data type Description Storage
bit Integer that can be 0, 1, or NULL
tinyint Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte
smallint Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 32,767 2 bytes
int Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 and 4 bytes
2,147,483,647
bigint Allows whole numbers between -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 8 bytes
and 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
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decimal(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. Allows numbers from 5-17 bytes
-10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.
numeric(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. Allows numbers from 5-17 bytes
-10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.
smallmoney Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 214,748.3647 4 bytes
money Monetary data from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 8 bytes
922,337,203,685,477.5807
float(n) Floating precision number data from -1.79E + 308 to 1.79E + 4 or 8 bytes
real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 to 3.40E + 38 4 bytes
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Date and Time data types:
datetime From January 1, 1753 to December 31, 9999 8 bytes
with an accuracy of 3.33 milliseconds
datetime2 From January 1, 0001 to December 31, 9999 6-8 bytes
with an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds
smalldatetime From January 1, 1900 to June 6, 2079 with an 4 bytes
accuracy of 1 minute
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date Store a date only. From January 1, 0001 to 3 bytes
December 31, 9999
time Store a time only to an accuracy of 100 3-5 bytes
nanoseconds
datetimeoffset The same as datetime2 with the addition of a 8-10 bytes
time zone offset
timestamp Stores a unique number that gets updated
very time a row gets created or modified. The
timestamp value is based upon an internal
clock and does not correspond to real time.
Each table may have only one timestamp
variable
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MySQL Data Types
String Data Types
Data type Description
CHAR(size) A FIXED length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special
characters). The size parameter specifies the column length in
characters - can be from 0 to 255. Default is 1
VARCHAR(size) A VARIABLE length string (can contain letters, numbers, and
special characters). The size parameter specifies the maximum
column length in characters - can be from 0 to 65535
BINARY(size) Equal to CHAR(), but stores binary byte strings.
The size parameter specifies the column length in bytes. Default
is 1
VARBINARY(size) Equal to VARCHAR(), but stores binary byte strings.
The size parameter specifies the maximum column length in
bytes.
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TINYBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Max length: 255 bytes
TINYTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 255 characters
TEXT(size) Holds a string with a maximum length of 65,535 bytes
BLOB(size) For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 65,535 bytes of data
MEDIUMTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 16,777,215 characters
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MEDIUMBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 16,777,215 bytes of data
LONGTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 characters
LONGBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 4,294,967,295 bytes of data
ENUM(val1, val2, A string object that can have only one value, chosen from a list of possible
val3, ...) values. You can list up to 65535 values in an ENUM list. If a value is inserted that
is not in the list, a blank value will be inserted. The values are sorted in the
order you enter them
SET(val1, val2, A string object that can have 0 or more values, chosen from a list of possible
val3, ...) values. You can list up to 64 values in a SET list
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Numeric data types:
Data type Description
BIT(size) A bit-value type. The number of bits per value is specified in size.
The size parameter can hold a value from 1 to 64. The default value for size is 1.
TINYINT(size) A very small integer. Signed range is from -128 to 127. Unsigned range is from 0 to
255. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)
BOOL Zero is considered as false, nonzero values are considered as true.
BOOLEAN Equal to BOOL
SMALLINT(size) A small integer. Signed range is from -32768 to 32767. Unsigned range is from 0 to
65535. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)
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MEDIUMINT(size) A medium integer. Signed range is from -8388608 to 8388607. Unsigned
range is from 0 to 16777215. The size parameter specifies the maximum
display width (which is 255)
INT(size) A medium integer. Signed range is from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
Unsigned range is from 0 to 4294967295. The size parameter specifies the
maximum display width (which is 255)
INTEGER(size) Equal to INT(size)
BIGINT(size) A large integer. Signed range is from -9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775807. Unsigned range is from 0 to
18446744073709551615. The size parameter specifies the maximum
display width (which is 255)
FLOAT(size, d) A floating point number. The total number of digits is specified in size. The
number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter.
This syntax is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.17, and it will be removed in future
MySQL versions
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FLOAT(p) A floating point number. MySQL uses the p value to determine whether to
use FLOAT or DOUBLE for the resulting data type. If p is from 0 to 24, the
data type becomes FLOAT(). If p is from 25 to 53, the data type becomes
DOUBLE()
DOUBLE(size, d) A normal-size floating point number. The total number of digits is specified
in size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in
the d parameter
DOUBLE PRECISION(size, d)
DECIMAL(size, d) An exact fixed-point number. The total number of digits is specified
in size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in
the d parameter. The maximum number for size is 65. The maximum
number for d is 30. The default value for size is 10. The default value
for d is 0.
DEC(size, d) Equal to DECIMAL(size,d)
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Date and Time data types:
DATE A date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD. The supported range is from '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'
DATETIME(fsp) A date and time combination. Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The supported range is
from '1000-01-01 00:00:00' to '9999-12-31 23:59:59'. Adding DEFAULT and ON UPDATE in
the column definition to get automatic initialization and updating to the current date
and time
TIMESTAMP(fsp) A timestamp. TIMESTAMP values are stored as the number of seconds since the Unix
epoch ('1970-01-01 00:00:00' UTC). Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The supported range
is from '1970-01-01 00:00:01' UTC to '2038-01-09 03:14:07' UTC. Automatic initialization
and updating to the current date and time can be specified using DEFAULT
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the column definition
TIME(fsp) A time. Format: hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'
YEAR A year in four-digit format. Values allowed in four-digit format: 1901 to 2155, and 0000.
MySQL 8.0 does not support year in two-digit format.
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Changes in Table structure
ALTER TABLE - ADD Column
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE Staff
ADD Email varchar(255);
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ALTER TABLE - DROP COLUMN
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;
Example
ALTER TABLE staff
DROP COLUMN Email;
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ALTER TABLE – Change Data type of a COLUMN
ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN DateOfBirth year;
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The SQL DROP TABLE Statement
DROP TABLE table_name;
Example
DROP TABLE staff;
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SQL TRUNCATE TABLE
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
Example
TRUNCATE TABLE staff;
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The SQL DROP DATABASE Statement
DROP DATABASE databasename;
Example
DROP DATABASE test5;
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Summary
SQL Data Types
Changes in Table structure
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