OBJECTIVE-
BASED
EDUCATION
CONTENTS:
1 OBJECTIVE-BASED EDUCATION
ARTICLE 14 OF THE
2
PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION
3 THE KTO12 CURRICULUM
4 GOALS OF KTO12 CURRICULUM
CONTENTS:
5 ALIGNMENT OF OBE, KTO12
AND ARTICLE 14
CHALLENGES AND
6
CONSIDERATION
7 CONCLUSION
8 BLOOMS TAXONOMY AND
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
OBE
(OBJECTIVE-BASED EDUCATION)
Is an educational framework centered on achieving
clearly defined learning outcomes.
In OBE, every part of the educational process from
curriculum design to assessment, it focuses on
helping students to meet specific measurable
objectives.
These outcomes often emphasize the critical thinking,
practical skills, and the ability to apply knowledge in
real-life contexts, which aligns well with modern
educational reforms like the Kto12 curriculum.
ARTICLE 14 OF THE PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION
Article 14 of the Philippine Constitution emphasize the State’s
responsibility to promote education as a fundamental right.
KEY PROVISIONS INCLUDE:
SECTION 1: The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels and take appropriate
steps to make such education accessible to all.
SECTION 2: The State shall:
• Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and
integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people
and society.
• Encourage non-formal, informal, and indegenous learning
systems.
• Provide adult citisens. disabled individuals, and out-of-school
youth with opportunities for education.
THE KTO12 CURRICULUM
The Kto12 program was implemented in the Philippines to
align the country’s educational system with global
standards. It extends the basic education cycle to 12 years,
which includes:
1. KINDERGARTEN (1 YEAR)
2. ELEMENTAY (GRADE 1-6)
3. JUNIOR HIGH (GRADE 7-10)
4. SENIOR HIGH (GRADE 11-12)
THE GOALS OF K TO 12 CURRICULUM
EQUIP LEARNER WITH 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS, INCLUDING;
COMMUNICATIONS, CRITICAL THINKING, AND PROBLEM-
SOLVING SKILLS.
FOSTER LIFELONG LEARNING AND PREPARE STUDENTS
FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, OR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
ENSURE ALIGNMENT WITH OBE BY DEFINING
COMPETENCIES AND STANDARDS FOR EACH GRADE
LEVEL.
ALIGNMENT OF OBE, KTO12, AND ARTICLE 14
ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION:
• OBE FOCUSES ON OUTCOMES, ENSURING THAT EVERY STUDENT ACHIEVES A
MINIMUM LEVEL OF COMPETENCY. THIS SUPPORTS THE CONSTITUTIONAL
MANDATE FOR QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL.
RELEVANT AND INCLUSIVE CURRICULUM:
• THE KTO12 CURRICULUM INTEGRATES LOCALIZED AND GLOBALIZED
LEARNING COMPETENCIES, ADDRESSING THE CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC
NEEDS OF THE NATION. THIS ALIGNS WITH THE CONSTITUTION’S CALL FOR
EDUCATION TO BE RELEVANT TO SOCIETAL NEEDS.
SKILL DEVELOPMENT:
• OBE AND KTO12 PRIORITIZE SKILLS THAT PREPARE STUDENTS FOR REAL-
WORLD CHALLENGES, SUPPORTING THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF
EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT.
CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS
WHILE OBE AND KTO12 AIM TO FULFILL THE OBJECTIVES OF ARTICLE 14,
CHALLENGES INCLUDE:
• ACCESSIBILITY
ISSUES,
ESPECIALLY IN
• INSUFFICIENT REMOTE AND
• RESISTANCE TO
RESOURCES UNDERSERVED
CHANGE
AND AREAS
AMONG
TEACHERS
STAKEHOLDERS
TRAINING.
.
THE INTEGRATION OF OBE PRINCIPLES IN THE
C KTO12 CURRICULUM EXEMPLIFIES THE
O PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT’S COMMITMENT TO
N THE MANDATES OF ARTICLE 14. BY FOCUSING ON
LEARNING OUTCOMES, THE KTO12 SYSTEM
C ENSURES THAT EDUCATION IS ONLY ACCESSIBLE
L BUT ALSO MEANINGFUL AND TRANSFORMATIVE
U FOR ALL LEARNERS. HOWEVER, CONTINUED
S EFFORTS ARE REQUIRED TO ADDRESS
IMPLEMENTATION GAPS AND ENSURE THAT THE
I PROGRAM FULFILLS ITS OBJECTIVES.
O
N
BLOOMS TAXONOMY
BLOOMS TAXONOMY IS CLASSIFICATIONS SYSTEM FOR EDUCATION OBJECTIVE THAT
HELPS TEACHERS STRUCTURE LESSONS AND ASSESSMENTS ACROS DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
COGNITIVE SKILLS. ORIGINALLY, DEVELOPED BY BENJAMIN BLOOM, IT IDENTIFIES SIX
LEVEL OF THINKING:
4.) ANALYZING- Breaking down
1.) REMEMBERING- Recalling the
informations into parts and
facts and basic information.
understanding realationships.
2.) UNDERSTANDING- Explaining 5.) EVALUATING- Making
concepts in your own words. judgements and supporting decisions.
3.) APPLYING- Using information in 6.) CREATING- Producing new or
new situations. original work.
A TABLE OF SPECIFICATION (TOS) IS A SIMPLE CHART
TEACHERS USE TO PLAN WHAT TO
INCLUDE ON A TEST. HERE’S HOW TO MAKE ONE:
1.) LIST OF TOPICS- WRITE DOWN THE MAIN TOPICS
STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW.
2.) CHOOSE SKILL LEVELS- DECIDE WHAT THINKING SKILLS
YOU WANT TO TEST LIKE (REMEMBERING, UNDERSTANDING,
OR APPLYING.)
TABLE
3.) SET IMPORTANCE- DECIDE HOW MANY QUESTIONS
OF
SHOULD COME FROM EACH TOPIC AND SKILL LEVEL. GIVE SPECIFICA-
MORE QUESTIONS TO MORE IMPORTANT TOPICS OR
SKILLS.
TION
4.) ORGANIZE IN A TABLE- MAKE A TABLE WITH TOPICS (TOS)
DOWN THE SIDE AND SKILL LEVELS ACROSS THE TOP.
THEN, FILL IN HOW MANY QUESTIONS WILL GO ON IN
EACH BOX.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING
AND
COOPERATING,
WE HOPE YOU
LEARNED A
LOT. :)
