Representation of

Functions
Relation
It is a set of ordered pairs.
The Domain of a relation is the set of first
coordinates.
The Range is the set of second coordinates.
Example of Relation
Letter Number Set of ordered pairs:
I 4 {(I,4),(L,5).(O,6),
L 5 (V,8), (E,3),(M,6),
O 6 (A,2),(T,8), (H,4)}
V 8 Domain:
E 3 {I,L,O,V,E,M,A,T,H}
M 6 Range:
A 2 {4,5,6,8,3,2,}
T 8
H 4
Function
It is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element of
the range.
The member of the domain can be called
Inputs and the member of the range can be
called Outputs.
Arrows can be used to describe
correspondence in the function.
Example:
Relation B as Not
Relation A as Function
Function
Domain Range Domain Range
I 2 I 2
L 3 L 3
O 4 O 4
V 5 V 5
E 6 E 6
M 8 M 8
A A
T T
H H
The Function as a Machine
Function Not Function

Input Input

INPUT: Any letter from the

INPUT: Any real number
alphabet
OUTPUT: Either the number
OUTPUT: if vowel, 5; if
itself or its negative
consonant, 9

Output Output
The Function as a Machine
Function Function

Input Input

INPUT: Any whole number

INPUT: Any nonzero rational
from
number
1 to 10
OUTPUT: The reciprocal of that
OUTPUT: The input number
number
multiplied by 0.74

Output Output
Set of Ordered Pairs
F = {(1,2),(2,2),(3,5),(4,5)}
Function

G = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,7)}
Not Function
Set of Ordered Pairs
F = {(0,1),(2,2),(2.5,3),(3,4),(5,0)}
Function

G = {(0,2),(1,2),(2,2),(2,3),(3,3)}
Not Function
Mapping Diagrams
Function Not Function
X X
Y Y
1 3 7 11
2 5 3
3 9 2 17
4 7 9
5 0 11 23
Mapping Diagrams
Not Function Function
X X
Y Y
4 0 5
6 0
2
6 7
5 8 1
8 4 9
Table of Values
X 1 2 3 4
Y 7 5 10 11
Function

X 1 2 2 3
Y 3 1 5 10
Not Function
Table of Values
X 5 5.5 6 6.5
Y 2 4 8 16
Function

X 0 1 1 2
Y 6 5 4 3
Not Function
Equation
y = x2 + 1
Function

y = ±√(4 – x2)
Not Function
Equation
y = ±(x – 1)
Not Function

y = √x
Function
Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if
no vertical line intersects the graph in more
than one point.
Example:
Graph B as Not
Graph A as a Function
Function
Types of Function
1. Linear Function
2. Constant Function
3. Identity Function
4. Quadratic Function
5. Absolute Value Function
6. Piecewise Function
Linear Function
A function f is linear function if f(x)=mx+b,
where m and b are real numbers, and m and
f(x) are not both equal to zero.
Example:
5

f(x)=3x-2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Example:
5

f(x)=-x+1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if
f(x)=mx+b, where m=0 and b is any real
number. Thus, f(x)=b.
Example:
5

f(x)=3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Example:
5

f(x)=-2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if
f(x)=mx+b, where m=1 and b=0. Thus,
f(x)=x.
Example:
5

f(x)=x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is in the form:
f(x)=ax2+bx+c, where a, b, and c are real
numbers and a≠0.
Example:
5

f(x)=x 2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Example:
2

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

f(x)=-x +x-2 -2

-3

1 -4

-5

-6

-7

-8
Absolute Value Function
The function f is an absolute value function if
for all real number x,
Example:
5

f(x)=|x| -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Example:
5

f(x)=|x-1| -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function
is a function defined by multiple sub
functions, where each sub function applies to
a certain interval of the main function’s
domain.
Example:
10

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10
One-to-one Function
Is a function in which for each value of y in
the range of f, there is just one value x in the
domain of f such that y=f(x).
In other words, f is one-to-one if f(x 1)=f(x2)
implies x2=x2.
Example:
Relation A as One-to- Relation B as Not One-
one to-one

Domain Range Domai Range

n
1 5
1 5
2 7
2
Horizontal Line Test
A function is one-to-one if no horizontal line
intersects its graph more than once.
Example:
Graph B as not One-to-
Graph A as One-to-one
one
Evaluation of Function
Evaluation of Functions
The function notation y=f(x) tells you that y is
a function of x.
f(x)=3x+1

The name of the f(x) is read as “f of

function is f. other x,” and this
letters may be used to represents the
name functions, value of the
especially g and h.
function at x.
Evaluation of Functions
Domain
The domain of a function f is the set of values
of x for which f is defined
Range
The range of a function f is the set of all values
of f(x).
Evaluation of Functions
To find f(x) v for the given value of x is to
evaluate the function f by substituting the
input value x into the equation.

X-values Function values,

f(x)=3x+1
X=2 f(2)=3(2)+1=7
X=3 f(3)=3(3)+1=10
X=4 f(4)=3(4)+1=13
X=5 f(5)=3(5)+1=16
Evaluation of Functions
Remember the following:
f(x) means “the value of f at x”. It does not
mean “f times x”.
Letters other than f such as G and H or g and h
can also be used.
f is the name of the function and f(x) is the
value of the function at x.
Example Problem:
If f(x)=x+8, evaluate each
a) f(4)
b) f(-2)
c) f(-x)
d) f(x+3)
Solution:
a). f(x)=x+8, if x=4,
f(4)=4+8=12
b). f(x)=x+8, if x=-2,
f(-2)=-2+8=6
c). f(x)=x+8, if x=-x,
f(-x)=-x+8
d). f(x)=x+8, if x=x+3,
f(x+3)=(x+3)+8=x+3+8=x+11
Even and Odd Function
Even Function
The function f is an even function if and only if
f(-x)=f(x), for all x in the domain of f.
The right hand side of the equation of an even
function does not change even if x is replaced with
–x.
Odd Function
The function f is an odd function if and only if
f(-x)=-f(x), for all x in the domain of f.
Every term in the right hand side of the equation of
an odd function changes sign if x is replaced by –x.
Example Problem:
Identify each function as even, odd, or
neither.
a) f(x)=x5
b) g(x)=3x4-2x2
Solution:
a). f(x)=x5, if x=-x,
f(-x)=(-x)5
=(-x)(-x)(-x)(-x)(-x)
=-x5 (Odd Function)

b). g(x)=3x4-2x2, if x=-x,

f(-x)=3(-x)4+2(-x)2
=3(-x)(-x)(-x)(-x)-2(-x)(-x)
= 3x4-2x2 (Even Fyunction)
Seatwork:
1 whole yellow paper 2. f(x)=√(x+1)
Evaluate the a). f(-1)
following: b). f(5)
c). f(2+m)
1. f(x)=12-7x
a). f(2) 3. f(x)=2x2-3
b). f(-3) a). f(2)
c). f(1+b) b). f(0)
c). f(3x)