Course Tittle :
The Computing Application
Conversion Number Systems
WHAT IS NUMBER SYSTEM…?
The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the
decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as
it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system, the
successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units,
tens, hundreds, thousands and so on.
COMPLEMENT OF NUMBER
One's complement: In binary system, if each 1 is replaced by 0
and each 0 by 1, then resulting number is called as one's
complement of the that number.
• If first number is positive then resulting will be negative with the
same magnitude and vice versa.
• In binary arithmetic 1’s complement of a binary number
N is obtained by the formula = (2^n – 1) – N
Where n is the no of bits in binary number N.
EXAMPLE
Convert binary number 111001101 to 1’s complement.
Method:
N = 111001101
n=9
2^n = 256 = 100000000
2^n -1 = 255 = 11111111
1’s complement of N = (100000000 – 1) -111001101
011111111
– 111001101
= 000110010
Answer:
1’s complement of N is 000110010
TWO'S COMPLEMENT
Two's complement: If 1 is added to the complement of a
number then resulting number is known as two's
complement.
• If MSB is 0 then the number is positive else if MSB is 1
then the number is negative.
• 2’s complement of a binary number N is obtained by the
formula (2^n) – N ,Where n is the no of bits in number
N
EXAMPLE
• Convert binary number 111001101 to 2’s complement
• Method:
2’s complement of a binary no can be obtained by two step process
Step 1
1’s complement of number N = 000110010
Step 2
1’s complement + 1
000110010
+ 000000001
=
000110011
Answer
2’s
complement
of a binary no
CONVERSION
CONVERSION AMONG BASES
• The possibilities:
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
EXAMPLE
(25)10 = 110012 = 318 = 1916
Base
BINARY TO DECIMAL
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
BINARY TO DECIMAL
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
Bit “0”
1010112 => 1 x = 1
20
1 x = 2
0 x 21 = 0
1 x = 8
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 32
24
4310
25
OCTAL TO DECIMAL
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
OCTAL TO DECIMAL
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the
right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12
B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
• Technique
• Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent
binary representation
EXAMPLE
10AF16 = ?2
1 0 A F
0001 0000 1010 1111
10AF16 = 00010000101011112
DECIMAL TO BINARY
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
DECIMAL TO BINARY
• Technique
• Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
• First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant
bit)
• Second remainder is bit 1
• Etc.
EXAMPLE
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1
12510 = 11111012
OCTAL TO BINARY
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
OCTAL TO BINARY
• Technique
• Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation
EXAMPLE
7058 = ?2
7 0 5
111 000 101
7058 = 1110001012
OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL
• 132 8 = (?) 16
• Octal ↔ Binary ↔ Hex
0010110102 = 5
A 16
1 3 2 0101 1 01
0
FRACTIONS
• Binary to decimal
10.1011 => 1 x 2-4 = 0.0625
1 x 2-3 = 0.125
0 x 2-2 = 0.0
1 x 2-1 = 0.5
0 x 20 = 0.0
1 x 21 = 2.0
2.6875
Thank You all
