MySQL

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Tutorials  Types
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In MySQL are three mainSQL PYTHON
data types: string,JAVA PHP
numeric, HOW
and date TO
and W3.
time.

String Data Types

Data type Description

CHAR(size) A FIXED length string (can contain letters,

numbers, and special characters). The size
parameter specifies the column length in characters
- can be from 0 to 255. Default is 1

VARCHAR(size) A VARIABLE length string (can contain letters,

numbers, and special characters). The size
parameter specifies the maximum string length in
characters - can be from 0 to 65535

BINARY(size) Equal to CHAR(), but stores binary byte strings.

The size parameter specifies the column length in
bytes. Default is 1

VARBINARY(size) Equal to VARCHAR(), but stores binary byte strings.

The size parameter specifies the maximum column
length in bytes.

TINYBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Max length: 255

bytes

TINYTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 255

characters

TEXT(size) Holds a string with a maximum length of 65,535

bytes

BLOB(size) For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Holds up to

65,535 bytes of data

MEDIUMTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of

16,777,215 characters
MEDIUMBLOB
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LONGTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of
4,294,967,295 characters

LONGBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large Objects). Holds up to

4,294,967,295 bytes of data

ENUM(val1, val2, A string object that can have only one value,
val3, ...) chosen from a list of possible values. You can list up
to 65535 values in an ENUM list. If a value is
inserted that is not in the list, a blank value will be
inserted. The values are sorted in the order you
enter them

SET(val1, val2, A string object that can have 0 or more values,

val3, ...) chosen from a list of possible values. You can list up
to 64 values in a SET list

Numeric Data Types

Data type Description

BIT(size) A bit-value type. The number of bits per value is

specified in size. The size parameter can hold a
value from 1 to 64. The default value for size is 1.

TINYINT(size) A very small integer. Signed range is from -128 to

127. Unsigned range is from 0 to 255. The size
parameter specifies the maximum display width
(which is 255)

BOOL Zero is considered as false, nonzero values are

considered as true.

BOOLEAN Equal to BOOL

SMALLINT(size) A small integer. Signed range is from -32768 to

32767. Unsigned range is from 0 to 65535. The
 size parameter specifies the maximum display
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 MEDIUMINT(size) SQL integer.
A medium PYTHONSignedJAVA
range isPHP HOW TO
from -8388608 W3.
to 8388607. Unsigned range is from 0 to
16777215. The size parameter specifies the
maximum display width (which is 255)

INT(size) A medium integer. Signed range is from

-2147483648 to 2147483647. Unsigned range is
from 0 to 4294967295. The size parameter
specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

INTEGER(size) Equal to INT(size)

BIGINT(size) A large integer. Signed range is from

-9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775807. Unsigned range is from 0
to 18446744073709551615. The size parameter
specifies the maximum display width (which is 255)

FLOAT(size, d) A floating point number. The total number of digits

is specified in size. The number of digits after the
decimal point is specified in the d parameter. This
syntax is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.17, and it will be
removed in future MySQL versions

FLOAT(p) A floating point number. MySQL uses the p value to

determine whether to use FLOAT or DOUBLE for the
resulting data type. If p is from 0 to 24, the data
type becomes FLOAT(). If p is from 25 to 53, the
data type becomes DOUBLE()

DOUBLE(size, d) A normal-size floating point number. The total

number of digits is specified in size. The number of
digits after the decimal point is specified in the d
parameter

DOUBLE
PRECISION(size, d)

DECIMAL(size, d) An exact fixed-point number. The total number of

digits is specified in size. The number of digits after
the decimal point is specified in the d parameter.
 The maximum number for size is 65. The maximum
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number d is 30. The default
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The default value for d is 0.
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DEC(size, d) Equal to DECIMAL(size,d)

Note: All the numeric data types may have an extra option: UNSIGNED or
ZEROFILL. If you add the UNSIGNED option, MySQL disallows negative
values for the column. If you add the ZEROFILL option, MySQL automatically
also adds the UNSIGNED attribute to the column.

Date and Time Data Types

Data type Description

DATE A date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD. The supported range

is from '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'

DATETIME(fsp) A date and time combination. Format: YYYY-MM-DD

hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '1000-01-
01 00:00:00' to '9999-12-31 23:59:59'. Adding
DEFAULT and ON UPDATE in the column definition
to get automatic initialization and updating to the
current date and time

TIMESTAMP(fsp) A timestamp. TIMESTAMP values are stored as the

number of seconds since the Unix epoch ('1970-01-
01 00:00:00' UTC). Format: YYYY-MM-DD
hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '1970-01-
01 00:00:01' UTC to '2038-01-09 03:14:07' UTC.
Automatic initialization and updating to the current
date and time can be specified using DEFAULT
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the column definition

TIME(fsp) A time. Format: hh:mm:ss. The supported range is

from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'

YEAR A year in four-digit format. Values allowed in four-

digit format: 1901 to 2155, and 0000.
 MySQL 8.0 does not support year in two-digit
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SQL Server Data Types

String Data Types

Data type Description Max size Storage

char(n) Fixed width 8,000 characters Defined

character string width

varchar(n) Variable width 8,000 characters 2 bytes +

character string number of
chars

varchar(max) Variable width 1,073,741,824 2 bytes +

character string characters number of
chars

text Variable width 2GB of text data 4 bytes +

character string number of
chars

nchar Fixed width 4,000 characters Defined

Unicode string width x 2

nvarchar Variable width 4,000 characters

Unicode string

nvarchar(max) Variable width 536,870,912

Unicode string characters

ntext Variable width 2GB of text data

Unicode string

binary(n) Fixed width 8,000 bytes

binary string
varbinary
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varbinary(max) Variable width 2GB
binary string

image Variable width 2GB

binary string

Numeric Data Types

Data type Description Storage

bit Integer that can be 0, 1, or NULL

tinyint Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte

smallint Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 2 bytes

32,767

int Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 4 bytes

and 2,147,483,647

bigint Allows whole numbers between 8 bytes

-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and
9,223,372,036,854,775,807

decimal(p,s) Fixed precision and scale numbers. 5-17

bytes
Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates the maximum total

number of digits that can be stored (both to the
left and to the right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates the maximum

number of digits stored to the right of the
decimal point. s must be a value from 0 to p.
Default value is 0
numeric(p,s)
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Fixed precision and scale numbers.
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bytes
Allows numbers from -10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.
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The p parameter indicates the maximum total
number of digits that can be stored (both to the
left and to the right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to 38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates the maximum

number of digits stored to the right of the
decimal point. s must be a value from 0 to p.
Default value is 0

smallmoney Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 4 bytes

214,748.3647

money Monetary data from 8 bytes

-922,337,203,685,477.5808 to
922,337,203,685,477.5807

float(n) Floating precision number data from -1.79E + 4 or 8

308 to 1.79E + 308. bytes

The n parameter indicates whether the field

should hold 4 or 8 bytes. float(24) holds a 4-
byte field and float(53) holds an 8-byte field.
Default value of n is 53.

real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 4 bytes

38 to 3.40E + 38

Date and Time Data Types

Data type Description Storage

datetime From January 1, 1753 to December 31, 9999 8 bytes

with an accuracy of 3.33 milliseconds
datetime2
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From January 1, 0001 to December 31,
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with an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds
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smalldatetime From January 1, 1900 to June 6, 2079 with an 4 bytes
accuracy of 1 minute

date Store a date only. From January 1, 0001 to 3 bytes

December 31, 9999

time Store a time only to an accuracy of 100 3-5

nanoseconds bytes

datetimeoffset The same as datetime2 with the addition of a 8-10

time zone offset bytes

timestamp Stores a unique number that gets updated

every time a row gets created or modified.
The timestamp value is based upon an internal
clock and does not correspond to real time.
Each table may have only one timestamp
variable

Other Data Types

Data type Description

sql_variant Stores up to 8,000 bytes of data of various data types,

except text, ntext, and timestamp

uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)

xml Stores XML formatted data. Maximum 2GB

cursor Stores a reference to a cursor used for database

operations

table Stores a result-set for later processing

MS Access Data Types

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Text Use for text or combinations of text and
numbers. 255 characters maximum

Memo Memo is used for larger amounts of text.

Stores up to 65,536 characters. Note: You
cannot sort a memo field. However, they are
searchable

Byte Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte

Integer Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 2 bytes

32,767

Long Allows whole numbers between 4 bytes

-2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647

Single Single precision floating-point. Will handle 4 bytes

most decimals

Double Double precision floating-point. Will handle 8 bytes

most decimals

Currency Use for currency. Holds up to 15 digits of 8 bytes

whole dollars, plus 4 decimal places. Tip: You
can choose which country's currency to use

AutoNumber AutoNumber fields automatically give each 4 bytes

record its own number, usually starting at 1

Date/Time Use for dates and times 8 bytes

Yes/No A logical field can be displayed as Yes/No, 1 bit

True/False, or On/Off. In code, use the
constants True and False (equivalent to -1
and 0). Note: Null values are not allowed in
Yes/No fields

Ole Object Can store pictures, audio, video, or other up to

BLOBs (Binary Large Objects) 1GB

Hyperlink Contain links to other files, including web

 pages
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Lookup Let you type a list of options, which can then 4 bytes
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