SMAVT Lecture 14
Video II
Video II
● Video Formats
Analog video is a video signal transferred by an analog signal. An
analog color video signal contains luminance, brightness (Y) and
chrominance (C) of an analog television image. When combined
into one channel, it is called composite video as is the case,
among others with NTSC, PAL and SECAM.
Analog video may be carried in separate channels, as in two
channel S-Video (YC) and multi-channel component video
formats.
Component vs. HDMI video (video)
Video II
● Video Formats
NTSC and PAL are two types of color encoding systems that
affect the visual quality of content viewed on analog televisions.
While NTSC delivers a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps) at
an aspect ratio of 720x480, PAL uses a frame rate of 25 fps and a
720x576 aspect ratio.
NTSC vs. PAL/50Hz vs. 60Hz (video)
Video II
● Video Formats
Aspect ratio-
describes the proportional relationship
between the width and height of video
screens and video picture elements.
All popular video formats are
rectangular, and so can be described
by a ratio between width and height.
The ratio width to height for a
traditional television screen is 4:3, or
about 1.33:1. High definition
televisions use an aspect ratio of 16:9,
or about 1.78:1. The aspect ratio of a
full 35mm film frame with soundtrack
(also known as the Academy ratio) is
1.375:1.
Video II
● Video Codecs
A video codec is an electronic circuit or software that compresses or decompresses
digital video. It converts uncompressed video to a compressed format or vice versa. In
the context of video compression, "codec" is a concatenation of "encoder" and
"decoder"—a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that
only decompresses is a decoder.
Codecs and Containers - the wonderful world of video files (video)
Video Compression (video)
Video Formats, Codecs and Containers (video)
Video II
● Resolutions
HD, 4K, 8K? TV and Camera Video Resolutions Explained (video)
Video II
● AVI vs. MOV vs. Mp4
AVI/MOV- uncompressed (lossless)
Mp4- compressed (lossy)
Mp4 vs. AVI (video)
Video II
● Hertz Rate (aka- refresh rate)
The refresh rate (most commonly the "vertical refresh rate", "vertical scan rate" for
cathode ray tubes) is the number of times in a second that a display hardware updates
its buffer. This is distinct from the measure of frame rate. The refresh rate includes the
repeated drawing of identical frames, while frame rate measures how often a video
source can feed an entire frame of new data to a display.
Video II
● Frame Rate
Frame rate (expressed in frames per second or fps) is the frequency (rate) at which
consecutive images called frames appear on a display. The term applies equally to film
and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems. Frame rate may
also be called the frame frequency, and be expressed in hertz.
24 vs 30 vs 60 fps (video)
