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Conditional Probability Lesson

Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has occurred. It is calculated by multiplying the probability of the first event by the probability of the second event after updating for the first event. The conditional probability formula is: P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B). Examples show calculating conditional probabilities from contingency tables and scenarios where the probability of one event impacts the probability of another dependent event. Conditional probability analysis can determine if two events are independent or related.

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245 views11 pages

Conditional Probability Lesson

Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has occurred. It is calculated by multiplying the probability of the first event by the probability of the second event after updating for the first event. The conditional probability formula is: P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B). Examples show calculating conditional probabilities from contingency tables and scenarios where the probability of one event impacts the probability of another dependent event. Conditional probability analysis can determine if two events are independent or related.

Uploaded by

Vince Laurence Blancaflor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conditional

Probability
Presented by: Mitziyori Celoso
Grade 10- St. Lorenzo Ruiz
Conditional Probability
Here’s what you’ll find out in this lesson:

1. WHAT IS CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY


2. NOTATION
3. EXAMPLES AND FORMULA
What is Conditional Probability
01 02
The probability of something Where two events A and
B are dependent
given that someone else has
occurred.

03
Is calculated by multiplying the probability of the
preceding event by the updated probability of the
succeeding or conditional event.
NOTATION
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
FORMULA
For any two events A and B with P(B) > 0, the conditional
probability of A given that B has occurred is defined by.

●  
P =
 
P =
EXAMPLE # 1:
1. ● The
  probability of rain on a certain day and Tom being absent is 0.3. The probability
of rain is 0.4. What is the probability that Tom is absent, given that it rains?

Given:

Event A ( probability of rain on a certain day)= 0.4

Event A(The probability of rain on a certain day and Tom being absent)= 0.3

Solution: P =
=
P = 0.75
EXAMPLE # 2:
2.●A Mathematical
  teacher gave her class 2 tests. 25% of the class passed both tests
and 42% of the class passed the first test. What percent of those who passed the first
test also passed the second test?

Given:

P (A) (Ist test)= 42% P Ist test and2nd test= 25%

Solution: P =
=
= 0. 5952 (100%)

P = 59.52%
EXAMPLE # 3:
3. Consider the following contingency table.
RIGHT HANDED LEFT TOTAL
HANDED
Male 0.41 0.08 0.49
Female 0.45 0.06 0.51
Total 0.86 0.14 1

Find the probability that a randomly selected person is:


a. A male given that she is right- handed.
b. Right- handed given that she is a male.
c. A female given that she is left- handed.
d. Are the events being a female and being a left- handed independent? Justify
RIGHT HANDED LEFT TOTAL
HANDED
Male 0.41 0.08 0.49
Female 0.45 0.06 0.51
Total 0.86 0.14 1

  A male given that she is right handed:


a.   Right handed given that she is a male:
b.
P= P=
= =
P = 0.48 P = 0.84
RIGHT HANDED LEFT TOTAL
HANDED
Male 0.41 0.08 0.49
Female 0.45 0.06 0.51
Total 0.86 0.14 1

  A female given that she is left handed:


c.   Are the events being a female and being
d.
P= left- handed independent? Justify:
=
P = 0. 43
P = 0.43 P (F) = 0.51

Therefore, F and L are not independent


Thankyou for listening 

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