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Conditional Probability

The document explains conditional probability, which is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already happened. It provides definitions, formulas, and examples to illustrate how to calculate conditional probabilities in various scenarios. Additionally, it includes exercises and assignments to reinforce understanding of the concept.

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9 views12 pages

Conditional Probability

The document explains conditional probability, which is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already happened. It provides definitions, formulas, and examples to illustrate how to calculate conditional probabilities in various scenarios. Additionally, it includes exercises and assignments to reinforce understanding of the concept.

Uploaded by

theaparagas1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONAL
PROBABILITY
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OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the student should
be able to:

a. Identify conditional probability.

b. Solve problem on conditional probability.

c. Appreciate condition probability in


solving real life problems.
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WHAT IS CONDITIONAL
PROBABILITY?
 Conditional probability refers to the
chances that some outcome occurs
given that another event has
already occurred. In probability, this
is written as A given B, or as this
formula: P, where the probability of
A happening depends on that of B
happening.
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FORMULA:

 P(A/B)= P(A and B) / P(B)


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EXAMPLE:

 An Octahedral die ( a die with 8


Faces) number 1 to 8 is tossed.
What is the probability that the
number turns up to be odd given
that it is less than 5?
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GIVEN:

 Event A ( odd #): {1,3,5,7} = 4


 Event B: (less than 5): {4,3,2,1} =4
 Event A and B: {1,3} = 2
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Solution:

 P(A/B)= P(A and B)/P(B)

 P(A/B)= 2/8÷4/8

 P(A/B)= 1/4 ÷ ½

 P(A/B)= 1/2
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Example:
 A Mathematics Teacher gave her
class 2 Tests. 25% of the passed both
tests and 42% of the Class Passed
the first test. What Percent of those
who passed the first Test. Also past
the second Tests?
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Given:

 P(A)= (1st Test)= 42%

 P(A U B ) = (1st test and 2nd test) =


25%P(B/A)
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Solution:

 P(B/A)= P(A and B)/P(B)

 P(B/A)= 0.25/0.42

 P(B/A)= 0.5952 × 100%

 P(B/A)= 59.52%
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Exercise:

 The probability that it is Friday and


that a student is absent is 0.3. Since
there are five school days in a week,
the probability that it is Friday is 0.2.
What is the probability that a student
is absent given that today is Friday?
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ASSIGNMENT:

 A jar contains black and white marbles. Two marbles are chosen
without replacement. The probability of selecting a black marble
and then a white marble is 0.34 and the probability of selecting a
black marble on the first draw is 0.47. What is the probability of
selecting a white marble on the second draw given that the first
marble thrown was black.

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