TYPES OF SOFTWARE

Manash Ranjan Sahoo

PGT(Comp. Sc.)
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.4, Bhubaneswar
Introductio
n
Computer being an electronic device, understands only electric
pulses i.e. whether the electricity is flowing through a circuit or
not. We denote these two states of pulses (electricity flowing &
not flowing) by 1 and 0, and thus computer understands a
language that consists of only two 'characters' namely 1 and 0.
This special language is popularly known as Binary language or
Machine language, which is directly understood by the
computer. 0 and 1, the digits of binary language or Binary
Digits are also known as Bits (Binary Digits). Binary language
consists of ones and zeros, typically in groups of 8 or 16 bits,
used for storing characters and numbers.
 Interacting with
Hardware
An ordered set of instructions given to the computer is known as a
program and a set of such PROGRAMS that governs the operation of
a computer system and/or its related devices is known as
SOFTWARE.

User
Appn
Software
System
software

Hardwa
re
Types of Software

Type Of Software

System Application
Software Software

BIOS Word Processor

Operating System Spread sheet

Device Driver Presentation

Language Processor Database

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
System
Software
 The functions of all the physical components of a computer
system are guided by some instructions or program
collectively known as System Software. System Software
controls all internal activities inside a computer system and
between all attached components of a computer system.

 Major activities performed by System Software are :-

 Reads data and instructions through the input devices
 Translates all data and instruction into
computer understandable form and vice versa
 Controls all devices attached to the computer system
 Processes and generates the result on the output devices
 System Software -

OS
Operating system is a set of system programs that controls and
coordinates the operations of a computer system. It provide
interaction between user and computer.
 It is stored (installed) on the hard disk or any other external storage
device.
 It is the first program to be executed on a computer after the BIOS.
 Need of Operating system: it provides a software platform, on top
of which, other programs, called application programs are run.
 System Software -
OS
 Major Functions of Operating System are :-
 Device Manager - Communicate with hardware and the
attached
devices.
 Memory Manager - Manage different types of memories

 Interface Manager - Provide a user interface

 Program Manager - Provide a structure for accessing an application

 Task Manager - Enable users to manipulate programs and data

 File Manager - Manage the files, folders and directory systems on a

computer
 Network Manager - Provide basic networking structure for LAN and
Internet
 Security Manager - A smart OS also provides a minimal security to
the computer system through authorization (user name) and
authentications (password)
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 OPERATING SYSTEM

SINGLE USER OS: As the name implies, this operating system is

designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one
thing at a time.
MULTI USER OS: A multi-user operating system (OS) is a computer
system that allows multiple users that are on different computers to access
a single system's OS resources simultaneously.
MULTI TASKING OS: Multitasking, is an operating system, that
allows a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the
multiple operation of an application program) at a time. The operating
system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from
one to the other without losing information.
MULTI PROCESSING OS: Multiprocessing is sometimes used to refer to the
execution of multiple concurrent processes in a system. A program in
execution is called process.
 OPERATING SYSTEM

EMBEDDED OS: Embedded Operating System is an Embedded

System’s Operating System. Embedded Systems are a specially designed
computer system that essentially contains software and hardware for
performing specific tasks. Mobile Phones, Laptops, Cameras, Washing
Machines, ATMS, and Hair Straightener etc are examples of embedded
operating sytem.

REAL TIME OS: It is used to control machinery, industrial systems,

scientific instruments ,tasks where time deadlines may be forced to execute
a task.
User
Interface
 It is the medium by which user interact with any
software. This interface may by text based on
graphical based or it may be touch screen.
 Based on this User interface may be categorized
as:
 CUI (Character User Interface)
 GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Character User Interface
 This type of interface requires user to type each
instructions on its prompt to send request to
computer.
 User must remember each command with proper
syntax to perform its operation.
 It is not very easy and user friendly.
 Example of this type of interface was DOS (Disk
Operating System), it is still available with
windows as CMD program where we can type the
DOS commands
Character User Interface
Graphical User Interface
 It is more user friendly interface than CUI which
uses images, icons to represent the option,
commands.
 Various GUI components are used like: Labels, Text
Box, Buttons, Check Box, Radio Buttons, List
Box, Combo Box, Password field, Menus, Dialog
Box etc.
 GUI Interface is Event Drive i.e. user must perform
event like – Click, Double Click, Drag to trigger
the action.
 Now days every OS/Applications are GUI based
Graphical User Interface
LABEL

TEXT
BOX

DROP
DOWN
LIST

RADIO
BUTTON

BUTTON
Touch Screen
Interface
 A touch screen is a computer/mobile display screen
that is allows user to interact with the application by
directly touching it by hand or by stylus. The screens
are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the
computer by touching pictures or words on the
screen.
System Software -
BIOS
 The basic input/output system (BIOS) is also commonly
known as the System BIOS. The BIOS is boot firmware,
a small program that controls various electronic devices
attached to the main computer system.
 It is designed to be the first set of instructions run by a
Computer when powered on. The initial function of the
BIOS is to initialize system devices such as the RAM,
hard disk, CD/DVD drive, video display card, and other
hardware.
Device
Driver
 A device driver is a system software that acts like an
interface between the Device and the user or the
Operating System. All computer accessories like Printer,
Scanner, Web Camera, etc. come with their own driver
software. These driver software help the operating system
and other application software to communicate with
those devices for optimal use
Language
Processor
 As discussed computer understand only binary language
so it is very difficult for the programmer to write the
entire program as a bunch of 0 and 1. So need arises to
have a language which is easy to write, learn and
understand. The solution was High Level Languages
which used simple English like statements to write the
application.
 Common Language processors are :
 Compiler
 Interpreter
Application
Software
 Application software runs on Operating system. It uses
the services of operating system to interact with
 hardware.
Set of software to carry out specific task creating
documents
like (word processor ), calculations and
(Spreadsheet), Presentations (Power analysi
reservation,
point), library management etc. s
 It is of 4 type: Railwa
 Utility software
y
 General Purpose Software

 Customized software

 Developer tool
Utility
Software
Utility software for efficient working of our computer and other
task.
 Various utility softwares available like
 Text Editor : for storing short notes, message, coding. Examples

are : Notepad, Notepad++, WordPad

 To-Do task : to manage the work.
 Compression : to compress i.e. reduce the size of file to

transfer file from one computer to another. Examples are :

WinZip, WinRAR, jZIP etc.
 Disk Defragmenter : Disk de-fragmentation utility software

speeds up the system by rearranging such fragmented files stored

on a disk in contiguous locations in order to optimize the system
performance.
 Anti-Virus : to protect our computer from threats like Virus,

worm, Trojan horse, banking frauds etc.

General Purpose software
 These are the common software used by everyone in
the world. Examples are:
 Word Processing : for creating document, letters,
applications. Example : MS-Word, Writer etc
 Spreadsheet : for storing data in tabular form, performing
simple calculation, visualization etc. Examples : MS-Excel,
calc.
 Presentation : for creating personal of professional
presentation in attractive and interactive way. Examples:
MS-PowerPoint, Impress
 Database : to store huge amount of data and also perform
queries on stored data. Examples: Oracle, MySQL, etc
Customized
Software
 These are tailored software i.e. it is created as per
the need of the customer for their specific
requirement like – for maintaining school
operation, Restaurant management, banking, Hotel,
Hospital management etc.
Developer
tools
 When a programmer starts the process of writing a program
to develop software for any type of application, he/she
requires a series of software developing tools like code
editor, debugger and compiler. A platform where all these
software developing tools are bundled into a package is
known as Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
 Popular development tools are : Net Beans, Eclipse, IDLE,
Visual Studio.
 Each IDE provides features of: Editor, Compiler/Interpreter,
Debugger, Automation tool, output window etc.
Compile
r
 Compilers are used to convert High Level
Language program to machine language
 It convert the entire program in machine language
in one go.
 If encounter errors, it report all the error along with
the line number.
 It convert HLL code in machine code if all errors
are remove, once converted we can directly execute
program without interacting with the compiler.
Interpreter
 It is also used for converting HLLinto
machine language.
 It translate the HLL codelineby line
aswell as execute at the same time.
 If any error occurs, it stops the execution and report
the error.
Difference between Compiler and
Interpreter
COMPILER INTERPRETER
It convert the HLL code to It convert the HLL code to
machine machine
code in one go code line by line
It report all the error after compilation It report error for only that line where
error encountered
It execute program only when It convert and execute simultaneously
all
errors are rectified
It is fast It is slow as compare to compiler
It takes less memory, because after It takes more memory because
conversion compiler is not required in Interpreter is required in memory with
memory with execution every execution.
Not suitable for debugging purpose Suitable for debugging purpose
 THANKS
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